The document discusses a study on the effect of drip irrigation and fertilizer management on capsicum. Key findings include:
1) The highest nitrogen, P2O5 and K2O content in both plants and fruits was found with treatment T3 (drip irrigation at 100% EPR with 75% recommended dose of N and K applied through drip).
2) Treatment T3 also resulted in the highest uptake of nitrogen, P2O5 and K2O by both plants and fruits, as well as the highest total uptake and fruit yield.
3) Available nitrogen, P2O5 and K2O in the soil after harvest was highest under drip irrigation treatments where fertilizer
Drip Fertigation in Sweet Pepper: A ReviewIJERA Editor
Sweet Pepper is one of the most important vegetable crops grown in India. Water has been identified as one of the scarcest inputs, which can severely restrict its growth unless it is carefully conserved and managed. Adoption of modern irrigation technique like drip irrigations is needed to be emphasized to increase water use efficiency and covering more area under irrigation. Drip fertigation is the most effective way to supply water and nutrients to the plants which not only saves water but also increases yield of fruits and vegetable crops. As reported by different research workers of the world, adoption of drip fertigation in sweet pepper results in saving of fertilizer up to 25 per cent, water saving up to 40 percent significant increase in yield, significant increase in water use efficiency and better quality produce.
Growth and yield of tomato, Napier grass and sugarcane crops as influenced by...Premier Publishers
The effect of wastewater irrigation on plant growth and yield of tomato, Napier grass and sugarcane crops was compared with that of ground water irrigation. Treatments included untreated wastewater (UWW) treated wastewater (TWW) and ground water (GW) as control. The results obtained, plant height, number of fruits/plant, dry biomass g/plant and number of branches/plant of tomato (78.46 cm, 45.88, 15.49 and 11.41) and (75.13 cm, 41.48, 14.42 and 10.28) were significantly higher in the UWW and TWW compared to GW. The UWW and TWW irrigated Napier grass gave the highest growth and yield, compared to that of GW irrigation. Plant height, number of leaves/plant, leaf length, leaf width and number of tiller were 188.46 cm, 83.62, 93.62 cm, 2.52 and 13.2 in UWW and 182.68 cm, 69.75, 88.67cm, 2.29 and 10.39 in TWW and these are significantly higher as compared to that of GW irrigation. Wastewater irrigation of sugarcane increased cane length, number of nodes/cane, number of leaves, cane diameter and cane weight significantly as compared to control GW are 191.86 cm, 22.48, 39.3 and 2.30 cm in UWW and 149.4 cm, 20.54, 27.53 and 2.22 cm in TWW and compared to that of GW irrigation.
The present study was carried on Abelmoschus esculentus (A. esculentus) by using the vermicompost. The decoction tea powder is wasted wet garbage and discarded on the dumping ground. It generally creates environmental pollution. This wet garbage can used as a good source of nutrients to the vegetable crop plants. The research is carried out by preparing vermicompost using 75% decoction tea powder and 25% mixture of black soil, cow dung, leaf litter and little vermicompost. The compost prepared by using decoction tea powder has increased concentration of necessary nutrients such as pH, minerals, organic carbon (O.C.), total phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium required for vegetable crop plants for its development. In present investigation by applying this compost, Electrical conductivity was decreased by 9.51%, O.C. 89.30%, total phosphorus 26.09%, potassium 1.0%, Mg and Na by 43.17% shows a significant increase in absorption. It is also observed that germination period decreases whereas height of stem, leaf area, flowering and fruits were developed earlier than control soil. Key-words- Decoction tea powder, Vermicompost, A. esculentus, Green revolution, Biological resistance
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic and biological components in an integrated manner
Integrated nutrient management (INM) involves efficient and judicious use of all the major components of plant nutrient sources for sustaining soil fertility, health and productivity
Integrated approach for plant nutrition is being advocated because single nutrient approach often reduces fertilizer use efficiency and consequently creates problem fertilizers can help in enhancing and maintaining stability in production with least degradation in chemical and physical properties of the soil.
A healthy soil is a living, dynamic ecosystem that performs many vital functions.
A healthy soil produces a healthy feed for consumption. Improved soil health often is indicated by improvement on physical, chemical and microbiological environment.
Introduction of high yielding varieties, irrigation and use of high analysis fertilizer without proper soil tests, accelerated the mining of native soil nutrient resources.
Under intensive cultivation without giving due consideration to nutrient requirement has resulted in decline in soil fertility and consequent productivity of crops
Vegetables are rich source of energy and nutrition.
