DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.27
ABSTRACT- Contamination of soil by heavy metals is an ecological problem on a global level, this contamination
affects agricultural crops in the area concerned. In the present study, Copper, Zinc and Chromium being heavy metals
have been assessed for their injurious effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Trigonella foenum-graceum L.
solutions of the heavy metals were prepared in concentrations ranging from1,3,5,10,50,100,200,300,500ppm for irrigating
the seeds of the crop to be germinated in Petri-dishes for seven days. The young seedlings were studied for their response
based on seed vigour index, length of radicle, length of plumule and fresh weight against seeds germinated using distilled
water as control. It was observed that toxic effect of heavy metals on fenugreek growth was as follows: Cr>Cu>Zn on the
basis of a decrease in germination percentage and overall poor health of the seedling. Key-words- Chromium, Copper, Zinc, Germination, Trigonella foenum-graceum L., Toxicity
Plants response to high soil Zn availability. Feasibility of biotechnological...Silvana Torri
Como citar este trabajo
Torri S, Cabrera M, Torres- Duggan. 2013. Plants response to high soil Zn availability. Feasibility of biotechnological improvement. En: Biotechnologic Techniques of Stress in Plants, Editor: M. Miransari, Stadium Press LLC USA, ISBN : 1-62699-031-X, 101-118.
Abstract Heavy metal pollutants are mainly derived from growing number of
anthropogenic sources. As the environmental pollution with heavy metals increases,
some new technologies are being developed, one of these being phytoremediation.
Hyperaccumulator plant varieties can be achieved by using methods of genetic
engineering. An uptake of excessive amounts of heavy metals by plants from soil
solution leads to range of interactions at cellular level which produce toxic effects
on cell metabolism in terms of enzyme activity, protein structure, mineral nutrition,
water balance, respiration and ATP content, photosynthesis, growth and morphogenesis
and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).On the basis of accumulation
of heavy metals plants are divided into three main types; (i) the accumulator plants,
(ii) the indicator plants, and (iii) the excluder plants. Generally, the accumulation
of heavy metals in plant organ is in series root > leaves > stem > inflorescenc >
seed. Most of plants belong to excluder group and accumulate heavy metals in
their underground parts. When roots absorb heavy metals, they accumulate primarily
in rhizodermis and cortex. In intracellular parts, highest concentration of
heavy metals is found in cell wall. Tolerance of plants against heavy metals is due
to reduced uptake of heavy metals and increased plant internal sequestration. In the
increased plant internal sequestration mechanism, plant is manifested by interaction
between a genotype and its environment. There are biochemical machineries in
plants that work for tolerance and accumulation of heavy metals. Metal transporters
are involved in metal ion homeostasis and transportation. Some amino acids and
organic acids are ligands for heavy metals and these amino acids and organic acids
play an important role in tolerance and detoxification Phytochelatins (PCs) are produced
in plants under stress of heavy metals and play role in binding heavy metals
to complexes and salts and sequestering the compounds inside the cell so that heavy
metals can not disturb the cell metabolism. The genes for phytochelatin synthesis
have been isolated and characterized. Another low molecular weight (6–7 KDa)
cysteine-rich compounds known as metallothioneins (MTs) also play an important proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, often leading to alterations in cell structure and
mutagenesis. There are many potential sources of ROS in plants, in addition to those
that come from reactions involved in normal metabolism, such as photosynthesis
and respiration. The balance between the steady-state levels of different ROS are
determined by the interplay between different ROS-producing and ROS-scavenging
mechanisms. A variety of proteins function as scavengers of superoxide and hydrogen
peroxide. These include, among others, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase
(CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin, and
the peroxiredoxin family of protein. These protein antioxidants are supplemented
with a host of non-protein scavengers, including, but not limited to, intracellular
ascorbate and glutathione. The intoxication with some heavy metals induces oxidative
stress because they are involved in several different types of ROS-generating
mechanisms.
This seminar discussed molecular studies and breeding approaches for developing salt tolerance in rice. Salt tolerance is polygenic and several genes for tolerance have been identified. The seminar covered definitions of saline and sodic soils, objectives of developing salt tolerance, physiological and morphological effects of salt stress, conventional and molecular breeding methods used, and progress made in identifying quantitative trait loci and genes related to tolerance. Marker-assisted selection and genetic transformation techniques are being used in molecular breeding to develop elite salt tolerant rice varieties for release.
This article examines the potential of the plant Discaria americana (discaria) to stabilize metals in soils amended with biosolids or a mixture of biosolids and incinerated biosolids (ash-spiked biosolids, AB). Seed germination and root growth of discaria and ryegrass were tested using aqueous extracts of soils amended with increasing rates of biosolids or AB. Discaria showed lower relative seed germination than ryegrass, but its germination and root growth were not significantly inhibited by biosolids extracts, unlike ryegrass which was inhibited by the highest AB dose. Higher doses of biosolids even stimulated discaria germination and growth, suggesting discaria may
Micro organisms living in zinc contaminated soil - a reviewIOSR Journals
This document reviews microorganisms living in zinc contaminated soil. It discusses how zinc contamination affects soil microbial communities and activities. Higher zinc concentrations can inhibit microbial growth and reduce enzyme activity. However, some microorganisms have adapted to survive in zinc polluted soils. The document also examines how certain microorganisms like Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Aspergillus can help remove heavy metals from contaminated soils and have potential applications in bioremediation.
Heavy Metals in Irrigated Crops along Tatsawarki River in Kano, NigeriaIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
The document discusses the role of siderophores in plant pathogen interactions. It provides background on siderophores, their importance in microbial metabolism, types of siderophores produced by different organisms, and their mechanism of iron acquisition. It summarizes several case studies that demonstrate how siderophore-producing bacteria can be used for biocontrol of plant pathogens through competition for iron and activation of plant defense responses. Siderophores are shown to elicit plant defenses, modulate signaling pathways, and promote bacterial growth during infection.
Plants response to high soil Zn availability. Feasibility of biotechnological...Silvana Torri
Como citar este trabajo
Torri S, Cabrera M, Torres- Duggan. 2013. Plants response to high soil Zn availability. Feasibility of biotechnological improvement. En: Biotechnologic Techniques of Stress in Plants, Editor: M. Miransari, Stadium Press LLC USA, ISBN : 1-62699-031-X, 101-118.
Abstract Heavy metal pollutants are mainly derived from growing number of
anthropogenic sources. As the environmental pollution with heavy metals increases,
some new technologies are being developed, one of these being phytoremediation.
Hyperaccumulator plant varieties can be achieved by using methods of genetic
engineering. An uptake of excessive amounts of heavy metals by plants from soil
solution leads to range of interactions at cellular level which produce toxic effects
on cell metabolism in terms of enzyme activity, protein structure, mineral nutrition,
water balance, respiration and ATP content, photosynthesis, growth and morphogenesis
and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).On the basis of accumulation
of heavy metals plants are divided into three main types; (i) the accumulator plants,
(ii) the indicator plants, and (iii) the excluder plants. Generally, the accumulation
of heavy metals in plant organ is in series root > leaves > stem > inflorescenc >
seed. Most of plants belong to excluder group and accumulate heavy metals in
their underground parts. When roots absorb heavy metals, they accumulate primarily
in rhizodermis and cortex. In intracellular parts, highest concentration of
heavy metals is found in cell wall. Tolerance of plants against heavy metals is due
to reduced uptake of heavy metals and increased plant internal sequestration. In the
increased plant internal sequestration mechanism, plant is manifested by interaction
between a genotype and its environment. There are biochemical machineries in
plants that work for tolerance and accumulation of heavy metals. Metal transporters
are involved in metal ion homeostasis and transportation. Some amino acids and
organic acids are ligands for heavy metals and these amino acids and organic acids
play an important role in tolerance and detoxification Phytochelatins (PCs) are produced
in plants under stress of heavy metals and play role in binding heavy metals
to complexes and salts and sequestering the compounds inside the cell so that heavy
metals can not disturb the cell metabolism. The genes for phytochelatin synthesis
have been isolated and characterized. Another low molecular weight (6–7 KDa)
cysteine-rich compounds known as metallothioneins (MTs) also play an important proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, often leading to alterations in cell structure and
mutagenesis. There are many potential sources of ROS in plants, in addition to those
that come from reactions involved in normal metabolism, such as photosynthesis
and respiration. The balance between the steady-state levels of different ROS are
determined by the interplay between different ROS-producing and ROS-scavenging
mechanisms. A variety of proteins function as scavengers of superoxide and hydrogen
peroxide. These include, among others, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase
(CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin, and
the peroxiredoxin family of protein. These protein antioxidants are supplemented
with a host of non-protein scavengers, including, but not limited to, intracellular
ascorbate and glutathione. The intoxication with some heavy metals induces oxidative
stress because they are involved in several different types of ROS-generating
mechanisms.
