IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance evaluation of bituminous concrete incorporating crumb rubber and ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in environmental concerns has been leading to develop innovative and eco-friendly ideas to re-use the waste byproducts from
industries and domestic use. Waste plastic and waste tyres/crumb rubber considered as solid waste in India which causes
environmental pollution. These wastes will be disposed by land filling and incineration which are hazardous. Plastic is user friendly
but not eco-friendly. In this present study waste plastic and crumb rubber has been used to modify the conventional bituminous mix.
This modifier raw-material has been sourced from disposed waste plastic and crumb rubber. This provides a solution towards
ecological menace posed by increased use of plastic. Incorporation of waste plastic which is mainly consists of LDPE had been done
by “dry process”; an in-situ process which can be practiced locally. In this process addition of plastic has been done by replacing
bitumen by percentage by weight in varying percentage. Marshall Method of bituminous mix design was carried out. Significant
improvement in properties like Marshall Stability, retained stability, indirect tensile strength has been observed in waste plastic
bituminous mix compared to conventional mix.
Keywords: waste thermoplastic, bituminous mix, Marshall Properties, ITS, retained stability
Estimation of Mass Transfer Parameters and Drying Characteristics of Black Pe...AM Publications
Drying characteristics of black pepper with an initial moisture content of 59.98% (kg moisture/kg wet sample)
was carried out in a domestic microwave oven at five different powers of 900W, 720W, 540W, 360W and 180W. The drying
curves were plotted and from the rate vs moisture content curves it could be concluded that the complete drying process had
took place in the falling rate period. Experimental data were fitted to the thirteen thin layer drying models available in the
literature. Midilli et al model was found to be the best model to describe the microwave thin layer drying of black pepper.
The effective diffusivities were estimated by using Fick’s second law of diffusion for spherical particles. Mass transfer
coefficients and mass Biot numbers were also calculated for the five microwave powers. The effective diffusivities, mass
transfer coefficients and the mass Biot numbers varied between 1.144*10-10to 4.575*10-9 m2/s, 0.863 to 8.47 m/s and 84.5*
105 to 20.7* 105 for the microwave powers studied. Effective diffusivities and mass transfer coefficient increased with the
increasing microwave power where as the mass Biot numbers decreased with the increasing microwave power.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Fabrication and evaluation of nano carbon reinforced polymer compositeseSAT Journals
Abstract In this study the suitability of using nano carbon as a new raw material for thermoset composites is investigated. The study evaluates the mechanical properties of nano carbon composites. The nano carbon from Biomass (waste material of Zea Mays) is used as a reinforcement material with the matrix resin for preparing the composites. The composites developed by hand molding technique are varied with weight percentage of nano carbon (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% up to 1.5%). The developed natural nano carbon reinforced polymer composites were characterized by mechanical properties. The composites reinforced with 0.5 & 0.6 wt% of nano carbon particles have shown better mechanical strength. The properties of sourghum based nano carbon/Epoxy composites are greater than that of epoxy resin matrix composites even for a little amount of carbon reinforcement.\ Keywords— Nano carbon, Polymers, Mechanical Properties
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance evaluation of bituminous concrete incorporating crumb rubber and ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in environmental concerns has been leading to develop innovative and eco-friendly ideas to re-use the waste byproducts from
industries and domestic use. Waste plastic and waste tyres/crumb rubber considered as solid waste in India which causes
environmental pollution. These wastes will be disposed by land filling and incineration which are hazardous. Plastic is user friendly
but not eco-friendly. In this present study waste plastic and crumb rubber has been used to modify the conventional bituminous mix.
This modifier raw-material has been sourced from disposed waste plastic and crumb rubber. This provides a solution towards
ecological menace posed by increased use of plastic. Incorporation of waste plastic which is mainly consists of LDPE had been done
by “dry process”; an in-situ process which can be practiced locally. In this process addition of plastic has been done by replacing
bitumen by percentage by weight in varying percentage. Marshall Method of bituminous mix design was carried out. Significant
improvement in properties like Marshall Stability, retained stability, indirect tensile strength has been observed in waste plastic
bituminous mix compared to conventional mix.
Keywords: waste thermoplastic, bituminous mix, Marshall Properties, ITS, retained stability
Estimation of Mass Transfer Parameters and Drying Characteristics of Black Pe...AM Publications
Drying characteristics of black pepper with an initial moisture content of 59.98% (kg moisture/kg wet sample)
was carried out in a domestic microwave oven at five different powers of 900W, 720W, 540W, 360W and 180W. The drying
curves were plotted and from the rate vs moisture content curves it could be concluded that the complete drying process had
took place in the falling rate period. Experimental data were fitted to the thirteen thin layer drying models available in the
literature. Midilli et al model was found to be the best model to describe the microwave thin layer drying of black pepper.