Drip Fertigation in Sweet Pepper: A ReviewIJERA Editor
Sweet Pepper is one of the most important vegetable crops grown in India. Water has been identified as one of the scarcest inputs, which can severely restrict its growth unless it is carefully conserved and managed. Adoption of modern irrigation technique like drip irrigations is needed to be emphasized to increase water use efficiency and covering more area under irrigation. Drip fertigation is the most effective way to supply water and nutrients to the plants which not only saves water but also increases yield of fruits and vegetable crops. As reported by different research workers of the world, adoption of drip fertigation in sweet pepper results in saving of fertilizer up to 25 per cent, water saving up to 40 percent significant increase in yield, significant increase in water use efficiency and better quality produce.
Growth and yield of tomato, Napier grass and sugarcane crops as influenced by...Premier Publishers
The effect of wastewater irrigation on plant growth and yield of tomato, Napier grass and sugarcane crops was compared with that of ground water irrigation. Treatments included untreated wastewater (UWW) treated wastewater (TWW) and ground water (GW) as control. The results obtained, plant height, number of fruits/plant, dry biomass g/plant and number of branches/plant of tomato (78.46 cm, 45.88, 15.49 and 11.41) and (75.13 cm, 41.48, 14.42 and 10.28) were significantly higher in the UWW and TWW compared to GW. The UWW and TWW irrigated Napier grass gave the highest growth and yield, compared to that of GW irrigation. Plant height, number of leaves/plant, leaf length, leaf width and number of tiller were 188.46 cm, 83.62, 93.62 cm, 2.52 and 13.2 in UWW and 182.68 cm, 69.75, 88.67cm, 2.29 and 10.39 in TWW and these are significantly higher as compared to that of GW irrigation. Wastewater irrigation of sugarcane increased cane length, number of nodes/cane, number of leaves, cane diameter and cane weight significantly as compared to control GW are 191.86 cm, 22.48, 39.3 and 2.30 cm in UWW and 149.4 cm, 20.54, 27.53 and 2.22 cm in TWW and compared to that of GW irrigation.
The present study was carried on Abelmoschus esculentus (A. esculentus) by using the vermicompost. The decoction tea powder is wasted wet garbage and discarded on the dumping ground. It generally creates environmental pollution. This wet garbage can used as a good source of nutrients to the vegetable crop plants. The research is carried out by preparing vermicompost using 75% decoction tea powder and 25% mixture of black soil, cow dung, leaf litter and little vermicompost. The compost prepared by using decoction tea powder has increased concentration of necessary nutrients such as pH, minerals, organic carbon (O.C.), total phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium required for vegetable crop plants for its development. In present investigation by applying this compost, Electrical conductivity was decreased by 9.51%, O.C. 89.30%, total phosphorus 26.09%, potassium 1.0%, Mg and Na by 43.17% shows a significant increase in absorption. It is also observed that germination period decreases whereas height of stem, leaf area, flowering and fruits were developed earlier than control soil. Key-words- Decoction tea powder, Vermicompost, A. esculentus, Green revolution, Biological resistance
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic and biological components in an integrated manner
Integrated nutrient management (INM) involves efficient and judicious use of all the major components of plant nutrient sources for sustaining soil fertility, health and productivity
Integrated approach for plant nutrition is being advocated because single nutrient approach often reduces fertilizer use efficiency and consequently creates problem fertilizers can help in enhancing and maintaining stability in production with least degradation in chemical and physical properties of the soil.
A healthy soil is a living, dynamic ecosystem that performs many vital functions.
A healthy soil produces a healthy feed for consumption. Improved soil health often is indicated by improvement on physical, chemical and microbiological environment.
Introduction of high yielding varieties, irrigation and use of high analysis fertilizer without proper soil tests, accelerated the mining of native soil nutrient resources.
Under intensive cultivation without giving due consideration to nutrient requirement has resulted in decline in soil fertility and consequent productivity of crops
Vegetables are rich source of energy and nutrition.
Indian agriculture is passing through difficult times due to erractic weather conditions, especially drought and excessive rainfall, there by resulting into wide spread distress among farmers.
The average income of an agricultural household during July 2012 to June 2013 was as low as Rs.6,426.
As many as 22.50% of the farmers live below poverty line, the country also witnessed a sharp increase in the number of farmers suicides due to losses from farming and low farm income.
Farming in India is becoming hard and unsuccessful due to several causes like unexpected rainfalls,droughts, increased cost of cultivation due to pests and diseases, decrease in productivity of land, unavailability of water etc..
