Treatment of hypertension-دلـــوړ فــشـــار درمـــلــــنــــه Asmatullah Sapand
This document summarizes the treatment of hypertension. It discusses both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment options. Non-pharmacologic options include lifestyle modifications like diet changes, exercise, weight control and stress management. Pharmacologic options include various drug classes like diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and others. The document provides details on specific drugs in each class and their dosages and side effects.
The document provides advice for living a happy life such as going outside, avoiding bad habits, listening to good advice, being alert and open to surprises, staying determined, continuing to learn, and smiling. The overall message is to enjoy life, make good choices, and maintain a positive outlook.
1. Afghanistan is a landlocked country located in Central Asia that has experienced many invasions throughout its history and now has a population of over 33 million people. 2. The official languages of Afghanistan are Pashto and Dari, and Islam is the dominant religion. 3. Afghanistan has a diverse geography that ranges from the highest point at Nowshak at 24,557 feet to the lowest point near the Amu Darya river at 846 feet.
Self Help - Secrets To Having A Happy, Successful LifeAlan Cheng
The document discusses how achieving true happiness and success in life comes from enjoying everyday experiences and relationships, rather than solely focusing on goals and achievements. It suggests writing down what really matters, like family and friends, and making them a priority over money and status. While it's good to work hard and achieve goals, one should also take time to enjoy life along the way and not neglect loved ones. Being happy each day and bringing happiness to others is what really defines success, regardless of whether external goals are met.
The document discusses the importance of cash flow and profit and loss statements for business success. It notes that 82% of failed businesses ran out of cash and 70% were profitable. It emphasizes the necessity of positive cash flow for business survival and having accurate and timely management information for decision making. The document provides tips for structuring profit and loss statements and emphasizes developing a cash flow forecast.
Treatment of hypertension-دلـــوړ فــشـــار درمـــلــــنــــه Asmatullah Sapand
This document summarizes the treatment of hypertension. It discusses both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment options. Non-pharmacologic options include lifestyle modifications like diet changes, exercise, weight control and stress management. Pharmacologic options include various drug classes like diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and others. The document provides details on specific drugs in each class and their dosages and side effects.
The document provides advice for living a happy life such as going outside, avoiding bad habits, listening to good advice, being alert and open to surprises, staying determined, continuing to learn, and smiling. The overall message is to enjoy life, make good choices, and maintain a positive outlook.
1. Afghanistan is a landlocked country located in Central Asia that has experienced many invasions throughout its history and now has a population of over 33 million people. 2. The official languages of Afghanistan are Pashto and Dari, and Islam is the dominant religion. 3. Afghanistan has a diverse geography that ranges from the highest point at Nowshak at 24,557 feet to the lowest point near the Amu Darya river at 846 feet.
Self Help - Secrets To Having A Happy, Successful LifeAlan Cheng
The document discusses how achieving true happiness and success in life comes from enjoying everyday experiences and relationships, rather than solely focusing on goals and achievements. It suggests writing down what really matters, like family and friends, and making them a priority over money and status. While it's good to work hard and achieve goals, one should also take time to enjoy life along the way and not neglect loved ones. Being happy each day and bringing happiness to others is what really defines success, regardless of whether external goals are met.
The document discusses the importance of cash flow and profit and loss statements for business success. It notes that 82% of failed businesses ran out of cash and 70% were profitable. It emphasizes the necessity of positive cash flow for business survival and having accurate and timely management information for decision making. The document provides tips for structuring profit and loss statements and emphasizes developing a cash flow forecast.
The document outlines habits of happy people, including forgiving others, having an optimistic outlook, practicing self-care, expressing gratitude, learning continuously, using personal strengths, taking responsibility for one's actions and moods, being persistent, being proactive, meditating, keeping commitments, choosing positive friends, focusing on the future, serving others, showing compassion, and developing these habits to find greater happiness and well-being.
The document provides advice for living a happy life such as going outside, avoiding bad habits, listening to good advice, being alert and open to surprises, staying determined, continuing to learn, and smiling. The overall message is to enjoy life, make good choices, and maintain a positive outlook.
A novice teacher's training document provides questions about money for teachers to ask students, including how much money they have spent, what they would do with more money, and whether there are things money can't buy. It also matches verbs with phrases related to money. A song lyrics document matches words related to spending, like credit card, loan, and afford, with their meanings. A biography of Heidemarie Schwermer documents that she used to work but now lives without money and possessions to show that jobs are equally important and people should not judge others based on what they earn.