The effective diffusivities were estimated by using Fick’s second law of diffusion for spherical particles. Mass transfer
coefficients and mass Biot numbers were also calculated for the five microwave powers. The effective diffusivities, mass
transfer coefficients and the mass Biot numbers varied between 1.144*10-10to 4.575*10-9 m2/s, 0.863 to 8.47 m/s and 84.5*
105 to 20.7* 105 for the microwave powers studied. Effective diffusivities and mass transfer coefficient increased with the
increasing microwave power where as the mass Biot numbers decreased with the increasing microwave power.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Fabrication and evaluation of nano carbon reinforced polymer compositeseSAT Journals
Abstract In this study the suitability of using nano carbon as a new raw material for thermoset composites is investigated. The study evaluates the mechanical properties of nano carbon composites. The nano carbon from Biomass (waste material of Zea Mays) is used as a reinforcement material with the matrix resin for preparing the composites. The composites developed by hand molding technique are varied with weight percentage of nano carbon (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% up to 1.5%). The developed natural nano carbon reinforced polymer composites were characterized by mechanical properties. The composites reinforced with 0.5 & 0.6 wt% of nano carbon particles have shown better mechanical strength. The properties of sourghum based nano carbon/Epoxy composites are greater than that of epoxy resin matrix composites even for a little amount of carbon reinforcement.\ Keywords— Nano carbon, Polymers, Mechanical Properties
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance evaluation of nano graphite inclusions in cutting fluids with mql...eSAT Journals
Abstract Liberation of heat and generation of friction associated with any machining operation ever pose a problem which not only reduce the tool life but also impair quality of the product. Cutting fluids have been the conventional choice to curtail friction and temperatures in machining because of its lubrication and cooling actions. However, considering health hazards posed by the conventional cutting fluids to health of the workers and ecology, the quest is towards identifying alternative strategies to the usual flood application. Selection and use of proper lubricant that can improve the overall cutting phenomena which is an important aspect in reducing the cutting forces and temperatures The present work studies the use of nano cutting fluids in MQL which is a minimal cutting fluid technique, for turning operation using HSS and cemented carbide tools. Development of nano materials by nanotechnology technique, dispersing them in the cutting fluid improve the effectiveness of the cutting fluid and hence nano graphite powder is selected of particle size 80 nm in varying proportions i.e. 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% by weight are mixed in water soluble oil and applied drop by drop. Experimentation is carried out at different flow rates like 5 ml/min 10 ml/min and 15 ml/min with nanoparticle suspended fluids along with dry machining, flood coolant machining under constant cutting conditions. Experimental results are very encouraging with much reduction in surface roughness, tool flank wear, temperatures and cutting forces is observed in fluids with nanoparticle inclusions. Different properties of the nanofluids are estimated through a series of standard tests. Keywords: Machining, nano Graphite, minimum quantity lubrication, cutting fluids.
Modeling of size reduction, particle size analysis and flow characterisation ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Comparative study using Rosin-Rammler-Sperling-Bennet (RRSB) and Rosin-Rammler model parameters, including particle size analysis and flow characterization helps in identifying whether hammer mill or pin mill is suitable for grinding three selected spices, namely, cinnamon, coriander and turmeric. Model parameters like degree of uniformity in size and statistical average diameter of ground products, mean sizes of ground particles, Bond’s work index, specific energy consumption for grinding, and flow characteristics indicate cinnamon and coriander are suitable for grinding with hammer mill while turmeric is suitable for grinding with pin mill. Keywords: Rosin-Rammler-Sperling-Bennet model, coriander, cinnamon, turmeric, degree of uniformity, statistical average diameter, Bond’s work index, specific energy.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION STUDY OF MAHUA METHYL ESTER AT DIFFERENT INJECTION P...IAEME Publication
Import of petroleum products is a major drain on our foreign exchange sources and with growing demand in future years the situation is likely become even worse. Hence it has become imperative to find suitable fuels, which can be produced in our country. In this work, Mahua oil, a non-edible type is used in this investigation for studying its suitability for use in diesel engine. This work deals with the results of investigations carried out in studying the fuel properties of methyl ester of mahua oil blends with diesel fuel from 10 to 30% by volume and in running a single cylinder four-stroke diesel engine with this fuels at different injection pressures (200bar, 210bar & 220bar). Tests were performed on the engine for different pressure and the results were displayed.
Production and Performance Evaluation of Pedal Operated Pressed Briquettestheijes
--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------- This paper treats the production and performance tests of pedal operated pressed briquettes of about 220 mm x 80 mm x 67 mm using agricultural and wood wastes. The densification was achieved by using some mechanical pressure to reduce the volume of vegetable matter and its conversion to a solid form within a pedal operated briquette press designed and constructed for that purpose. The characteristics values of the briquettes such as the effects of the binder proportion in the briquette and its effects on the combustion properties were investigated using ASTME methods. The calorific value of the briquettes ranged between 11.50 MJkg-1 and 14.02 MJkg-1, making them suitable for use as supplementary fuel in small scale industries such as bakeries. It was observed that the percentage composition of the binder greatly affects the friability index of the briquette. The resistance to humidity also played an important role in the briquette combustion abilities. This briquetting technique of agro-residues is one sure way of fighting climate change and provides a sustainable energy source due to the fact that it reduces dependence on fossil fuels and converts waste materials to wealth.