Farmers get very low income for their produce due to prevailing market prices that are very unstable.
Decline in Agriculture productivity and Income has a serious effect on rural house holds, and other economic, social as well as sustainability indicators.
Nutrient budgets are becoming accepted tools to describe nutrient flows within cropping system and to assist in the planning of the rotational cropping and mixed farming system
Depending on the farm management and the balance of inputs and outputs of nutrient N,P and K budgets have been shown to range from deficit to surplus in cropping system
Budgets are the outcome of simple nutrient accounting process which details all the inputs and outputs to a given defined system over fixed period of time
A soil surface nutrient budget accounts for all nutrients that enter the soil surface and leave the soil through crop uptake.
A field experiment on ‘Effect of nutrient management on grain yield of aerobic rice under irrigated condition during Pre-kharif season’ was conducted at Rice Research Station, Bankura, West Bengal, India during 2011 and 2012, respectively in upland situation of red and laterite areas of West Bengal. The experimental result revealed that grain yield of rice in aerobic situation was not significantly influenced by the irrigation schedules during pre-kharif season. Among the levels of nutrient management practices, highest grain yield (4.42 t ha-1) of aerobic rice [variety: Puspa (IET 17509)] was obtained from the treatment N2 [N1 (N, P2O5, K2O @ 80, 40, 40 kg ha-1) + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1]. It is the most promising approaches for saving water and labour. This is eco-friendly and environmentally safety. Rice production in aerobically is an important tool to mitigating the global warming i.e. climate change scenario.
Nature provides us varies resources that can be put to several meaningful functions to sustain our life on the earth.
But why today are we concerned about resources and its conservation in all across the world? That is because of the alarming levels of resource use and sustainability concerns. Several natural resources such as soil, water, energy, fuel, forest and so many are cornering at a level of being severely decline making the future of human civilization unsustainable. Talking about resource uses, agriculture and industrial sectors are the major consumers of natural resources
Conservation agriculture useful for meeting future food demands and also contributing to sustainable agriculture.
Conservation agriculture helps to minimizing the negative environmental effect and equally important to increased income to help the livelihood of those employed in agril. Production.
Introduction of conservation technologies (CT) was an important break through for sustaining productivity, It seeks to conserve, improve and make more efficient use of natural resources through integrated management of soil, water, crops and other biological resources in combination with selected external inputs.
Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) Response to Deficit Irrigationpaperpublications3
Abstract: An experiment was conducted with the objective to identify the level of deficit irrigation which allows achieving optimal yield and investigate the effect of deficit irrigation practice on spearmint (Mentha Spicata L.) yield and yield components. The experiment was conducted at Koka research station of Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia latitude 8O26’, longitude 39O2’ and altitude 1602masl for two years (2011/2012 and 2012/2013 dry season). Nine treatments three level of irrigation water amount percentage based on evapo-transpiration of the crop (ETc) (100%ETc, 75%ETc and 50%ETc) and three types of furrow irrigation water application method (alternate furrow, fixed furrow and conventional furrow) were used in randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications. The pooled mean of two year data showed different level of deficit irrigation had a significant effect (p<0.05)><0.01) variation among treatments due to deficit irrigation on dry biomass yield per hectare, dry leaf yield per hectare, essential oil yield per hectare and water use efficiency. However, different deficit irrigation level had no significant influence on wet harvesting index. The highest fresh biomass, dry biomass, fresh leaf, dry leaf and essential oil yield per harvesting cycle of 12093kg/ha, 3746kg/ha, 8133kg/ha, 2441.1kg/ha and 37.0kg/ha respectively was obtained due to 100%ETc with conventional furrow application method. Moreover, the highest water use efficiency of 16.3x10-3kg/m3 was achieved due to deficit irrigation to 50%ETc with alternate furrow irrigation water application method. The study showed that the best treatment is deficit irrigation to 50%ETc with conventional furrow application method which had no significant variation with treatments that showed higher yields of spearmint including water use efficiency.
Keywords: Alternate furrow, conventional furrow, deficit irrigation, fixed furrow, spearmint.
The development of Plant Nutrient Management to increase the quantity of plant nutrients in farming systems and thus crop productivity is a major challenge for food security and rural development.The depletion of nutrient stocks in the soil is a major but often hidden form of land degradation. On the other hand, excessive application of nutrients or inefficient management means an economic loss to the farmer and can cause environmental problems, especially if large quantities of nutrients are lost from the soil-plant system into water or air.