14 Things Every Young Pro Should Know About Life & BusinessRoss Simmonds
Young Professionals today have a bad rep. People call them lazy, unprofessional, entitled and 100s of other negative associations. At the end of the day, young professionals have to take control of their own lives and create their own rules. In this deck, I highlight 14 things that every young professional should know about life and business.
Happiness is defined as a state of well-being, joy, and prosperity. The document outlines steps to increase happiness, including thinking less and feeling more by living in the present moment, frowning less and smiling more, talking less and listening more, judging less and accepting more, watching less and doing more, complaining less and appreciating more, and fearing less and loving more. The overall message is that practicing these behaviors can help one lead a happier and more fulfilling life.
This document promotes a free ebook on the habits of successful people. It encourages the reader to download 39 Power Habits of Wildly Successful People by providing a link to do so. The ebook aims to provide habits that can help the reader achieve success through daily practices adopted by prosperous individuals.
Management and Organization Behavior PPT, MBAIshaq Ahmed
This document discusses a decision made by Rimers Tea Estate to implement significant changes in response to problems they were facing. The key issues they were facing included lack of coordination, weak distribution channels, low sales and production, and high labor turnover. Their decision was to maintain current employees but change their compensation package to increase pay across different levels by 6-12% and provide additional benefits and incentives. They created an action plan to implement this decision, estimate additional costs, set new sales targets, and monitor performance. The goal of the changes was to improve employee satisfaction, organizational performance, and profits.
The document provides tips for staying happy and productive. It suggests starting each day positively, focusing on strengths, and communicating effectively. Some key tips include setting aside time each morning for oneself, identifying strengths, speaking kindly, showing appreciation, helping and inspiring others, spending time with supportive people, acting according to one's values, and celebrating victories. Practicing these tips can help one feel happier, healthier and more productive.
Think Happy, Talk Happy, Feel Happy, Be HappyHuyen Tran
The document discusses being happy and thinking positively. It recommends thinking, talking, and feeling happy as ways to be happy. It also suggests filling in positive words and throwing compliments or "bones" to others to make them think positively. The overall message is that happiness starts from within by choosing to think happy thoughts.
This presentation looks at the latest research on positive psychology based on "The Science of Happiness" course offered by University of California, Berkeley.
It provides helpful tips on how to create a happier and more meaningful life. Some of the main topics are "social connections", "compassion", "forgiveness" and "mindfulness".
This presentation is a part of my motivational speech to inspire people to live a meaningful and fulfilling lives aligned with their core values.
I am available to present at events, companies, and organisations.
For more information please visit:
www.consciousbeginnings.com.au
or contact me at jon@consciousbeginnings.com.au
This document outlines plans to start a nonprofit organization called "Bee Happy" which will raise funds for existing NGOs in India. The organization will be registered under the Societies Registration Act and governed by a 7-member managing committee. The goal is to help underprivileged communities by not just donating money but also providing solutions. Fundraising plans include website donations, events, working with schools/colleges, and seeking corporate sponsors. The organization will have a small core team including a Managing Director and will hire additional field workers as needed to coordinate projects in areas like poverty alleviation, healthcare, and education. Detailed 5-year financial plans are provided outlining anticipated income sources and expenditures.
Potato storage through improved conventional techniques as well as modern methods in the underground Bio-climatic stores constructed by CARD-F interventions.
The document outlines habits of happy people, including forgiving others, having an optimistic outlook, practicing self-care, expressing gratitude, learning continuously, using personal strengths, taking responsibility for one's actions and moods, being persistent, being proactive, meditating, keeping commitments, choosing positive friends, focusing on the future, serving others, showing compassion, and developing these habits to find greater happiness and well-being.
The document provides advice for living a happy life such as going outside, avoiding bad habits, listening to good advice, being alert and open to surprises, staying determined, continuing to learn, and smiling. The overall message is to enjoy life, make good choices, and maintain a positive outlook.
A novice teacher's training document provides questions about money for teachers to ask students, including how much money they have spent, what they would do with more money, and whether there are things money can't buy. It also matches verbs with phrases related to money. A song lyrics document matches words related to spending, like credit card, loan, and afford, with their meanings. A biography of Heidemarie Schwermer documents that she used to work but now lives without money and possessions to show that jobs are equally important and people should not judge others based on what they earn.
14 Things Every Young Pro Should Know About Life & BusinessRoss Simmonds
Young Professionals today have a bad rep. People call them lazy, unprofessional, entitled and 100s of other negative associations. At the end of the day, young professionals have to take control of their own lives and create their own rules. In this deck, I highlight 14 things that every young professional should know about life and business.