Evaluation of volumetric shrinkage ofmarble dust soil compositeeSAT Journals
Abstract Locally available reddish soil was analysed for volumetric shrinkage strain by treating it with marble dust till 40%. Volumetric shrinkage strain in soils indicates the variation in volume of compacted soil, which will result in inducing cracking of soil sample. This property majorly affects soil used as liner material since shrinkage and subsequent cracking results in voids, which interrupt the proper functioning of liner. The soil sample were compacted using standard and modified Proctor compactive effort using moulding water contents -2, 0 and +2 percentage relative to optimum. The soil samples compacted at required water content and corresponding density were extruded from the compaction mould and kept fordrying, till it was completely dry. The variation in volume and weight of sample is recorded each consecutive 5 days. The results obtained indicated that the volumetric shrinkage strain were large within the first five days of drying. The weight also found to decrease largely within first five days of drying. The VSS value was found to decrease till 25 percentage marble dust addition and there after increase slightly. It was also found to increase with higher moulding water content. Using the results, compaction plane of acceptable zones were also plotted, from which marble dust addition percentages satisfying the regulatory value of VSS ≤ 4% is proposed as 25%. Keywords:Marble dust, Landfill liner, Compactive effort, Hydraulic conductivity, Volumetric shrinkage strain, Relative to optimum
Study of Combustion Characteristics of Fuel Briquettesijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Strength and durability aspects of partial replacement of sand by granite fineseSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper includes a study investigating the structural characteristics of concrete with the use of Granite Fines. Water to cement ratio was maintained to 0.55 throughout the project. Concrete was prepared with granite fines as a replacement of fine aggregate in 5 different percentages namely 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% and relevant tests have been carried out on strength such as compressive strength, Split tensile strength and Flexural strength. For each percent 4 specimens and a total of 20 specimens were casted for 7 days and 28 days testing separately and it was arrived that optimum replacement of sand by Granite fines was 15%.For the durability tests such as water absorption and porosity 15 cubes were casted and these results were compared with the conventional concrete.The test results indicates that partial replacement of sand with granite fines has beneficial effect onthe mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete and also durable.
Keywords-Crushed Granite fines (CGF), Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength, Porosity, Water Absorption.
Experimental investigations of vegetable & mineral oil performance during...eSAT Journals
Abstract Machining with Conventional flood lubrication is a common practice in the industries for reducing friction, heat and cutting power. The type of cutting fluid used during machining play important role in enhancing the machining performance if and only if it is selected, applied, handled and disposed in better way. Cutting fluids often poses hazard to man, environment, machine and material. It sometimes also becomes uneconomical; when application method, flow rate and cost of cutting fluid are remain unattended or underestimated. In Conventional flood lubrication a large quantity of lubricant is applied continuously at the tool chip interface does not remove heat effectively as much required because of poor penetration and obstruction from the chip. Therefore this system is becoming uneconomical for machining and unsuitable for environment. On the other hand wastage disposal of this large quantity of cutting fluid (petroleum based) is becoming problematic. Therefore the present study has been conducted by Vegetable based Minimum quantity Lubrication to reduce or to minimize hazards caused by Conventional flood lubrication. The Results of surface roughness obtained during Turning of EN-31 Steel with Minimum quantity lubrication of both mineral oil and vegetable are compared with each other and indicates that the surface roughness of vegetable oil is close proximity with mineral oil.
Experimental investigations of vegetable & mineral oil performance during mac...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Development of mathematical model on gas tungsten arc welding process parameterseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Fine–grained analysis and profiling of software bugs to facilitate waste iden...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance evaluation of nano graphite inclusions in cutting fluids with mql...eSAT Journals
Abstract Liberation of heat and generation of friction associated with any machining operation ever pose a problem which not only reduce the tool life but also impair quality of the product. Cutting fluids have been the conventional choice to curtail friction and temperatures in machining because of its lubrication and cooling actions. However, considering health hazards posed by the conventional cutting fluids to health of the workers and ecology, the quest is towards identifying alternative strategies to the usual flood application. Selection and use of proper lubricant that can improve the overall cutting phenomena which is an important aspect in reducing the cutting forces and temperatures The present work studies the use of nano cutting fluids in MQL which is a minimal cutting fluid technique, for turning operation using HSS and cemented carbide tools. Development of nano materials by nanotechnology technique, dispersing them in the cutting fluid improve the effectiveness of the cutting fluid and hence nano graphite powder is selected of particle size 80 nm in varying proportions i.e. 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% by weight are mixed in water soluble oil and applied drop by drop. Experimentation is carried out at different flow rates like 5 ml/min 10 ml/min and 15 ml/min with nanoparticle suspended fluids along with dry machining, flood coolant machining under constant cutting conditions. Experimental results are very encouraging with much reduction in surface roughness, tool flank wear, temperatures and cutting forces is observed in fluids with nanoparticle inclusions. Different properties of the nanofluids are estimated through a series of standard tests. Keywords: Machining, nano Graphite, minimum quantity lubrication, cutting fluids.