This seminar discussed molecular studies and breeding approaches for developing salt tolerance in rice. Salt tolerance is polygenic and several genes for tolerance have been identified. The seminar covered definitions of saline and sodic soils, objectives of developing salt tolerance, physiological and morphological effects of salt stress, conventional and molecular breeding methods used, and progress made in identifying quantitative trait loci and genes related to tolerance. Marker-assisted selection and genetic transformation techniques are being used in molecular breeding to develop elite salt tolerant rice varieties for release.
This article examines the potential of the plant Discaria americana (discaria) to stabilize metals in soils amended with biosolids or a mixture of biosolids and incinerated biosolids (ash-spiked biosolids, AB). Seed germination and root growth of discaria and ryegrass were tested using aqueous extracts of soils amended with increasing rates of biosolids or AB. Discaria showed lower relative seed germination than ryegrass, but its germination and root growth were not significantly inhibited by biosolids extracts, unlike ryegrass which was inhibited by the highest AB dose. Higher doses of biosolids even stimulated discaria germination and growth, suggesting discaria may
Micro organisms living in zinc contaminated soil - a reviewIOSR Journals
This document reviews microorganisms living in zinc contaminated soil. It discusses how zinc contamination affects soil microbial communities and activities. Higher zinc concentrations can inhibit microbial growth and reduce enzyme activity. However, some microorganisms have adapted to survive in zinc polluted soils. The document also examines how certain microorganisms like Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Aspergillus can help remove heavy metals from contaminated soils and have potential applications in bioremediation.
Heavy Metals in Irrigated Crops along Tatsawarki River in Kano, NigeriaIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
The document discusses the role of siderophores in plant pathogen interactions. It provides background on siderophores, their importance in microbial metabolism, types of siderophores produced by different organisms, and their mechanism of iron acquisition. It summarizes several case studies that demonstrate how siderophore-producing bacteria can be used for biocontrol of plant pathogens through competition for iron and activation of plant defense responses. Siderophores are shown to elicit plant defenses, modulate signaling pathways, and promote bacterial growth during infection.
Rice is one of the most important cereal crops of developing countries and
the staple food of about 65% of the world’s population. The rice crops have been
greatly disturbed by the heavy metals. The present study deals with the toxic effect of
sodium arsenate on morphological and molecular variation through SDS
-
PAGE in 10
rice (
Oryza sativa
L.) varieties. Ten varieties of rice were grown under different
concentration (25 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm) of sodium arsenate against control.
Morphological parameters like shoot length, root length, leaf area and biomass
showed marked differences among ten rice varieties. The proteins were separated
through SDS
-
PAGE gel electrophoresis and calculated their molecular weight. The
morphological and molecular variations induced in rice varieties by arsenic stress
provide a new insight leading to a better understanding of the heavy metal response
in plants.
Rice is one of the most important cereal crops of developing countries and the staple food of about 65% of the world’s population. The rice crops have been greatly disturbed by the heavy metals. The present study deals with the toxic effect of sodium arsenate on morphological and molecular variation through SDS-PAGE in 10 rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. Ten varieties of rice were grown under different concentration (25 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm) of sodium arsenate against control. Morphological parameters like shoot length, root length, leaf area and biomass showed marked differences among ten rice varieties. The proteins were separated through SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and calculated their molecular weight. The morphological and molecular variations induced in rice varieties by arsenic stress provide a new insight leading to a better understanding of the heavy metal response in plants.
Article Citation:
John De Britto R, Mary Sujin R, Steena Roshan Sebastian and Dharmar K.
Toxic effect of arsenic on ten rice varieties.
Journal of Research in Agriculture (2011) 1(1): 011-016.
Full Text:
http://www.jagri.info/documents/AG0003.pdf
This document summarizes the toxicity of aluminum and cadmium in acid soils. It discusses how aluminum becomes soluble in acid soils below pH 5 and inhibits root growth. Aluminum binds to cell walls and membranes, disrupting nutrient transport. Plants have developed mechanisms to exclude or tolerate aluminum, such as releasing organic acids. Cadmium also inhibits plant growth and is mobile in soils. It accumulates more in roots than shoots and can cause oxidative stress. Plants detoxify cadmium by producing phytochelatins that bind it and transport it to vacuoles.
The Role of Micronutrients in Crop GrowthNualgi.org
This document summarizes micronutrient deficiencies in soils and crops in Pakistan and their effects on human health. It discusses that zinc, boron, and iron deficiencies are widespread in Pakistani soils, affecting many field and horticultural crops. Approximately 70% of Pakistani soils are deficient in zinc. These deficiencies are reducing crop yields and nutritional quality. Additionally, the low micronutrient contents of crops in Pakistan's cereal-based diets are posing health risks. Addressing micronutrient deficiencies through fertilizer use, biofortification of crops, and other agricultural strategies can improve both crop production and human health.
Physiological and molecular bases of drought tolerance in cucurbits (f. cucur...Mohamed Farag
This document summarizes research on drought tolerance in cucurbit plants. It begins by providing background on important cucurbit species and international production levels. It then discusses the physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance, including drought escape, avoidance, and tolerance. Effects of drought stress on cucurbit growth and metabolism are outlined. The document also summarizes breeding and transgenic approaches for improving drought resistance in cucurbits, including a case study on screening a watermelon germplasm collection for drought tolerance. Finally, it describes the isolation and characterization of a respiratory burst oxidase gene involved in the drought response of wild watermelon.
research into micronutrients and their need for North Dakota crops. This presentation was not given at conference due to time, but a handout was provided.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
1) A study identified a stay-green mutant in rice using chemical mutagenesis. The mutant showed delayed leaf senescence and maintained chlorophyll levels and photosynthetic rates longer than the wild type.
2) Genetic analysis found the trait was recessive and mapped to chromosome 9 between two markers.
3) A separate study used RNA interference to knock down the Medicago truncatula stay-green gene, producing a stay-green phenotype. Electron microscopy showed less chloroplast degradation in the mutant during induced senescence.
Fate and Mobility of Glyphosate Leachate in Palestinian Soil Using SoilMarwan Haddad
This document summarizes a study on the fate and mobility of glyphosate leachate in Palestinian soil using soil column experiments. The key findings are:
1) Using column studies, the amount of glyphosate in soil decreases with increasing soil depth, with the highest levels found in the 0-30cm layer.
2) Increasing the concentration of glyphosate applied also increases the amount of glyphosate found in leachate, with 25x concentration having the highest levels.
3) The behavior of glyphosate leachate fits first-order reaction kinetics and adsorption isotherm models, indicating glyphosate adsorbs well to soil.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the tolerance potential of different Aspergillus species to heavy metals. Soil samples were collected from agricultural areas irrigated with contaminated water near Kasur, Pakistan. Fungi were isolated from the soil and identified as Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. The tolerance of these fungi was tested by measuring growth in the presence of varying concentrations of chromium and lead. Results showed variation in tolerance levels between fungal isolates, with some being tolerant, moderately tolerant, or sensitive. The soil was also analyzed to determine heavy metal contamination levels.