Happiness is defined as a state of well-being, joy, and prosperity. The document outlines steps to increase happiness, including thinking less and feeling more by living in the present moment, frowning less and smiling more, talking less and listening more, judging less and accepting more, watching less and doing more, complaining less and appreciating more, and fearing less and loving more. The overall message is that practicing these behaviors can help one lead a happier and more fulfilling life.
This document promotes a free ebook on the habits of successful people. It encourages the reader to download 39 Power Habits of Wildly Successful People by providing a link to do so. The ebook aims to provide habits that can help the reader achieve success through daily practices adopted by prosperous individuals.
Management and Organization Behavior PPT, MBAIshaq Ahmed
This document discusses a decision made by Rimers Tea Estate to implement significant changes in response to problems they were facing. The key issues they were facing included lack of coordination, weak distribution channels, low sales and production, and high labor turnover. Their decision was to maintain current employees but change their compensation package to increase pay across different levels by 6-12% and provide additional benefits and incentives. They created an action plan to implement this decision, estimate additional costs, set new sales targets, and monitor performance. The goal of the changes was to improve employee satisfaction, organizational performance, and profits.
The document provides tips for staying happy and productive. It suggests starting each day positively, focusing on strengths, and communicating effectively. Some key tips include setting aside time each morning for oneself, identifying strengths, speaking kindly, showing appreciation, helping and inspiring others, spending time with supportive people, acting according to one's values, and celebrating victories. Practicing these tips can help one feel happier, healthier and more productive.
Think Happy, Talk Happy, Feel Happy, Be HappyHuyen Tran
The document discusses being happy and thinking positively. It recommends thinking, talking, and feeling happy as ways to be happy. It also suggests filling in positive words and throwing compliments or "bones" to others to make them think positively. The overall message is that happiness starts from within by choosing to think happy thoughts.
This presentation looks at the latest research on positive psychology based on "The Science of Happiness" course offered by University of California, Berkeley.
It provides helpful tips on how to create a happier and more meaningful life. Some of the main topics are "social connections", "compassion", "forgiveness" and "mindfulness".
This presentation is a part of my motivational speech to inspire people to live a meaningful and fulfilling lives aligned with their core values.
I am available to present at events, companies, and organisations.
For more information please visit:
www.consciousbeginnings.com.au
or contact me at jon@consciousbeginnings.com.au
This document outlines plans to start a nonprofit organization called "Bee Happy" which will raise funds for existing NGOs in India. The organization will be registered under the Societies Registration Act and governed by a 7-member managing committee. The goal is to help underprivileged communities by not just donating money but also providing solutions. Fundraising plans include website donations, events, working with schools/colleges, and seeking corporate sponsors. The organization will have a small core team including a Managing Director and will hire additional field workers as needed to coordinate projects in areas like poverty alleviation, healthcare, and education. Detailed 5-year financial plans are provided outlining anticipated income sources and expenditures.
Potato storage through improved conventional techniques as well as modern methods in the underground Bio-climatic stores constructed by CARD-F interventions.
UHC and Benefits Package Design - Afghanistan expereince.pptxNajibullah Safi
The document summarizes Afghanistan's experience transitioning from the Basic Package of Health Services (BPHS) and Essential Package of Hospital Services (EPHS) to a new Integrated Package of Essential Health Services (IPEHS). It describes the process of developing the IPEHS through expert committees and working groups. The IPEHS was officially launched in 2019 but implementation has faced challenges due to political instability, lack of government recognition, and dependency on donor funding. Key lessons highlight the need for inclusive stakeholder engagement, political commitment beyond just the Ministry of Public Health, and capacity building to support the transition to the new package.
This document provides an introduction to quantitative research methods. It defines quantitative research as a formal, systematic process of collecting and analyzing numerical data to find patterns, make predictions, test relationships, and generalize results. The key characteristics of research discussed are that it must be controlled, rigorous, systematic, valid and verifiable, and empirical. Common quantitative research methods include descriptive, correlational and experimental designs. Measurement, sampling, levels of measurement from nominal to ratio, and quantitative data analysis techniques such as descriptive and inferential statistics are also outlined. Finally, both the advantages of standardization and generalizability as well as limitations such as superficiality and structural bias are discussed.