Modeling of size reduction, particle size analysis and flow characterisation ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Comparative study using Rosin-Rammler-Sperling-Bennet (RRSB) and Rosin-Rammler model parameters, including particle size analysis and flow characterization helps in identifying whether hammer mill or pin mill is suitable for grinding three selected spices, namely, cinnamon, coriander and turmeric. Model parameters like degree of uniformity in size and statistical average diameter of ground products, mean sizes of ground particles, Bond’s work index, specific energy consumption for grinding, and flow characteristics indicate cinnamon and coriander are suitable for grinding with hammer mill while turmeric is suitable for grinding with pin mill. Keywords: Rosin-Rammler-Sperling-Bennet model, coriander, cinnamon, turmeric, degree of uniformity, statistical average diameter, Bond’s work index, specific energy.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION STUDY OF MAHUA METHYL ESTER AT DIFFERENT INJECTION P...IAEME Publication
Import of petroleum products is a major drain on our foreign exchange sources and with growing demand in future years the situation is likely become even worse. Hence it has become imperative to find suitable fuels, which can be produced in our country. In this work, Mahua oil, a non-edible type is used in this investigation for studying its suitability for use in diesel engine. This work deals with the results of investigations carried out in studying the fuel properties of methyl ester of mahua oil blends with diesel fuel from 10 to 30% by volume and in running a single cylinder four-stroke diesel engine with this fuels at different injection pressures (200bar, 210bar & 220bar). Tests were performed on the engine for different pressure and the results were displayed.
Production and Performance Evaluation of Pedal Operated Pressed Briquettestheijes
--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------- This paper treats the production and performance tests of pedal operated pressed briquettes of about 220 mm x 80 mm x 67 mm using agricultural and wood wastes. The densification was achieved by using some mechanical pressure to reduce the volume of vegetable matter and its conversion to a solid form within a pedal operated briquette press designed and constructed for that purpose. The characteristics values of the briquettes such as the effects of the binder proportion in the briquette and its effects on the combustion properties were investigated using ASTME methods. The calorific value of the briquettes ranged between 11.50 MJkg-1 and 14.02 MJkg-1, making them suitable for use as supplementary fuel in small scale industries such as bakeries. It was observed that the percentage composition of the binder greatly affects the friability index of the briquette. The resistance to humidity also played an important role in the briquette combustion abilities. This briquetting technique of agro-residues is one sure way of fighting climate change and provides a sustainable energy source due to the fact that it reduces dependence on fossil fuels and converts waste materials to wealth.
Evaluation of volumetric shrinkage ofmarble dust soil compositeeSAT Journals
Abstract Locally available reddish soil was analysed for volumetric shrinkage strain by treating it with marble dust till 40%. Volumetric shrinkage strain in soils indicates the variation in volume of compacted soil, which will result in inducing cracking of soil sample. This property majorly affects soil used as liner material since shrinkage and subsequent cracking results in voids, which interrupt the proper functioning of liner. The soil sample were compacted using standard and modified Proctor compactive effort using moulding water contents -2, 0 and +2 percentage relative to optimum. The soil samples compacted at required water content and corresponding density were extruded from the compaction mould and kept fordrying, till it was completely dry. The variation in volume and weight of sample is recorded each consecutive 5 days. The results obtained indicated that the volumetric shrinkage strain were large within the first five days of drying. The weight also found to decrease largely within first five days of drying. The VSS value was found to decrease till 25 percentage marble dust addition and there after increase slightly. It was also found to increase with higher moulding water content. Using the results, compaction plane of acceptable zones were also plotted, from which marble dust addition percentages satisfying the regulatory value of VSS ≤ 4% is proposed as 25%. Keywords:Marble dust, Landfill liner, Compactive effort, Hydraulic conductivity, Volumetric shrinkage strain, Relative to optimum
Study of Combustion Characteristics of Fuel Briquettesijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Strength and durability aspects of partial replacement of sand by granite fineseSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper includes a study investigating the structural characteristics of concrete with the use of Granite Fines. Water to cement ratio was maintained to 0.55 throughout the project. Concrete was prepared with granite fines as a replacement of fine aggregate in 5 different percentages namely 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% and relevant tests have been carried out on strength such as compressive strength, Split tensile strength and Flexural strength. For each percent 4 specimens and a total of 20 specimens were casted for 7 days and 28 days testing separately and it was arrived that optimum replacement of sand by Granite fines was 15%.For the durability tests such as water absorption and porosity 15 cubes were casted and these results were compared with the conventional concrete.The test results indicates that partial replacement of sand with granite fines has beneficial effect onthe mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete and also durable.
Keywords-Crushed Granite fines (CGF), Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength, Porosity, Water Absorption.