Interactive Role of Brassinosteroids and Calcium Ameliorates in Response to t...ijtsrd
Aluminum toxicity is considered one of the major growth limiting factors for crop production on acid soils worldwide, and pose a major challenge to agriculture sustainability. At low pH, the most toxic form of Al 3 is released into the soil and causes extensive damage to plants, especially in the root. To develop high tolerance against Al toxicity is the prime concern of plant science. Research has reported that the Brassinosteroids play a diverse role in plant growth, development and stress response. Although the BRs have been exhaustively studied, a comprehensive overview of the manner in which BRs participate in calcium signaling pathways under Al toxicity and regulating plant Al tolerance has not yet been undertaken. In this article, we highlight the interactive role of BRs and Ca, regulating plant growth at the physiological, biological and molecular level, focusing mainly on the BRs induced Ca signaling participate in regulating reactive oxygen species suggesting an elevation in ROS generation confer plant Al resistance. Significantly, this review addresses the current, albeit partially understood, emerging aspects on i Al induced physiological, biochemical, and genotoxic mechanism and responses in plants and ii the role of BRs and Ca in the modulation of Al induced toxicity in plants. These finding might provide further potential for the relevance of BRs and Ca in phytoremediation and Al detoxification in crops. Sadia Ashraf | S. Dixit | Pramod W. Ramteke | Ahsan Z. Rizvi "Interactive Role of Brassinosteroids and Calcium Ameliorates in Response to the Aluminium Toxicity in Plants" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25237.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/25237/interactive-role-of-brassinosteroids-and-calcium-ameliorates-in-response-to-the-aluminium-toxicity-in-plants/sadia-ashraf
Abiotic stress management for sustainable agriculturejayanta thokdar
Stress is an adverse force or a condition, which inhibits normal functioning in plants. An average of 50% yield losses in agricultural crops are caused by abiotic factors. To attain sustainability various crop management and breeding methods are employed to reduce impact of stress. Understand more about abiotic stress not only change our understanding of current environment, but also bring a plenty of benefits like improving sustainable agriculture and human beings living standards.
Zinc is an essential micronutrient for plant growth that acts as a cofactor for enzymes and supports protein metabolism, auxin synthesis, and membrane integrity. It is taken up primarily as Zn2+ and is partially mobile within plants. Zinc deficiency causes symptoms like chlorosis, necrosis, stunted growth, and reduced yields in many crops. Optimal zinc concentrations in soil range from 25-100 ppm. Zinc interacts with other nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur and can alleviate toxicity of boron and iron under some conditions. Fertilizer application is important to remedy zinc deficiency and improve crop production worldwide.
Heavy metals like cadmium, chromium, copper, and aluminum can contaminate soil through industrial and urban pollution. When present in excess, these metals can be toxic to plants, inhibiting root growth and photosynthesis. Plants have developed tolerance mechanisms like secreting organic acids to chelate metals in the soil or accumulating metals intracellularly bound to organic acids. The root is the primary entry point for metals into plants, and their translocation to shoots depends on factors like bioavailability, competing nutrients, and complexation within roots. [/SUMMARY]
Regulation of Seed Germination and the Role of Aquaporins under Abiotic StressIJEAB
This document discusses a study on the role of aquaporins in regulating seed germination and seedling growth under abiotic stress conditions. The study found that:
1. Mercury (HgCl2) inhibited seed germination and seedling growth in a concentration-dependent manner by blocking aquaporin function. This inhibitory effect could be reversed by co-treatment with dithiothreitol or β-mercaptoethanol.
2. Expression of two pea aquaporin genes, PsPIP1;2 and PsTIP1;1, was differentially regulated in seedling tissues under salt (NaCl) and heavy metal (Hg, Zn) stress, indicating their involvement in the response to
This case study investigated the genetics of aluminium tolerance in lentil. Two lentil genotypes (L-7903 and L-4602) showed tolerance based on root regrowth in a hydroponic assay with aluminium, while two other genotypes (BM-4 and L-4147) were sensitive. A staining assay also showed less aluminium accumulation in the tolerant genotypes. Segregation analysis of crosses between tolerant and sensitive genotypes found a 3:1 ratio in F2 and 1:1 ratio in backcrosses, indicating monogenic inheritance of aluminium tolerance.
Copper is an essential micronutrient for plants but can be toxic at high concentrations. This study investigated the effects of copper stress on the growth of 10 rice cultivars. Seedlings were treated with 150μM copper sulfate for 48 hours. Copper caused a reduction in root and shoot growth in most cultivars. The cultivar Amu Sali showed the most sensitivity, with discoloration of leaves and reductions in root length over 20%, shoot length over 25%, and root dry mass over 26%. However, a few cultivars, such as Gagli Boro and Bishnu Jyoti, exhibited increased shoot length and total dry mass under copper stress. The results indicate variation in
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
A study on physiological, anatomical characterization of selected carrot plan...Innspub Net
Carrots were first used for medical purposes and gradually used as food. It is also a good source of magnesium and manganese. Cadmium is a nonessential element that adversely affects plant growth and development. It is considered as one of the significant pollutants due to its high toxicity and more solubility in water. Experiment was conducted in Old Botanical Garden of University of Agriculture Faisalabad to check the response of carrot genotypes grown under Cadmium Chloride stress (0µM, 10µM, 15µM and 20µM). Variety of carrot (gajar) used was Red Gold. Seeds were sown in 12 pots, which were filled with sand, in 2nd week of November. Germination observed after one week of sowing. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Seeds of carrot (red gold) were purchased from Ayyub Agriculture Research Institute (AARI) Faisalabad and sown directly in the plastic pot. 8 seeds per pot were distributed. Hogland solution was also applied to replicates and then I applied Cadmium Chloride stress to the plants to start my experiment. Cadmium stress decreased the uptake and distribution of essential elements in plant. Studies had revealed that heavy metals cause adverse effects on plant growth, which further lead to decrease plant yield and inhibition of enzymatic activities.In the present study, plant growth characteristics, root length and shoot length decreased under Cd stress. In fact, salt stress decreased all attributes in carrot when the concentrations of Cadmium chloride increased higher and higher.
Cd cr y pb on growth and uptake in typha annotatedRenato Oquendo
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of chromium, cadmium, and lead on the growth, metal uptake, and antioxidant capacity of Typha angustifolia (narrow-leaved cattail). The study found that T. angustifolia showed high tolerance to 1 mM concentrations of Cr, Cd, and Pb with no visible toxicity symptoms. Exposure to Cd and Pb increased plant height and biomass, especially in Pb treatment. Cr, Cd, and Pb uptake increased along with increased uptake of nutrients like Ca and Fe. Antioxidant enzyme activities like SOD, POD, CAT, APX, and GPX increased in response to Cr, Cd, and Pb stress
Rice is one of the most important cereal crops of developing countries and
the staple food of about 65% of the world’s population. The rice crops have been
greatly disturbed by the heavy metals. The present study deals with the toxic effect of
sodium arsenate on morphological and molecular variation through SDS
-
PAGE in 10
rice (
Oryza sativa
L.) varieties. Ten varieties of rice were grown under different
concentration (25 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm) of sodium arsenate against control.
Morphological parameters like shoot length, root length, leaf area and biomass
showed marked differences among ten rice varieties. The proteins were separated
through SDS
-
PAGE gel electrophoresis and calculated their molecular weight. The
morphological and molecular variations induced in rice varieties by arsenic stress
provide a new insight leading to a better understanding of the heavy metal response
in plants.
Rice is one of the most important cereal crops of developing countries and the staple food of about 65% of the world’s population. The rice crops have been greatly disturbed by the heavy metals. The present study deals with the toxic effect of sodium arsenate on morphological and molecular variation through SDS-PAGE in 10 rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. Ten varieties of rice were grown under different concentration (25 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm) of sodium arsenate against control. Morphological parameters like shoot length, root length, leaf area and biomass showed marked differences among ten rice varieties. The proteins were separated through SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and calculated their molecular weight. The morphological and molecular variations induced in rice varieties by arsenic stress provide a new insight leading to a better understanding of the heavy metal response in plants.
Article Citation:
John De Britto R, Mary Sujin R, Steena Roshan Sebastian and Dharmar K.
Toxic effect of arsenic on ten rice varieties.
Journal of Research in Agriculture (2011) 1(1): 011-016.