The Sehatmandi project is a 3-year health services delivery project running from 2018 to 2022 with a total budget of $622 million financed mainly by the World Bank, EU, USAID, and Canada. It is implemented through contracts with national and international NGOs in 31 provinces, with a strengthened mechanism in 3 provinces. Performance is managed by a Project Management Office, with contract management by a Grants and Contracts Management Unit and coordination through a Sehatmandi coordination office in the Ministry of Public Health. Key performance is tracked through over 200 indicators and reviewed at quarterly and annual meetings. Oversight is provided by a Health Sector Oversight Committee comprised of representatives from the Afghan government and international
The COVID-19 pandemic an opportunity to strengthen health system Najibullah Safi
The document discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Afghanistan's already strained healthcare system. It outlines the status of the pandemic in Afghanistan, including limited testing and underreporting. It also discusses the health system response, including expanding surveillance, labs, and hospital capacity as well as training healthcare workers. However, the recent political changes have put health sector gains at risk by interrupting services and funding. Sustained support is needed to strengthen the health system and vaccination efforts amid ongoing challenges.
The document discusses conflict management in organizations. It begins by defining conflict and explaining that conflict arises due to differences in goals, interests, or values between individuals or groups. The document then covers various topics related to conflict such as the causes of conflict, different types and styles of managing conflict, and the positive and negative effects of conflict in organizations. It emphasizes that the goal of conflict management is to resolve conflicts in a constructive manner that strengthens relationships and trust.
Covid 19 continuation of essential health servicesNajibullah Safi
This document discusses strategies for sustaining non-COVID-19 essential health services in Afghanistan during the COVID-19 pandemic. It notes that health service utilization has decreased and some providers have been affected by COVID-19. WHO recommended 10 strategic actions including prioritizing essential services, optimizing service delivery, maintaining health workforce and supplies, and strengthening communication and monitoring. Afghanistan established coordination committees and continued providing basic health services while adapting delivery and establishing separate fever clinics. Monitoring was increased and digital platforms expanded to support essential service delivery during the pandemic. The impact on services was mixed but the response provided opportunities to strengthen capacity.
Covid 19 pandemic control options in AfghanistanNajibullah Safi
The document discusses control options for the COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan. It provides context on the spread of the virus in Afghanistan and demographic information. It then outlines current control measures including surveillance, case management, laboratory testing, points of entry screening, and non-pharmaceutical interventions. Three potential future options are presented: 1) strengthening current measures and enforcing lockdown, 2) strengthening measures while gradually relaxing lockdown, and 3) strengthening measures while immediately ending lockdown. Each option is discussed in terms of its potential impacts on disease transmission and the economy.
Najibullah Safi, MD, MSc. HPM presented on the history and current state of Afghanistan's health care system. He discussed key progress made in health indicators like immunization coverage and under-five mortality. However, challenges remain such as high stunting rates, poor quality of care in hospitals, and a high maternal mortality ratio. Moving forward, Afghanistan aims to implement an Integrated Package of Essential Health Services to address the triple burden of diseases. Principles of the way forward include prioritizing the poor, increasing community engagement, and raising domestic financing for health.
Implementation of bphsphc afghanistan experience august 2019Najibullah Safi
The document discusses Afghanistan's experience implementing the Basic Package of Health Services (BPHS) and Essential Package of Hospital Services (EPHS) through contracting non-governmental organizations (NGOs) since 2003. Key points include:
1) NGOs deliver health services in 31 of 34 provinces through competitive bidding managed by the Ministry of Public Health. Services are financed through international donors.
2) The BPHS defines 7 elements of primary health care including maternal and newborn care, child health and immunization, public nutrition, communicable disease treatment and control, mental health, disability and rehabilitation, and essential drug supply.
3) Health indicators like immunization rates and access to maternal health
The document discusses Afghanistan's experience monitoring basic health services contracts with NGOs in a conflict setting. It outlines Afghanistan's complex monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system involving multiple departments and organizations. Resources for M&E activities are substantial, with a third party responsible for most activities at a cost of $3.2 million per year. The relationship between contract managers and service-providing NGOs aims to improve performance through monitoring reports and meetings, though external factors sometimes interfere.
Global factors are increasingly influencing national policymaking. Globalization has led to greater interconnectedness between countries through increased cross-border movement, trade, and cultural harmonization. Health issues are now global concerns addressed through various global actors and mechanisms beyond traditional inter-state cooperation. These include global civil society, public-private partnerships, and influence from international organizations, transnational groups, and domestic and foreign bureaucrats. Effective health policymaking now requires engagement with this complex global context and array of global actors.