Experimental investigations of vegetable & mineral oil performance during...eSAT Journals
Abstract Machining with Conventional flood lubrication is a common practice in the industries for reducing friction, heat and cutting power. The type of cutting fluid used during machining play important role in enhancing the machining performance if and only if it is selected, applied, handled and disposed in better way. Cutting fluids often poses hazard to man, environment, machine and material. It sometimes also becomes uneconomical; when application method, flow rate and cost of cutting fluid are remain unattended or underestimated. In Conventional flood lubrication a large quantity of lubricant is applied continuously at the tool chip interface does not remove heat effectively as much required because of poor penetration and obstruction from the chip. Therefore this system is becoming uneconomical for machining and unsuitable for environment. On the other hand wastage disposal of this large quantity of cutting fluid (petroleum based) is becoming problematic. Therefore the present study has been conducted by Vegetable based Minimum quantity Lubrication to reduce or to minimize hazards caused by Conventional flood lubrication. The Results of surface roughness obtained during Turning of EN-31 Steel with Minimum quantity lubrication of both mineral oil and vegetable are compared with each other and indicates that the surface roughness of vegetable oil is close proximity with mineral oil.
Experimental investigations of vegetable & mineral oil performance during mac...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Development of mathematical model on gas tungsten arc welding process parameterseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Fine–grained analysis and profiling of software bugs to facilitate waste iden...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Migrating from a legacy enterprise resource planning (erp) system to a new er...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Identity based cryptography for client side security in web applications (web...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technologyis an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Latent fingerprint and vein matching using ridge feature identificationeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Properties of concrete incorporated with ggbseSAT Journals
Abstract
Throughout the world, the most widely used construction material is concrete. It is the second most consumed substance on the earth after water. As concrete being used for construction of most of the buildings, bridges etc., it has been labelled as the backbone to the infrastructure development of nation. It is commonly made by mixing Portland cement with sand, crushed rock and water. It is very clear that among the all components, aggregate and water is largely available material in India at very low cost. As cement is comparatively high cost it would be advisable to use other locally available industrial and agricultural waste material to replace the cement partially. Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) is a non-metallic and non-hazardous waste material of Iron Industry. Therefore the minimization of this waste material without a harmful effect on nature has a vital importance.The present work focused on the utilization of GGBS in concrete which can be suitably used under the Indian conditions. For this purpose, the various tests on properties of green and hardened concrete have been performed. The properties of green concrete have been analyzed by workability of concrete in terms of slump value whereas the properties of hardened concrete have been analyzed in terms of mechanical and physical properties of concrete. The mechanical properties of hardened concrete include the compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength whereas physical properties includes the dry & moist density and water absorption of hardened concrete. On the basis of present work we found that GGBS in concrete improves workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength and decreases the density & water absorption characteristics of hardened concrete. As a result the cost of concrete decreases. Also GGBS leads to the significant reduction in the quantity of cement which enables the reduction in CO2 emission and reduction in energy consumption in production of cement.
Keywords: GGBS, cement, fine and coarse aggregate and concrete
The green aggregates for sustainable development in construction industryeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Effect of mill scale and fly ash waste on the performance of cement mortareSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper investigates effect of mill scale and fly ash wastes as a replacement of fine aggregate generally natural sand on the performance of cement mortar. Utilization of fly ash and mill scale in cement mortar production not only provides significant environmental benefits but also enhances performance of the cement mortar when used at optimum amounts. They may be used in the form of finely ground additive to replace part of aggregates in cement mortar. This study looked at the feasibility of mill scale and fly ash waste inclusion as partial aggregate replacement in normal cement mortar. Properties of cement mortar incorporating fly ash and mill scale waste as partial substitution for natural aggregate were investigated. The study involves six replacement levels of mill scale and fly ash wastes into cement mortar for each mix design. Mortar cubes are tested for strength, & water absorption. The partial replacement of fine aggregate by M(3,30), M(5,30), M(8,30), M(10,30), M(12,30), M(15,30) ( M-mix of mill scale & fly ash %) improves the properties of normal mortar. In the design mix of industrial wastes produced, percentage of fly ash is kept constant (30 %) and mill scale is varied from 0 to 15 % by weight of natural sand. The test results indicate that the mechanical properties of mill scale and fly ash modified mortar are improved to a great extent, whereas the water absorption is reduced as compared to that of plain mortar.
Keywords: Mill Scale, Fly Ash, Compressive Strength, Durability, Water Absorption, Density
Comparison of physical and rheological properties of plain and crumb rubber m...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Bitumen is predominantly used to construct pavements for roads, highways, and airports. Due to the viscoelasticity nature of bitumen,
it plays a predominant role in the performance of the pavements where temperature and rate of load application have a great
influence. In India, the specifications for bituminous binders rely on different empirical tests which have almost no significance on
their performance characteristics are reported. In this paper, the physical and rheological properties of bituminous binders commonly
used in India, at high and intermediate field temperatures are reported in terms of their performance characteristics. Considering
several factors that affect the behavior of bituminous binders, the effects of variations in temperature, rate of loading and amount of
loading are considered. The changes in the properties of commonly used grades of (60-70) bitumen both unmodified and modified
with crumb rubber have been reported. The Marshall properties and indirect tensile strength ratio are compared for the specimens
prepared at optimum binder content (OBC) for bituminous concrete (BC) grading-2. Crumb rubber modified bitumen shows higher
Marshall Stability, reduced flow, higher ITS ratio and improved rheological properties in terms of rutting.