Full Text:
http://www.jagri.info/documents/AG0003.pdf
This document summarizes the toxicity of aluminum and cadmium in acid soils. It discusses how aluminum becomes soluble in acid soils below pH 5 and inhibits root growth. Aluminum binds to cell walls and membranes, disrupting nutrient transport. Plants have developed mechanisms to exclude or tolerate aluminum, such as releasing organic acids. Cadmium also inhibits plant growth and is mobile in soils. It accumulates more in roots than shoots and can cause oxidative stress. Plants detoxify cadmium by producing phytochelatins that bind it and transport it to vacuoles.
The Role of Micronutrients in Crop GrowthNualgi.org
This document summarizes micronutrient deficiencies in soils and crops in Pakistan and their effects on human health. It discusses that zinc, boron, and iron deficiencies are widespread in Pakistani soils, affecting many field and horticultural crops. Approximately 70% of Pakistani soils are deficient in zinc. These deficiencies are reducing crop yields and nutritional quality. Additionally, the low micronutrient contents of crops in Pakistan's cereal-based diets are posing health risks. Addressing micronutrient deficiencies through fertilizer use, biofortification of crops, and other agricultural strategies can improve both crop production and human health.
Physiological and molecular bases of drought tolerance in cucurbits (f. cucur...Mohamed Farag
This document summarizes research on drought tolerance in cucurbit plants. It begins by providing background on important cucurbit species and international production levels. It then discusses the physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance, including drought escape, avoidance, and tolerance. Effects of drought stress on cucurbit growth and metabolism are outlined. The document also summarizes breeding and transgenic approaches for improving drought resistance in cucurbits, including a case study on screening a watermelon germplasm collection for drought tolerance. Finally, it describes the isolation and characterization of a respiratory burst oxidase gene involved in the drought response of wild watermelon.
research into micronutrients and their need for North Dakota crops. This presentation was not given at conference due to time, but a handout was provided.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
1) A study identified a stay-green mutant in rice using chemical mutagenesis. The mutant showed delayed leaf senescence and maintained chlorophyll levels and photosynthetic rates longer than the wild type.
2) Genetic analysis found the trait was recessive and mapped to chromosome 9 between two markers.
3) A separate study used RNA interference to knock down the Medicago truncatula stay-green gene, producing a stay-green phenotype. Electron microscopy showed less chloroplast degradation in the mutant during induced senescence.
Fate and Mobility of Glyphosate Leachate in Palestinian Soil Using SoilMarwan Haddad
This document summarizes a study on the fate and mobility of glyphosate leachate in Palestinian soil using soil column experiments. The key findings are:
1) Using column studies, the amount of glyphosate in soil decreases with increasing soil depth, with the highest levels found in the 0-30cm layer.
2) Increasing the concentration of glyphosate applied also increases the amount of glyphosate found in leachate, with 25x concentration having the highest levels.
3) The behavior of glyphosate leachate fits first-order reaction kinetics and adsorption isotherm models, indicating glyphosate adsorbs well to soil.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the tolerance potential of different Aspergillus species to heavy metals. Soil samples were collected from agricultural areas irrigated with contaminated water near Kasur, Pakistan. Fungi were isolated from the soil and identified as Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. The tolerance of these fungi was tested by measuring growth in the presence of varying concentrations of chromium and lead. Results showed variation in tolerance levels between fungal isolates, with some being tolerant, moderately tolerant, or sensitive. The soil was also analyzed to determine heavy metal contamination levels.
Interactive Role of Brassinosteroids and Calcium Ameliorates in Response to t...ijtsrd
Aluminum toxicity is considered one of the major growth limiting factors for crop production on acid soils worldwide, and pose a major challenge to agriculture sustainability. At low pH, the most toxic form of Al 3 is released into the soil and causes extensive damage to plants, especially in the root. To develop high tolerance against Al toxicity is the prime concern of plant science. Research has reported that the Brassinosteroids play a diverse role in plant growth, development and stress response. Although the BRs have been exhaustively studied, a comprehensive overview of the manner in which BRs participate in calcium signaling pathways under Al toxicity and regulating plant Al tolerance has not yet been undertaken. In this article, we highlight the interactive role of BRs and Ca, regulating plant growth at the physiological, biological and molecular level, focusing mainly on the BRs induced Ca signaling participate in regulating reactive oxygen species suggesting an elevation in ROS generation confer plant Al resistance. Significantly, this review addresses the current, albeit partially understood, emerging aspects on i Al induced physiological, biochemical, and genotoxic mechanism and responses in plants and ii the role of BRs and Ca in the modulation of Al induced toxicity in plants. These finding might provide further potential for the relevance of BRs and Ca in phytoremediation and Al detoxification in crops. Sadia Ashraf | S. Dixit | Pramod W. Ramteke | Ahsan Z. Rizvi "Interactive Role of Brassinosteroids and Calcium Ameliorates in Response to the Aluminium Toxicity in Plants" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25237.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/25237/interactive-role-of-brassinosteroids-and-calcium-ameliorates-in-response-to-the-aluminium-toxicity-in-plants/sadia-ashraf
Abiotic stress management for sustainable agriculturejayanta thokdar
Stress is an adverse force or a condition, which inhibits normal functioning in plants. An average of 50% yield losses in agricultural crops are caused by abiotic factors. To attain sustainability various crop management and breeding methods are employed to reduce impact of stress. Understand more about abiotic stress not only change our understanding of current environment, but also bring a plenty of benefits like improving sustainable agriculture and human beings living standards.
Zinc is an essential micronutrient for plant growth that acts as a cofactor for enzymes and supports protein metabolism, auxin synthesis, and membrane integrity. It is taken up primarily as Zn2+ and is partially mobile within plants. Zinc deficiency causes symptoms like chlorosis, necrosis, stunted growth, and reduced yields in many crops. Optimal zinc concentrations in soil range from 25-100 ppm. Zinc interacts with other nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur and can alleviate toxicity of boron and iron under some conditions. Fertilizer application is important to remedy zinc deficiency and improve crop production worldwide.
Heavy metals like cadmium, chromium, copper, and aluminum can contaminate soil through industrial and urban pollution. When present in excess, these metals can be toxic to plants, inhibiting root growth and photosynthesis. Plants have developed tolerance mechanisms like secreting organic acids to chelate metals in the soil or accumulating metals intracellularly bound to organic acids. The root is the primary entry point for metals into plants, and their translocation to shoots depends on factors like bioavailability, competing nutrients, and complexation within roots. [/SUMMARY]
Regulation of Seed Germination and the Role of Aquaporins under Abiotic StressIJEAB
This document discusses a study on the role of aquaporins in regulating seed germination and seedling growth under abiotic stress conditions. The study found that:
1. Mercury (HgCl2) inhibited seed germination and seedling growth in a concentration-dependent manner by blocking aquaporin function. This inhibitory effect could be reversed by co-treatment with dithiothreitol or β-mercaptoethanol.
2. Expression of two pea aquaporin genes, PsPIP1;2 and PsTIP1;1, was differentially regulated in seedling tissues under salt (NaCl) and heavy metal (Hg, Zn) stress, indicating their involvement in the response to
This case study investigated the genetics of aluminium tolerance in lentil. Two lentil genotypes (L-7903 and L-4602) showed tolerance based on root regrowth in a hydroponic assay with aluminium, while two other genotypes (BM-4 and L-4147) were sensitive. A staining assay also showed less aluminium accumulation in the tolerant genotypes. Segregation analysis of crosses between tolerant and sensitive genotypes found a 3:1 ratio in F2 and 1:1 ratio in backcrosses, indicating monogenic inheritance of aluminium tolerance.