Effective implementation of national health strategy finalNajibullah Safi
The document outlines key actions for effective implementation of Afghanistan's national health strategy 2016-2020 to achieve universal health coverage. The actions include expanding health services coverage and packages, enhancing financial protection, improving coordination, strengthening accountability, increasing efficiency, and addressing cross-cutting issues such as capacity building and private sector regulation. The overall goal is to ensure all Afghans have access to needed health services without financial hardship.
Impact and cost effectivene of rotavirus vaccine introduction in afghanistanNajibullah Safi
This document provides a summary of a cost-effectiveness analysis of introducing rotavirus vaccination in Afghanistan. The analysis finds that vaccination would be highly cost-effective compared to no vaccination. It estimates that over 10 years, vaccination could avert over 1 million cases, 661,000 outpatient visits, 49,000 hospitalizations and nearly 12,000 deaths. The incremental cost per disability-adjusted life year averted is estimated to be $103-$59 depending on perspective, below Afghanistan's GDP per capita threshold for cost-effectiveness. Sensitivity analysis showed results were robust to varying parameters like disease burden and vaccine price. The document discusses limitations and next steps to support government adoption of vaccination.
Evaluation of thermotherapy for the treatment of cutaneousNajibullah Safi
This document summarizes a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the effectiveness of thermotherapy compared to glucantime injections for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kabul, Afghanistan. The study involved 382 patients randomized to receive either a single thermotherapy treatment of 50 degrees Celsius for 30 seconds or 5 injections of glucantime over 7 days. The overall cure rate was 78.2%, with the thermotherapy group having a slightly higher cure rate of 82.5% compared to 74% for the glucantime group. The conclusion is that thermotherapy may be considered as an effective and cost-efficient alternative or complement to antimony treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis.
This document provides an update on polio eradication efforts in Afghanistan. It notes that 5 provinces and 47 districts are at high risk for polio, with districts categorized from fully accessible to inaccessible. In 2016, all confirmed polio cases were reported from access-compromised areas. To strengthen polio eradication, the approach focuses on gaining access, implementing alternative strategies, engaging communities, and enhancing monitoring. Lessons from 2015-2016 highlight the importance of strong coordination, maintaining neutrality, and improving quality in accessible but limited areas. Opportunities include political support and neutrality, while challenges include inaccessibility, knowledge gaps, and possible funding issues.
This document outlines Afghanistan's National Emergency Action Plan (NEAP) for polio eradication from 2016-2017. The plan's goal is to stop wild poliovirus transmission in Afghanistan by the end of 2016 with no new cases in 2017. Key strategies include maintaining program neutrality, focusing on high-risk areas, strengthening community engagement, and enhancing accountability. Targets include conducting 10 vaccination campaigns in 2016-2017 and improving surveillance. The plan also discusses improving campaign quality, monitoring, and data collection to enhance polio eradication efforts.
This document outlines the governance structure of Afghanistan's Country Coordinating Mechanism (ACCM) for Global Fund grants. It describes the functions and composition of the ACCM, its executive committee, and oversight committee. The ACCM coordinates grant proposals and oversight, comprises up to 30 members from government, civil society, international organizations, and is currently 29 members. The executive committee of 7 members manages daily operations and oversight. The oversight committee of 6-10 members monitors grant implementation and provides recommendations to improve performance.
Polio eradication in afghanistan way forward 2016 17Najibullah Safi
The document outlines Afghanistan's National Emergency Action Plan for polio eradication for 2016-2017. The key points are:
1) The goal is to stop wild poliovirus transmission in Afghanistan by the end of 2016.
2) Lessons from 2015-2016 include the need for strong coordination, a focus on high risk areas, and improving campaign quality in areas with access limitations.
3) Strategies include maintaining program neutrality, focusing on high risk provinces and districts, strengthening surveillance, and cross-border coordination with Pakistan.
The Afghanistan Demographic Health Survey 2015 provides key findings on the country's health indicators. It surveyed nearly 26,000 households between June 2015 and February 2016, achieving a high response rate. Key results include:
- The total fertility rate is 5.3, with higher rates in rural (5.4) versus urban (4.8) areas. Only 51% of deliveries were assisted by skilled birth attendants nationally.
- Childhood immunization rates ranged from 57.7% for pentavalent vaccine to 73.7% for BCG. Infant and under-5 mortality rates have declined significantly from 2001-2005 to 2011-2015.
- Literacy rates remain low, at 50.6%