Keywords: CRMB – crumb rubber modified bitumen, ITS- Indirect tensile strength, TFOT – Thin Film Oven test, DSRDynamic
shear rheometer MSCR- multiple shear creep recovery.
Comparison of physical and rheological properties of plain and crumb rubber m...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Bitumen is predominantly used to construct pavements for roads, highways, and airports. Due to the viscoelasticity nature of bitumen,
it plays a predominant role in the performance of the pavements where temperature and rate of load application have a great
influence. In India, the specifications for bituminous binders rely on different empirical tests which have almost no significance on
their performance characteristics are reported. In this paper, the physical and rheological properties of bituminous binders commonly
used in India, at high and intermediate field temperatures are reported in terms of their performance characteristics. Considering
several factors that affect the behavior of bituminous binders, the effects of variations in temperature, rate of loading and amount of
loading are considered. The changes in the properties of commonly used grades of (60-70) bitumen both unmodified and modified
with crumb rubber have been reported. The Marshall properties and indirect tensile strength ratio are compared for the specimens
prepared at optimum binder content (OBC) for bituminous concrete (BC) grading-2. Crumb rubber modified bitumen shows higher
Marshall Stability, reduced flow, higher ITS ratio and improved rheological properties in terms of rutting.
Keywords: CRMB – crumb rubber modified bitumen, ITS- Indirect tensile strength, TFOT – Thin Film Oven test, DSRDynamic
shear rheometer MSCR- multiple shear creep recovery.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental study on strength characteristics of concrete with recycled aggr...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of providing eco-friendly concrete is gaining hike in the global construction industry. The depleting resources have made the researchers to focus on sustainable development in all areas and more particularly in concrete production, due to the high rate of growth of industries and their infrastructure development, which increase the rate of consumption of concrete. The practice of recycling of demolished concrete for use in sub grades has already been set up. However a new concrete that is produced with such a recycled concrete seems to have higher porosity, lower strength and modulus of elasticity when compared to normal conventional concrete. Some of the earlier studies have attempted to improve the recycled material so as to reduce its high porosity. From review of literature it is found that studies under rural roads using recycled aggregates was done. This project deals with the use of recycled aggregates for rigid pavements replacing natural aggregates in rural roads. The tests are conducted for various proportion mix of Recycled aggregates and Natural aggregates.M30 grade of concrete is being used for the design .Aggregates at maximum size of 20mm is taken. The required strength for rigid pavements under recycled aggregates is being evaluated in this project. The ultimate aim is to attain a suitable strength on usage of recycled aggregates for rigid pavements in rural roads thus to implement cost effective nature and durability.
Keywords: sustainable development, rigid pavements, recycled aggregates etc..
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Performance evaluation of bituminous concrete incorporating crumb rubber and waste shredded thermoplastics
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 233
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE
INCORPORATING CRUMB RUBBER AND WASTE SHREDDED
THERMOPLASTICS
G.R.Harish1
, M.N.Shivakumar2
1
Post Graduate Student, 2
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur
gr.harish1@gmail.com, mnshivkumar@hotmail.com
Abstract
Increase in environmental concerns has been leading to develop innovative and eco-friendly ideas to re-use the waste byproducts from
industries and domestic use. Waste plastic and waste tyres/crumb rubber considered as solid waste in India which causes
environmental pollution. These wastes will be disposed by land filling and incineration which are hazardous. Plastic is user friendly
but not eco-friendly. In this present study waste plastic and crumb rubber has been used to modify the conventional bituminous mix.
This modifier raw-material has been sourced from disposed waste plastic and crumb rubber. This provides a solution towards
ecological menace posed by increased use of plastic. Incorporation of waste plastic which is mainly consists of LDPE had been done
by “dry process”; an in-situ process which can be practiced locally. In this process addition of plastic has been done by replacing
bitumen by percentage by weight in varying percentage. Marshall Method of bituminous mix design was carried out. Significant
improvement in properties like Marshall Stability, retained stability, indirect tensile strength has been observed in waste plastic
bituminous mix compared to conventional mix.
Keywords: waste thermoplastic, bituminous mix, Marshall Properties, ITS, retained stability
--------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
The growth in various types of industries together with
population growth has resulted in enormous increase in
production of various types of industrial and domestic waste
materials world over. Especially disposal of domestic solid
waste which mainly consists of polyethylene carry bags and
waste tires from automobiles which are non bio-degradable in
nature causes environmental problem. Plastic is user friendly
but not eco friendly. These waste materials are disposed by
either land filling or incineration. Both the process has certain
impact on environment, and to overcome these disposal
problems it is necessary to find the way for safe disposal of
these waste materials. Recycling is the common solution for
these disposal problems. Recent developments in technologies
and researches have been proving there are several successful
ways to re-use these so called waste materials. One of the
solutions is use of these waste materials in road construction.
Considerable research has been carried out to determine
suitability of these waste thermoplastics as a modifier in
construction of bituminous mixes [1-4]. The use of recycled
plastics composed predominantly of polypropylene and low
density polyethylene in plain bituminous mixtures increases
the durability and improved fatigue life[5]. The use of waste
polymeric packaging material in bituminous mix reduces the
rutting and low temperature cracking of pavement surface [6].