Copper is an essential micronutrient for plants but can be toxic at high concentrations. This study investigated the effects of copper stress on the growth of 10 rice cultivars. Seedlings were treated with 150μM copper sulfate for 48 hours. Copper caused a reduction in root and shoot growth in most cultivars. The cultivar Amu Sali showed the most sensitivity, with discoloration of leaves and reductions in root length over 20%, shoot length over 25%, and root dry mass over 26%. However, a few cultivars, such as Gagli Boro and Bishnu Jyoti, exhibited increased shoot length and total dry mass under copper stress. The results indicate variation in
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
A study on physiological, anatomical characterization of selected carrot plan...Innspub Net
Carrots were first used for medical purposes and gradually used as food. It is also a good source of magnesium and manganese. Cadmium is a nonessential element that adversely affects plant growth and development. It is considered as one of the significant pollutants due to its high toxicity and more solubility in water. Experiment was conducted in Old Botanical Garden of University of Agriculture Faisalabad to check the response of carrot genotypes grown under Cadmium Chloride stress (0µM, 10µM, 15µM and 20µM). Variety of carrot (gajar) used was Red Gold. Seeds were sown in 12 pots, which were filled with sand, in 2nd week of November. Germination observed after one week of sowing. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Seeds of carrot (red gold) were purchased from Ayyub Agriculture Research Institute (AARI) Faisalabad and sown directly in the plastic pot. 8 seeds per pot were distributed. Hogland solution was also applied to replicates and then I applied Cadmium Chloride stress to the plants to start my experiment. Cadmium stress decreased the uptake and distribution of essential elements in plant. Studies had revealed that heavy metals cause adverse effects on plant growth, which further lead to decrease plant yield and inhibition of enzymatic activities.In the present study, plant growth characteristics, root length and shoot length decreased under Cd stress. In fact, salt stress decreased all attributes in carrot when the concentrations of Cadmium chloride increased higher and higher.
Cd cr y pb on growth and uptake in typha annotatedRenato Oquendo
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of chromium, cadmium, and lead on the growth, metal uptake, and antioxidant capacity of Typha angustifolia (narrow-leaved cattail). The study found that T. angustifolia showed high tolerance to 1 mM concentrations of Cr, Cd, and Pb with no visible toxicity symptoms. Exposure to Cd and Pb increased plant height and biomass, especially in Pb treatment. Cr, Cd, and Pb uptake increased along with increased uptake of nutrients like Ca and Fe. Antioxidant enzyme activities like SOD, POD, CAT, APX, and GPX increased in response to Cr, Cd, and Pb stress
A heavy metal is toxic when relatively it is dense metal or metalloid that is noted for its potential toxicity, especially in environmental contexts.
Heavy metal toxicity means excess of required concentration or it is unwanted which were found naturally on the earth, and become concentrated as a result of human caused activities.
Then enter in plant, animal and human tissues via inhalation, diet and manual handling, and can bind to, and interfere with the functioning of vital cellular components.
This article examines the potential of the plant species Discaria americana (discaria) to stabilize metals in soils amended with biosolids or a mixture of biosolids and incinerated biosolids (ash-spiked biosolids, AB). Seed germination and root growth of discaria and ryegrass were tested using aqueous extracts of soils amended with increasing rates of biosolids or AB. Discaria showed lower relative seed germination than ryegrass, but its germination and root growth were not significantly inhibited by biosolids extracts, unlike ryegrass which was inhibited by the highest AB dose. Higher doses of biosolids even stimulated discaria germination and growth, suggesting discaria
4 ijhaf feb-2018-2-effects of cd on microbial propertiesAI Publications
Plants have mechanisms for accumulation, tolerance or alleviation of high levels of heavy metals in contaminated soil. Some contaminants can be absorbed by the plants and are then broken down by plant enzymes. The objective of this particular study was measure the potential activities of three enzymes (dehydrogenase, protease and phosphatase) in the alfalfa rhizospheres under the stress at different concentrations of cadmium salts, and inoculated different biofertilizers strains of S. meliloti and coinoculated with Trichoderma strains. As well as pH, NaCl, CaCO3 tolerance and antibiotic resistance were investigated. The results show that the growth rate of sinorhizobial strains decreased with increasing of NaCl and CaCO3 concentration. Sinorhizobial strains grew in environments of pH ranged between5.5-7.5. There was variable response to antibiotic of all sinorhizobial strains. As well it was clearly showed that Cdso4 reduced the activity of phosphatase. Trichoderma harzianum stimulate the enzyme activity more than Trichoderma viride.
Mrs Eka Kokadir is a retiree and avid gardener in Melbourne, Australia.
Mrs Kokadir enjoys gardening in her backyard and sharing about beautiful wildflowers for fellow gardeners.
Effects of heavy metals' toxicity on plants and enhancement of plant defense ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Today’s [e.g., “heavy metals (HMs)”] caused by anthropogenic activities have negative impacts on our environment and food productions. HMs can be classified as either essential or nonessential. A trace of essential HMs, such as Cu, Mo, and Zn, can be necessary for plant metabolism, but excess of them can harm the plant growth and development. Nonessential HMs, however, are toxic for plant metabolism and have damaging effects on enzyme activity, photosynthetic properties, cell membrane, permeability and eventually plant growth. Plants with avoidance and tolerance against stress could manage extreme HM stress in soils so that with special mechanisms, such as specific translation and metal accumulation, can elevate abiotic and biotic stress in plants. Moreover, in cells with mechanisms such as [e.g., “Metallothionein (MTs)”] (metal binding proteins) or [e.g., “Phytochelatin (PCs)”] storage and crystallization could reduce the HM stress in the cell wall, plasma membrane, cytosol, tonoplast and vacuoles. Meanwhile, the role of Si-mediation in detoxification of HMs is so bold. Si-mediation with increasing antioxidant, reducing lipid peroxidation, and increasing efficiency of photosynthetic properties elevates the HMs and other biotic and abiotic stresses in plants.
Salt stressRole of Organelle Membranes in Salt Stress Sensing and Signalling ...Suresh Antre
Soil salinity is a major environmental constraint to crop production, affecting an estimated 45 million hectares of irrigated land, and is expected to increase due to global climate changes and as a consequence of many irrigation practices. The deleterious effects of salt stress on agricultural yield are significant, mainly because crops exhibit slower growth rates, reduced tillering and, over months, reproductive development is affected.
Heavy Metal Stress and its coping mecganism..pptxInam UL Haq Syed
Heavy metal stress causes a reduction in molecular oxygen and releases highly reactive intermediate products such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals known as reactive oxygen species.
Removal of lead and oil hydrocarbon from oil refining contaminated wastewater...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the potential of three Pseudomonas bacterial species (P. florescence, P. paucimobilis, and Pseudomonas sp.) to remove lead and crude oil from wastewater from an oil refinery in Alexandria, Egypt. The study tested different bacteria to wastewater ratios in batch experiments and measured the removal efficiency of lead, oil, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results showed high removal efficiency of lead (over 90%) and oil (56.8-68.8%) and partial removal of COD and BOD. P. florescence was the most effective and a bacteria to wastewater ratio of
Removal of lead and oil hydrocarbon from oil refining contaminated wastewater...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the potential of three Pseudomonas bacterial species (P. florescence, P. paucimobilis, and Pseudomonas sp.) to remove lead and crude oil from wastewater from an oil refinery in Alexandria, Egypt. The study found high removal efficiencies for lead (over 90%) and oil (56.8-68.8%) when treating wastewater in batches with different bacteria to wastewater ratios. P. florescence was the most effective at removing contaminants. The optimal ratio was 1:2 bacteria to wastewater. The study recommends using Pseudomonas bacteria, especially P. florescence, for bioremediation
This document summarizes a seminar on soil micronutrients. It defines micronutrients as essential nutrients needed by plants and microorganisms in small quantities. The 8 main micronutrients are iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum, nickel and chlorine. The document outlines the functions and deficiency symptoms of each micronutrient. It also discusses sources of micronutrients in soil, the forms absorbed by plants, typical amounts found in soil and plants, and examples of micronutrient toxicity symptoms. The conclusion emphasizes factors influencing micronutrient availability and the importance of balanced fertilization.