Increasing agricultural production by improving plant nutrition management, together with a better use of other production factors is thus a complex challenge. Nutrient management implies managing all nutrient sources - fertilisers, organic manures, waste materials suitable for recycling nutrients, soil reserves, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and bio-fertilizers in such a way that yield is not knowingly increased while every effort is made to minimise losses of nutrients to environment
Why to use phytoremediation?
Solar-driven Sustainable green technology improves air quality and sequesters greenhouse gases.
Controls erosion, runoff, infiltration, and fugitive dust emissions
Passive and in-situ.
Applicable to remote locations, potentially without utility access
Can be used to supplement other remediation approaches or as a polishing step.
Can be used to identify and map contamination.
Lower maintenance, resilient, and self-repairing.
Provides restoration and land reclamation during clean up and upon completion. Can be cost competitive.
ABSTRACT: Okra commonly called lady finger or bhindi is one of the most popular and extensively grown
vegetable crop all over India. Water and fertilizers plays a major role in okra production. Drip fertigation is
the technique which applies fertilizers with water by drip irrigation system. In the present paper, as reported by
different research workers throughout world drip fertigation in okra saves 20% to 61% of water, increases yield
by 13% to 76%, fertilizer saving from 15% to 30% and results in higher water use efficiency from 35.5% to 50.8
% as compared with traditional method. It is also economically viable with benefit to cost ratio varying from
1.41 to 2.99.
KEYWORDS: Drip fertigation, drip irrigation, water use efficiency, okra, yield
________________________________________________________________________________________
Plant need water, air, light, suitable temperature and 17 essential nutrients for growth and development in the right combination. When plant suffers from malnutrition, exhibits symptoms of being unhealthy reliable nutrient recommendations are dependent upon accurate soil tests and crop nutrient calibrations based on extensive field research. An important part of crop production is being able to identify and prevent plant nutrient deficiencies. Optimization of pistachio productivity and quality requires an understanding of the nutrient requirements of the tree, the factors that influence nutrient availability and the methods used to diagnose and correct deficiencies. Several methods for nutritional diagnosis using leaf tissue analysis have been proposed and used, including the critical value (CV), the sufficiency range approach (SRA), and the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS). de both soil and tissues analysis. Renewed and intensified efforts are in progress to identify nutrient constraints using latest diagnostic tools and managing them more precisely through intervention of geospatial technologies (GPS, GIS etc.). There have been consistent concerns about the relegated fertilizer use efficiency, warranting further the revision of ongoing practices, and adoption of some alternative strategies. Diagnosis of nutrient constraints and their effective management has, therefore, now shifted in favour of INM.
There is a great contamination of water, soil, air, soil erosion, pest resistance
and extensive use of chemical fertilizers cause a turn to induce agriculture for
producing safe and clean products. For this purpose, by using natural materials like
algae on the beach, organic and environmentally friendly fertilizer was prepared. In
this investigation effect of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF) of Ulva fasciata at
concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% on some parameters of wheat
(Triticum aestivum var. chamran) has been investigated. Based on the results, above
algae can be used as a food supplement solution in the form of foliar spray at 2.5%
concentration with a significant increase in morphological and biochemical indices.
Effects of different irrigation and fertilization treatments on growth and yi...Premier Publishers
The experiment was implemented during the autumn season 2013, to study the effect of three methods of irrigation and fertilization on the development and yield of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv Rivera. Two methods of drip irrigation (putting the pipe at the bottom and at the top of furrows) and furrow irrigation with three types of fertilizers (chemical fertilizer at rate of 300 kg urea, 180 kg superphosphate triple, 240 kg potassium sulphate per hectare) and organic fertilizer at 30 kg.100 m2 -1 with half amount of the chemical fertilizers mentioned. The organic fertilizers were added in two ways: by scattering dry fertilizer and irrigation with fertilizer solution near plant roots. Results showed that the highest total water content of leaves was 86.665%, leaf area 2285 cm2, roots dry weight 13.60 g., average tuber weight 69.56 g., and the percentage of dry matter in tubers 19.26% was produced from applying organic fertilizer by irrigation, whereas the highest total tubers yield was 16.345 tons.ha-1 and water use efficiency 9.855 kg. ha-1 resulted from organic fertilizer by scattering method, also the treatment of drip irrigation by putting the pipe at the top of the furrows was superior in all studied parameters except the average tuber weight and total soluble solids compared with the other two treatments.
Indian agriculture is passing through difficult times due to erractic weather conditions, especially drought and excessive rainfall, there by resulting into wide spread distress among farmers.