Previous investigation shown that waste thermoplastics and
copper slag can be use for low cost road construction [7] The
use of waste plastic and crumb rubber in flexible pavement
results in increasing strength up to 25%[8]. The performance
of thermoplastics modified bituminous concrete mix shows
less susceptible to deformation and improvements in stability,
ITS and retained stability of modified mix compared to the
conventional mix.
In this present study comparison has been drawn between the
properties of bituminous mix prepared by using penetration
grade 60/70 bitumen and commercially available crumb
rubber modified bitumen (CRMB55) and also the mix
modified by using waste thermoplastic by replacing some
percentage of bitumen by „dry process‟.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Materials
In this study 60/70 penetration grade bitumen and
commercially available crumb rubber modified bitumen
(CRMB55) from the local manufactures has been used and
their properties are given in Table 1 and Table 2.
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Table 1 Physical properties of 60/70 bitumen
Table 2 Physical properties of CRMB 55
Aggregate from local quarry (quartzite type) is used for the
preparation of bituminous mixes. The results of physical
properties of aggregates are given in Table 3.
Table 3 Physical properties of aggregate
Properties Test method Value
Impact value (%) IS:2386 Part 1V 25.05
Crushing value (%) IS:2386 Part 1V 22
Specific gravity IS:2386 Part 1V 2.665
Water Absorption IS:2386 Part 1V 0.3
Grading of aggregate as per Ministry of Road Transport and
Highways Specification (MoRT&H) for bituminous concrete
(Grading 2) The selected gradation and specification limits are
shown in Table 4 and Fig. 1.
Table 4 Aggregate Gradation as per MORT&H Specification
for Bituminous Concrete Mix (Grading-2)
Sieve size
(mm)
% passing
specified
% passing
adapted
19 100 100
13.2 79-100 89.8
9.5 70-88 72.7
4.75 53-71 68.8
2.36 42-58 56.9
1.18 34-48 40.8
0.6 26-38 27
0.3 18-28 19.8
0.15 12-20 12.7
0.075 04-10 9
Fig. 1 Gradation curve
For the present study different domestic plastic waste mostly
containing low density polyethylene, polyethylene
polypropylenes are used. The cleaned waste plastic shredded
to size 2.36 mm to 4.75 mm using shredding machine.
Properties Test method Value
Penetration (mm) IS:1203 67
Softening point 0C, R&B IS:1205 49
Ductility at 270 C, 5
cm/min
IS:1208 +75
Specific gravity IS:1208 1.03
Properties Test method Value
Penetration (mm) IS:1203 55
Softening point 0C, R&B IS:1205 55
Ductility at 270 C, 5 cm/min IS:1208 +100
Specific gravity IS:1208 1.02
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2.2 Methods
Bituminous mixes for this study were prepared in a mixing
pan. For preparation of mixes, aggregate was heated to 175°C
and bitumen to 160°C. Aggregate was taken in a pan and
requisite quantity of bitumen was then added to heated
aggregate and both the ingredients were mixed vigorously
using a spatula. For bituminous mix prepared using CRMB 55
binder as per IRC-SP-53-1999 the binder should be heated
to1700
-1800
C. In case of shredded waste thermoplastics
modified bitumen was replaced by shredded waste
thermoplastics was added to aggregate before mixes, some
percentage by weight of adding the bitumen at 175°C in and
mixed for not less than thirty seconds followed by addition of
bitumen heated to 165°C .
2.3 Testing of Mixes
The properties of Marshall Specimens as per MORT&H are
given in Table 5. For testing of stability, flow, indirect tensile
strength (ITS), marshall specimen of 101.3 mm diameter and
63.5 mm height using 75 blows on both sides were prepared
by standard rammer at 155°C as per procedure described in
ASTM D 1559. The optimum binder content for both mixes
are determined and the properties of mixture at OBC is given
in Table 6. The results of stability, flow, Marshall quotient
(stability/flow), indirect tensile strength (ITS) along with
methods of test adopted are given in Table 7. Volumetric and
engineering properties of mixes at varying shredded waste
thermoplastics content are given in Table 7. ITS and Retained
stability test was conducted on Marshall samples of
conventional bituminous mix as well as modified mixes at
25ºC.