Phytochemical and Heavy Metal Analysis of Gongronema Latifolium, Talinum Tri...Scientific Review SR
This document analyzes the heavy metal content and phytochemical composition of three edible plant species (Gongronema latifolium, Talinum triangulare, and Amaranthus hybridus) grown in southern Nigeria. Soil and plant samples were collected from five locations and analyzed for heavy metals (Zn, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, Hg) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The plants were also analyzed for phytochemicals including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and steroids. The results showed zinc had the highest concentration in soil samples, while mercury was lowest. Lead concentration in some plant samples exceeded
Impact of Bioengineered Copper Quantum Dots on Germination, Photosynthetic Pi...RahulGupta2015
Cycles of light/ dark play a vital role in physiology/growth of plants by triggering different metabolic responses. Plants not only sense the commencement of dark stress environment but also utilize it for coordinating growth phenomenon. Likewise, copper as a vital micronutrient is needed by plants for mitochondrial respiration, antioxidant activity and so on. Currently, copper nanoparticles are receiving huge consideration owing to their economical, easier availability and so on. The present study examined the impacts of bioengineered copper quantum dots (Cu-QDs) in the range of 100-900 ppm on the seed germination, photosynthetic pigment as well as antioxidant response of darks stress environment exposed chick-pea (Cicer arietinum L.). The supplementation of 500-700 ppm Cu-QDs for 72 h under dark stress was significantly found to boost the germination of chick-pea seeds over control (that lacking Cu-QDs treatment). The photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid) of dark and 600-700 ppm Cu-QDs treated chick-pea seedlings were also enhanced substantially over control. However, under the dark stress environment with the supplementation of 600-700 ppm Cu-QDs, the chick-pea seedlings recorded minimum antioxidant responses of reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase compared to control. These results indicate the role of Cu-QDs as scavenging agent for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overall, this investigation could be exploited to boost chick-pea seeds efficiency towards germination/ crop production during low-light intensity/ dark stress environment.
Manganese from Soil to Silk in Tasar Silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury and It...BRNSS Publication Hub
An investigation on the status of available manganese in soil and its content in a leaf of the host plant, larva, pupa, excreta, and cocoon shell of Tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury was undertaken to study the dynamics and impact of consumption of manganese in cocoon production. Availabilities of Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn in the soil of Tasar rearing plot at Nagri, Ranchi was found as 82.79 ± 9.78 mg/kg, 23.32 ± 2.96 mg/kg, 0.83 ± 0.202 mg/kg, and 0.68 ± 0.097 mg/kg, respectively. Manganese is adequately available in the soil, but its contents in leaf, larva, litter, pupa, and cocoon shell vary remarkably. The content of manganese in the leaf of Terminalia tomentosa was found in the range of 50–100 ppm which was optimum for the success of the crop. Excess consumption of Mn by the larva of Tasar silkworm resulted in the failure of the crop yielding 2 cocoons/dfl when reared on Shorea robusta which has Mn content in the range of 353 ppm–2543 ppm. Daily requirement of manganese in optimum level for healthy development of Tasar silkworm larva of Daba bivoltine Eco Race was calculated to be in the range of 0.007–0.035, 0.018–0.36, 0.045–0.090, 0.099–0.198, and 0.354–0.708 mg for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th instars, respectively. Manganese content in a leaf of Shorea robusta (Sal) indicated that its translocation capacity compared to Terminalia arjuna (Arjun) and T. tomentosa (Asan) is very high which is detrimental for the health of Tasar silkworm of Daba bivoltine Eco Race.
Similar to Effect of Heavy Metals on Seed Germination of Trigonella foenum-graceum L. (20)
Background: Cancer is a disease caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread into the surrounding tissue. Changes to DNA cause cancer. It is one of the most common and largest killer diseases in the world. It usually affects physically, and the disease can alter one’s perspective on life and personality. Many treatment options are there to treat cancer. Among them, chemotherapy treatment may have more side effects like lethargy, esophagitis, nausea, vomiting, Fatigue, and insomnia, the most common problems among chemotherapy patients in India. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a sample size of 60, out of which 30 subjects were in the experimental group and 30 were in the control group. A convenient sampling method was used to select the subjects. A structured questionnaire tool was used to collect the data. Result: The result of the study showed that, during pre-test in the study group, among 30 subjects 3(10%) had moderate Fatigue, 22(73.33%) had severe Fatigue, 5(16.67%) had worst Fatigue and 12(40%) had moderate insomnia, 18(60%) had severe insomnia and in control group among 30 subjects, 6(20%) had moderate Fatigue, 13(43.33%) had severe Fatigue, 11(36.67%) had a worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. With post-test, in experimental group, 14(46.67%) had no fatigue, 16(53.33%) had mild fatigue, 14(46.67%) had no insomnia, 16(53.33%) had mild insomnia, and in control group, 6(20%) had moderate fatigue, 13(43.33%) had extreme fatigue, 11(36.67%) had worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. Conclusion: The study concluded that clients who were receiving chemotherapy had fatigue and insomnia problems. The Warm water foot bath therapy is very effective in clients undergoing chemotherapy in reducing Fatigue and insomnia. A positive correlation between pre-test and post-test was found by using the Mann-Whitney test.
Key-words: Cancer, Chemotherapy, Foot bath, Health, Warm water
Background: Alcohol has long been a global social and medical issue. According to W.H.O report. Total 3.3 million people die from
alcohol abuse annually. Alcoholic liver disease (A.L.D.) ranges from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Chronic heavy drinkers get hepatitis
or cirrhosis 15 20% of the time
Methods: This study was c onducted in the general medicine inpatient department at PGIMER & C . in Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
Indi a. All hospitali z ed patients with liver illness who had previously t aken alcohol were screened. Each patient's alcohol
consumption, including native alcoholic beverages, was recorded. To support the diagnosis, all standard and extra examination s
were carri ed out. The modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to determine s s ocioeconomic class.
Results: The study comprised 186 participants with a median age of 46. The gender ratio was 3:1, with 139 (74.7%) men. Urban
populations have a greater prevalence of alcohol ic liver disease (60.75%) than rural populations (39.24%). The l ower
s ocioeconomic c lass (50.53%) has the highest rate of alcoholic liver disease. Men drink more (>700 gm/wk) and married people
drink more. A woman who drinks 140 280 grams per week for 10 1 5 years is more likely to develop alcoholic liver disease than a
man who drinks >700 grams per week for 15 years.
Conclusions: In this study, we conclude d that the prevalence of A .L. about S .E. is of utmost importance in developing
population based st r ategies that effectively educate individuals on the need to modify their drinking habits. This is crucial to
mitigate the occurrence of alcohol consumption and its associated repercussions.
Key-words: Socioeconomic status, Hospitalized Patients, Alcoholic Liver Disease
Background: One of the most common disorders in this age group, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), is the primary cause of most gynaecological problems in adolescents. Unfortunately, epidemiological data on AUB in teenagers is scarce, especially in the Indian subcontinent. The PALM-COEIN classification, where PALM stands for structural reasons and COEIN for functional causes, was employed in this single-center prospective observational study to evaluate the relative contributions of several etiological factors in AUB. To comprehend the etiological, dermographic, and therapeutic factors affecting menorrhagia in patients going through adolescence. Methods: Enrollment for females with AUB between 10 and 19 occurred between January and December 2022. A thorough history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation, which in every case comprised standard testing, hormone analysis, and abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography were used to determine the cause of AUB. MRIs and CT scans were performed when needed. Results: There were 190 patients enrolled in total. Functional factors comprised the predominant aetiology of AUB among adolescent females: Adenomyosis=01 (0.52%), Polyp=1 (0.52%). Coagulopathy=2 (1.05%), Leomyoma=01 (0.52%), Malignancy=1 (0.52%), and PALM=4 (2.11%). COEIN=186 (97.89%), ovulation disorder=175 (92.15%), endometrial=01 (0.52%), iatrogenic=6 (3.15%), non-specified=2 (1.05%), and iatrogenic=6 (3.15%). Conclusion: The most frequent cause of AUB in the adolescent population is ovulatory abnormalities. Even though they are extremely rare, structural factors must be ruled out. A helpful technique for evaluating patients with AUB systematically is the PALM-COEIN classification.
Key-words: PALM-COEIN, Leiomyoma, AUB, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Hormonal therapy
Derived from the bacterium Proteus vulgaris , chondroitin ABC lyase is an enzyme that can be used in treating proteoglycans that
affect neural activity (communication, plasticity). Chondroitinase can be used for vision abnormalities and spinal injuries. The
biological activity of chondroitinase is due to its ability to act on chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) which are required for
normal functioning. Th is study aim s to examine various types and routes of administration of Chondr oitina se e n zymes. There is an
increasing application of chondro itin sulfate proteoglycans in spinal cord injury, vit reous attachment, and the management of
various carcinogenic conditions. Research must be done to create an effective chondroitinase delivery mech anism so that the
pharmacological activity seen in vitro and in preclinical research may be applied in the clinic. More studies are required to widen
the application of chondroitinase in therapeutics. In this review, chondroitinase ABC, B, and C are all di scuss ed. T he routes of
administration like caudal or ros tral, intracerebroventricular, hydrogels, and intrath ecal have been detailed. The current review
article highlights the different medical uses for chondroitinase, drug delivery methods for the enzym e, and chondroitinase
dispersion across bacteria. In conclusion, this study can reduce the chance of edema by the intracerebroventric ular route.