The average income of an agricultural household during July 2012 to June 2013 was as low as Rs.6,426.
As many as 22.50% of the farmers live below poverty line, the country also witnessed a sharp increase in the number of farmers suicides due to losses from farming and low farm income.
Farming in India is becoming hard and unsuccessful due to several causes like unexpected rainfalls,droughts, increased cost of cultivation due to pests and diseases, decrease in productivity of land, unavailability of water etc..
Farmers get very low income for their produce due to prevailing market prices that are very unstable.
Decline in Agriculture productivity and Income has a serious effect on rural house holds, and other economic, social as well as sustainability indicators.
Nutrient budgets are becoming accepted tools to describe nutrient flows within cropping system and to assist in the planning of the rotational cropping and mixed farming system
Depending on the farm management and the balance of inputs and outputs of nutrient N,P and K budgets have been shown to range from deficit to surplus in cropping system
Budgets are the outcome of simple nutrient accounting process which details all the inputs and outputs to a given defined system over fixed period of time
A soil surface nutrient budget accounts for all nutrients that enter the soil surface and leave the soil through crop uptake.
A field experiment on ‘Effect of nutrient management on grain yield of aerobic rice under irrigated condition during Pre-kharif season’ was conducted at Rice Research Station, Bankura, West Bengal, India during 2011 and 2012, respectively in upland situation of red and laterite areas of West Bengal. The experimental result revealed that grain yield of rice in aerobic situation was not significantly influenced by the irrigation schedules during pre-kharif season. Among the levels of nutrient management practices, highest grain yield (4.42 t ha-1) of aerobic rice [variety: Puspa (IET 17509)] was obtained from the treatment N2 [N1 (N, P2O5, K2O @ 80, 40, 40 kg ha-1) + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1]. It is the most promising approaches for saving water and labour. This is eco-friendly and environmentally safety. Rice production in aerobically is an important tool to mitigating the global warming i.e. climate change scenario.
Nature provides us varies resources that can be put to several meaningful functions to sustain our life on the earth.
But why today are we concerned about resources and its conservation in all across the world? That is because of the alarming levels of resource use and sustainability concerns. Several natural resources such as soil, water, energy, fuel, forest and so many are cornering at a level of being severely decline making the future of human civilization unsustainable. Talking about resource uses, agriculture and industrial sectors are the major consumers of natural resources
Conservation agriculture useful for meeting future food demands and also contributing to sustainable agriculture.
Conservation agriculture helps to minimizing the negative environmental effect and equally important to increased income to help the livelihood of those employed in agril. Production.
Introduction of conservation technologies (CT) was an important break through for sustaining productivity, It seeks to conserve, improve and make more efficient use of natural resources through integrated management of soil, water, crops and other biological resources in combination with selected external inputs.
Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) Response to Deficit Irrigationpaperpublications3
Abstract: An experiment was conducted with the objective to identify the level of deficit irrigation which allows achieving optimal yield and investigate the effect of deficit irrigation practice on spearmint (Mentha Spicata L.) yield and yield components. The experiment was conducted at Koka research station of Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia latitude 8O26’, longitude 39O2’ and altitude 1602masl for two years (2011/2012 and 2012/2013 dry season). Nine treatments three level of irrigation water amount percentage based on evapo-transpiration of the crop (ETc) (100%ETc, 75%ETc and 50%ETc) and three types of furrow irrigation water application method (alternate furrow, fixed furrow and conventional furrow) were used in randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications. The pooled mean of two year data showed different level of deficit irrigation had a significant effect (p<0.05)><0.01) variation among treatments due to deficit irrigation on dry biomass yield per hectare, dry leaf yield per hectare, essential oil yield per hectare and water use efficiency. However, different deficit irrigation level had no significant influence on wet harvesting index. The highest fresh biomass, dry biomass, fresh leaf, dry leaf and essential oil yield per harvesting cycle of 12093kg/ha, 3746kg/ha, 8133kg/ha, 2441.1kg/ha and 37.0kg/ha respectively was obtained due to 100%ETc with conventional furrow application method. Moreover, the highest water use efficiency of 16.3x10-3kg/m3 was achieved due to deficit irrigation to 50%ETc with alternate furrow irrigation water application method. The study showed that the best treatment is deficit irrigation to 50%ETc with conventional furrow application method which had no significant variation with treatments that showed higher yields of spearmint including water use efficiency.
Keywords: Alternate furrow, conventional furrow, deficit irrigation, fixed furrow, spearmint.