Table 5 MORT&H Specification
Properties of Marshall Specimens Specification Limits
Marshall Stability value (kg) Min 900
Marshall Flow value (mm) 2-4
Air Voids in total mix (Va %) 3-6
Voids filled with Bitumen, (VFB %) 65-75
Voids in Mineral aggregate
(VMA%)
Min 14
Table 6 Properties of mixtures at OBC
Binder 60/70 CRMB 55
OBC 5.2 5.2
Density (gm/cc) 2.371 2.373
Va % 4 4
VFB % 16.11 16.04
VMA% 74.3 74.7
Flow (mm) 3.9 3.6
Stability (Kg) 1280 1350
Table 7 Volumetric and mechanical properties of mixes at varying waste thermoplastics content
Properties Method
Shredded waste thermoplastics (%)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Bulk density, g/cm3 ASTMD2726 2.372 2.371 2.37 2.371 2.374 2.373 2.372
Air voids, % ASTMD3203 ASTMD3203 4 4.13 4.16 4.13 4.01 4.15 4.08
voids in mineral aggregate ASTMD3203 16.06 16.1 16.13 16.1 16 16.12 16.06
Voids filled by bitumen, % ASTMD 3203 74.55 74.32 74.15 74.31 74.89 74.22 74.55
Marshall stability Kg, 60ºC ASTM D 1559 1277 1332 1369 1415 1480 1425 1406
Marshall flow, mm at 60ºC ASTMD 1559 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.9 4 4 4
Marshall quotient, kg/mm Stab/Flow 336 342 370 363 370 356 352
Indirect tensile strength, kg/cm2, at 25°C ASTM D 4867 9.63 9.04 9.34 10.03 10.53 9.93 9.73
Tensile strength Ratio ASTM D 1075 82 86 86 88 94 93 93
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2.4 Tensile Strength
The ITS test was performed by loading a Marshall specimen
with single compressive load, which act parallel to and along
vertical diametrical plane. This loading configuration develops
a relatively uniform tensile stress perpendicular to the
direction of the applied load along the vertical diametrical
plane, which ultimately causes the specimen to fail by splitting
along the vertical diameter. The load at failure was recorded
and the indirect tensile strength was calculated using
following equation:
dt
p
St
2
(1)
Where, p is load (kg), d is diameter of the specimen (cm) and t
is thickness of the specimen (cm).
2.5 Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) Test
The tensile strength ratio of asphalt mixes is an indicator of
their resistance to moisture susceptibility. The test was carried
out by loading a Marshall specimen with compressive load
acting parallel to and along the vertical diametric-loading
plane. The test was conducted at 25°C temperature and the
load at which the specimen fails is taken as the dry tensile
strength of the asphalt mix. The specimens were then placed in
a water bath maintained at 60°C for 24 h and then immediately
placed in an environmental chamber maintained at 25°C for
two hours. These conditioned specimens were then tested for
their tensile strength. The ratio of the tensile strength of the
water-conditioned specimens to that of dry specimens is the
tensile strength ratio.
2.6 Retained Stability
The Marshall Immersion test was done to evaluate the
resistance of mixtures against water. Specimens were made at
their optimum asphalt content and immersed in the water bath
for 24 hours at 600
C and some other specimens were
immersed in the water bath for 30 minutes at 600
C too. The
Index of Retained Strength (IRS) was then calculated using
equation:
100*
1
2
S
S
IRS (2)
Where;
S1= Marshall Stability for specimens immersed in water bath
for 30 minutes
S2 = Marshall Stability for specimens immersed in water bath
for 24 hours
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Thermal behavior of the waste thermoplastics in Table 5
shows the softening temp is about 120-1600
C and it doesn‟t
liberate any toxic gases in that temperature hence it can be
used . Marshall mix design was conducted on conventional
mixes to arrive optimum bitumen content using 60/70 bitumen
and CRMB 55. For the conventional mix using 60/70 bitumen,
optimum binder content obtained was about 5.2% and the
Marshall stability obtained for corresponding OBC were
12.8KN. For CRMB-55 mix the obtained OBC also 5.2%, but
there was an increase in Marshall stability from 12.8 to 13.5
KN compare to the conventional mix .also the Marshall flow
which indicates the deformation had been gone down to 3.6
mm from 3.9 mm and the remaining volumetric properties
were within the satisfactory range and it was given in Table 6.
Modification of bituminous mix was carried out by dry
process using shredded waste thermoplastics of size 4.75mm -
2.36mm. In this study some calculated percentage by weight
of bitumen was replaced by shredded waste thermoplastics
and optimum thermoplastics content was obtained which is
about 8 percentage weight of bitumen. The properties of waste
thermoplastics modified bituminous mix was given in Table 7.
The indirect tensile strength which indicates the moisture
susceptibility of the mix is higher in thermoplastics modified
mix compare to the other two mixes. The
thermoplastics/polymer modified mix by replacing 8% by
weight of total bitumen required showed the higher indirect
tensile strength ratio compare to the CRMB-55modified mix
which indicates the low moisture susceptibility to the water or
wet weather condition. The ITS ratio increased from 82 to 93
% compare to the min specified value 80%.
Retained stability test was done to evaluate the resistance of
mixtures against water. Thermoplastic modified mix showed
the higher stability compare to the other two mixes. The
retained stability indicates the strength of the mix which is
adversely soaked for about 24 hours. It is given in Table 8.
Table 8 Retained stability
Binder type
S1
(kg)
S2
(kg)
Retained
Stability
(%)
60/70 bitumen 1280 1080 84.4
CRMB 55 1350 1210 89.6
60/70
Bitumen+8%Thermoplastics
1480 1370 92.6
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[9]. Specifications for Road and Bridge Works, Ministry of
Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi, Fourth revision,
2001.
[10]. Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow of
Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus, ASTM D-
1559, vol 04.03 Road and Paving Materials.