However, it is not effective for people due to the gyrencephalic anatomy of brain
Key-words: Chondroitinase, Chondroitin, Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans, Spinal Injuries, Ocular Abnormalities, Proteoglycans
Background: Maturing is a widespread peculiarity. Advanced age is not in itself a sickness however is an ordinary piece of human existence length. A guardian, like wise called a career, home wellbeing assistant or individual consideration assistant, is the individual answerable for furnishing their clients with day-to-day private consideration and help with exercises. Methods: Exploration approach: unmistakable methodology research plan: graphic study research plan. The setting of the review: provincial areas of Bagalkot region. Information assortment strategy: organized polls test. The example was chosen by an arbitrary inspecting procedure. The analyst arbitrarily chose Shirur town as a provincial setting and was chosen for enrolment of subjects. Results: The information score of guardians was 41.06%, with mean and SD of 12.32±3.925. These discoveries uncover those guardians had normal information for advanced-age medical conditions. The mentality score of guardians was 73.73%, with a mean and SD of 110.6±11.008. These discoveries uncovers that parental figures have concur capable demeanour in regards to the advanced age medical conditions. Conclusion: At last, a critical co-connection between the information and demeanour at 0.001 the discoveries uncovers that there is a moderate positive relationship between the information and disposition of the advanced age medical issues.
Key-words: Assess, Care Giver, Health Problems, Knowledge, Old Age
Background: Adolescent is one of the most rapid phases of human development. Anemia is a deficiency in the number of RBC in your body. RBC carry oxygen around your body using a particular protein called hemoglobin. Normal hemoglobin level in adolescent girls 13-15 g/dl. According to WHO, the hemoglobin level 10- 11.9 g/dl is considered mild anemia, 7-9 g/dl is considered moderate, and less than 7 g/dl is called severe anemia. Methods: The present study is pre-experimental among 60 adolescent girls, using a disproportional stratified random technique. One experimental group of clients was selected without randomization and no control group was used. The data was collected by using the structured close-ended knowledge questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics regarding mean, frequency distribution, percentage, paired table t-test and chi-square test. Results: The overall findings reveal that the post-test knowledge mean score 26.24% with SD±5.94, which was 72% of the total score was more when compared to the pre-test knowledge mean score 12.98 with SD 5.94, which was 36.83% of total score. The calculated t-value of 24.91 was much higher than the table t-value 1.96 for the hypothesis. Conclusion: The study provides that VATP on knowledge regarding the preparation and use of moringa juice in managing anemia among adolescent girls was the scientific, logical and cost-effective strategy.
Key-words: Adolescent girls, Knowledge, VATP, Effectiveness, Socio-demographic variables.
Background: The research demonstrates that water birth comports and loosens mothers actually and intellectually. The buoyance lessens body weight and permits free development and situating to the mother. Buoyance and warm water upgrade uterine withdrawal and better blood flow, which builds uterine muscles' oxygenation, diminishes the mother's torment and increases maternal oxygenation of the child. Submersion of water assists with decreasing circulatory strain and additionally gives security, which hinders uneasiness or dread. Methods: The current review pre-trial study with 50, 4th-year B.Sc. Nursing is chosen through basic arbitrary methods. One gathering pre-test without control bunch configuration was utilized. Information was gathered through a self-directed, organized, shut, finished information survey. Data was examined by involving distinct and inferential measurements concerning mean rate by conveyance, matched "t" test, and Chi-square test for affiliation. Results: The pre-test reveals that out of 50 BSc 4th-year nursing students, the highest pre-test (62%) of BSc 4th-year nursing students had poor knowledge. Overall, the post-test knowledge score (22.6±4.19), 70.62% of the total score, was more than the pre-test knowledge score (8.76±3.95), 23.3%. The effectiveness of the assisted teaching programme, in this area, the mean knowledge score was 13.84 with SD±0.24, which was 43.25% of the total score. Hence, it indicates that the video-assisted teaching program effectively enhanced the knowledge of BSc 4th-year nursing students. Conclusion: This study concluded that video-assisted teaching programmes on knowledge regarding waterbirth among B.Sc 4th year Nursing students was the scientific, logical and cost-effective strategy.
Key-words: Effectiveness, Fourth year B.Sc. Nursing students, Knowledge, VATP, Water birth
Background: Post-menopausal women experience many physical, emotional, and mental symptoms during the post-menopausal period, and reflexology has grown into a complex therapeutic modality and has a range of effects. Reflexology will help put hormones back into a normal state and act like a process of emotional cleansing, relieving stress and restoring harmony to the body and soul. Hence, foot reflexology seems to be effective in treating post-menopausal symptoms. Methods: In the present study, pre-experimental i.e. one group pretest-posttest design, was adopted. The study was conducted on 30 post-menopausal women to assess their knowledge regarding foot reflexology. Samples were selected by using a convenient sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean percentage of the pre-test score was 28%, and the post-test score was 76.65%. The mean and the standard deviation of the pre-test score were 5.60±1.71, and the mean and the standard deviation of the post-test score were 15.33±1.15. The total mean and standard deviation are 9.73±2.07 by comparing the pre-test and post-test scores. Hence, it was found that there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of post-menopausal women regarding foot reflexology. No significant association was found between post-test knowledge scores and socio-demographic variables on foot reflexology. Conclusion: The study concluded that a planned teaching program on knowledge regarding foot reflexology for post-menopausal women was a scientific, logical, and cost-effective strategy to reduce post-menopausal symptoms.
Key-words: Effectiveness, Foot reflexology, Post-menopausal women, Planned teaching program, Socio-demographic variables
Background: A 51-year-old woman had left lower abdomen pain for 18 hours with nausea and vomiting. Prior CT scans suggested pelvic neoplasms. Our hospital's emergency CT showed an enlarged uterus with cystic shadows, right adnexal cysts, and stomach fluid. Physical examination revealed left lower abdomen discomfort. A gynaecological examination revealed a painful, firm pelvic mass of 151210 cm. Further diagnosis is underway. Method: The patient underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy, discovering a twisted, swollen left ovary with a 540° rotation, classified as a benign cyst. It was found that the patient had congenital upper vaginal atresia and bilateral initial uteri. Pain was reduced after surgery, thanks to symptomatic treatment. An abnormal karyotype of 46, XX,1qh+ was found during genetic testing. Result: Fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina develop from the embryonic accessory mesonephric duct. MRKH syndrome is caused by bilateral accessory mesonephric duct dysplasia and disappearance of the uterus or vagina. MRKH has three types, with Type 1 lacking uterus or vagina. Due to ovarian cyst torsion, this Type 1 MRKH with double initial uterus and upper vaginal atresia needed left adnexa resection. Genetic testing showed a typical female karyotype. MRKH's complex aetiology incorporates chromosomal abnormalities, emphasizing early cytogenetic evaluation for personalized treatment and fertility assistance. Conclusion: Early cytogenetic testing for MRKH syndrome patients is crucial for determining the underlying cause and guiding personalized treatment plans to restore reproductive function and improve quality of life.
Key-words: Double primordial uterus; MRKH syndrome; Upper vaginal atresia; Torsion of left ovarian cyst pedicle
Background: Cell phones have advanced to the degree of becoming a necessary piece of individuals' lives. Cell phones are utilised for correspondence, diversion, efficiency, interpersonal interaction, and gaming. In addition to supplanting the conventional cells, cell phones have likewise supplanted personal computers and numerous other comparative gadgets. Individuals these days feel indistinguishable from their cell phones. In lined with the rising improvement of innovation and excessive utilisation of cell phones, one of the significant issues that scientists have noticed and are chipping away at is cell phone addiction. Methods: It was a graphic study directed among 100 nursing students aged 19-22 in B.V.V.S. Institute of Nursing Sciences Bagalkot. Information was gathered utilising a structured knowledge questionnaire to survey socio-demographic information. The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (Alertness Test) was utilised to evaluate the classroom alertness of the nursing students and the Cell phone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) was utilised to assess the cell addiction of the nursing students. Results: An association was found between the year of studying and the classroom alertness of students (χ2 =3.9102) p<0.05. There was a significant negative correlation between cell phone addiction and classroom alertness of the nursing students, p<0.05. The r-value obtained was 0.80. Thus, the correlation between the two factors is seen as statistically significant. Conclusion In the wake of acquiring the consequences of the current work the scientist s saw a negati ve relationship between cell
pho ne addiction and the class room alertness of the students.
Key-words: Addiction, Alertness, Cell phone, Classroom, Phone addiction
Background: Chemical changes occur in the epididymis when the testicular sperm grows. When sperm and seminal fluids mix during ejaculation, a substance called semen is formed. The cervical mucus of a fertilized egg screens out the best possible sperm. For infertility, Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) can be necessary. Test sperm that are DNA efficient, normal, and motile using Swim Up. Sperm could be damaged by reactive oxygen species that are produced during centrifugation. All infertility treatments should take these factors into account. Methods: The in vitro fertilization (ICSI) procedure was administered to fifty male patients who were 35 years old or younger and tested positive for normozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and oligozoospermia. After obtaining informed consent, a Swim-Up was performed using both the full semen and a washed pellet. With sperm obtained from both methods, six Metaphase-2 stages of oocytes (MII oocytes) were implanted in each patient. A Tri-gas Bench-top incubator was used to put each injected oocyte in its 37°C setting. Results: The study showed that the age differences were insignificant (p=0.722), but significant variations emerged in sperm concentration before processing (p=1.030) and after (p=1.064). Sperm morphology differences were evident before processing (p=0.004) and after (p=0.002). No significant differences were noted in the number of Day 3 cleavage stage embryos. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is no significant difference between the two techniques regarding sperm washing efficiency.
Key-words: Sperm preparation methods, Swim-up, Centrifugation, ICSI, Fertilization, Day 3 Embryo
Background: The third most common musculoskeletal symptom in orthopaedic clinical practice is a sore shoulder, which can cause significant morbidity. It has been reported that 7–27% of the general population has it, and 36–66% of overhead arm athletes have it. Pathophysiology includes functional, degenerative, and mechanical factors. Most shoulder pain is subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS), often known as ‘shoulder impingement syndrome’. Impingement hypothesis: shoulder joint structures mechanically clash. SAPS accounts for 36–48% of shoulder discomfort. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, among Eastern Indian outpatients. The study included adult patients (ages 18–75) of both sexes who presented to MKCG Medical College and Hospital's OPD with shoulder pain from December 2020 to November 2022 and were diagnosed with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (SIS). Thorough histories and clinical exams were done. The Department of Radiology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, performed conventional shoulder MRIs on the selected participants. Results: Most cases and controls were Type-II (43.3%), followed by Type-I (28.3% and 30%, 29.2% of the total group). The study's least common acromial shape was type-IV, seen in 5% of cases and 10% of controls (7.5% of the sample). Fisher's exact test showed no significant connection between subacromial impingement and acromial shape (p=0.65). With a p-value of 0.045, cases had a significantly greater acromial width (8.12±2.16 mm) than controls (7.51±0.81 mm). Conclusion: Sub-acromial impingement was unrelated to acromion morphology. There was no correlation between acromial morphology and rotator cuff injuries.
Key-words: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome, Acromion Morphology, MRI
Impact of Acceptance and Mindfulness-Based Intervention as an Add-on Treatment for Skin Diseases-Acne, Eczema and Psoriasis
http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2020.6.5.2
Seasonal Incidence and Varietal Response of Gram against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) at Talwandi Sabo, Punjab
http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2020.6.4.3
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Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. It typically manifests as pimples, blackheads, or whiteheads, often on the face, chest, shoulders, or back. Acne can range from mild to severe and may cause emotional distress and scarring in some cases.
**Causes:**
1. **Excess Oil Production:** Hormonal changes during adolescence or certain times in adulthood can increase sebum (oil) production, leading to clogged pores.
2. **Clogged Pores:** When dead skin cells and oil block hair follicles, bacteria (usually Propionibacterium acnes) can thrive, causing inflammation and acne lesions.
3. **Hormonal Factors:** Fluctuations in hormone levels, such as during puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or certain medical conditions, can contribute to acne.
4. **Genetics:** A family history of acne can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
**Types of Acne:**
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- **Blackheads:** Open plugged pores with a dark surface.
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- **Pustules:** Pimples with pus at their tips.
- **Nodules:** Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface.
- **Cysts:** Painful, pus-filled lumps beneath the surface that can cause scarring.
**Treatment:**
Treatment depends on the severity and type of acne but may include:
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- **Oral Medications:** Antibiotics or oral contraceptives for hormonal acne.
- **Procedures:** Such as chemical peels, extraction of comedones, or light therapy for more severe cases.
**Prevention and Management:**
- **Cleanse:** Regularly wash skin with a gentle cleanser.
- **Moisturize:** Use non-comedogenic moisturizers to keep skin hydrated without clogging pores.
- **Avoid Irritants:** Such as harsh cosmetics or excessive scrubbing.
- **Sun Protection:** Use sunscreen to prevent exacerbation of acne scars and inflammation.
Acne treatment can take time, and consistency in skincare routines and treatments is crucial. Consulting a dermatologist can help tailor a treatment plan that suits individual needs and reduces the risk of scarring or long-term skin damage.
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14...Donc Test
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Dr. Tan's Balance Method.pdf (From Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin)GeorgeKieling1
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Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
About AOMA: The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin offers a masters-level graduate program in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, preparing its students for careers as skilled, professional practitioners. AOMA is known for its internationally recognized faculty, award-winning student clinical internship program, and herbal medicine program. Since its founding in 1993, AOMA has grown rapidly in size and reputation, drawing students from around the nation and faculty from around the world. AOMA also conducts more than 20,000 patient visits annually in its student and professional clinics. AOMA collaborates with Western healthcare institutions including the Seton Family of Hospitals, and gives back to the community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and by providing free and reduced price treatments to people who cannot afford them. The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin is located at 2700 West Anderson Lane. AOMA also serves patients and retail customers at its south Austin location, 4701 West Gate Blvd. For more information see www.aoma.edu or call 512-492-303434.
Fexofenadine is sold under the brand name Allegra.
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It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Fexofenadine has been manufactured in generic form since 2011.
The Children are very vulnerable to get affected with respiratory disease.
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Nutritional deficiency Disorder are problems in india.
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Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
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CLASSIFICATION OF H1 ANTIHISTAMINICS-
FIRST GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-
1)HIGHLY SEDATIVE-DIPHENHYDRAMINE,DIMENHYDRINATE,PROMETHAZINE,HYDROXYZINE 2)MODERATELY SEDATIVE- PHENARIMINE,CYPROHEPTADINE, MECLIZINE,CINNARIZINE
3)MILD SEDATIVE-CHLORPHENIRAMINE,DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE
TRIPROLIDINE,CLEMASTINE
SECOND GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-FEXOFENADINE,
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histamine at the H1 receptors.
Pharmacological actions-
Antagonism of histamine-The H1 antagonists effectively block histamine induced bronchoconstriction, contraction of intestinal and other smooth muscle and triple response especially wheal, flare and itch. Constriction of larger blood vessel by histamine is also antagonized.
2) Antiallergic actions-Many manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (type I reactions)are suppressed. Urticaria, itching and angioedema are well controlled.3) CNS action-The older antihistamines produce variable degree of CNS depression.But in case of 2nd gen antihistaminics there is less CNS depressant property as these cross BBB to significantly lesser extent.
4) Anticholinergic action- many H1 blockers
in addition antagonize muscarinic actions of ACh. BUT IN 2ND gen histaminics there is Higher H1 selectivitiy : no anticholinergic side effects
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