The development of Plant Nutrient Management to increase the quantity of plant nutrients in farming systems and thus crop productivity is a major challenge for food security and rural development.The depletion of nutrient stocks in the soil is a major but often hidden form of land degradation. On the other hand, excessive application of nutrients or inefficient management means an economic loss to the farmer and can cause environmental problems, especially if large quantities of nutrients are lost from the soil-plant system into water or air.
Increasing agricultural production by improving plant nutrition management, together with a better use of other production factors is thus a complex challenge. Nutrient management implies managing all nutrient sources - fertilisers, organic manures, waste materials suitable for recycling nutrients, soil reserves, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and bio-fertilizers in such a way that yield is not knowingly increased while every effort is made to minimise losses of nutrients to environment
Why to use phytoremediation?
Solar-driven Sustainable green technology improves air quality and sequesters greenhouse gases.
Controls erosion, runoff, infiltration, and fugitive dust emissions
Passive and in-situ.
Applicable to remote locations, potentially without utility access
Can be used to supplement other remediation approaches or as a polishing step.
Can be used to identify and map contamination.
Lower maintenance, resilient, and self-repairing.
Provides restoration and land reclamation during clean up and upon completion. Can be cost competitive.
ABSTRACT: Okra commonly called lady finger or bhindi is one of the most popular and extensively grown
vegetable crop all over India. Water and fertilizers plays a major role in okra production. Drip fertigation is
the technique which applies fertilizers with water by drip irrigation system. In the present paper, as reported by
different research workers throughout world drip fertigation in okra saves 20% to 61% of water, increases yield
by 13% to 76%, fertilizer saving from 15% to 30% and results in higher water use efficiency from 35.5% to 50.8
% as compared with traditional method. It is also economically viable with benefit to cost ratio varying from
1.41 to 2.99.
KEYWORDS: Drip fertigation, drip irrigation, water use efficiency, okra, yield
________________________________________________________________________________________
Plant need water, air, light, suitable temperature and 17 essential nutrients for growth and development in the right combination. When plant suffers from malnutrition, exhibits symptoms of being unhealthy reliable nutrient recommendations are dependent upon accurate soil tests and crop nutrient calibrations based on extensive field research. An important part of crop production is being able to identify and prevent plant nutrient deficiencies. Optimization of pistachio productivity and quality requires an understanding of the nutrient requirements of the tree, the factors that influence nutrient availability and the methods used to diagnose and correct deficiencies. Several methods for nutritional diagnosis using leaf tissue analysis have been proposed and used, including the critical value (CV), the sufficiency range approach (SRA), and the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS). de both soil and tissues analysis. Renewed and intensified efforts are in progress to identify nutrient constraints using latest diagnostic tools and managing them more precisely through intervention of geospatial technologies (GPS, GIS etc.). There have been consistent concerns about the relegated fertilizer use efficiency, warranting further the revision of ongoing practices, and adoption of some alternative strategies. Diagnosis of nutrient constraints and their effective management has, therefore, now shifted in favour of INM.
There is a great contamination of water, soil, air, soil erosion, pest resistance
and extensive use of chemical fertilizers cause a turn to induce agriculture for
producing safe and clean products. For this purpose, by using natural materials like
algae on the beach, organic and environmentally friendly fertilizer was prepared. In
this investigation effect of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF) of Ulva fasciata at
concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% on some parameters of wheat
(Triticum aestivum var. chamran) has been investigated. Based on the results, above
algae can be used as a food supplement solution in the form of foliar spray at 2.5%
concentration with a significant increase in morphological and biochemical indices.
Effects of different irrigation and fertilization treatments on growth and yi...Premier Publishers
The experiment was implemented during the autumn season 2013, to study the effect of three methods of irrigation and fertilization on the development and yield of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv Rivera. Two methods of drip irrigation (putting the pipe at the bottom and at the top of furrows) and furrow irrigation with three types of fertilizers (chemical fertilizer at rate of 300 kg urea, 180 kg superphosphate triple, 240 kg potassium sulphate per hectare) and organic fertilizer at 30 kg.100 m2 -1 with half amount of the chemical fertilizers mentioned. The organic fertilizers were added in two ways: by scattering dry fertilizer and irrigation with fertilizer solution near plant roots. Results showed that the highest total water content of leaves was 86.665%, leaf area 2285 cm2, roots dry weight 13.60 g., average tuber weight 69.56 g., and the percentage of dry matter in tubers 19.26% was produced from applying organic fertilizer by irrigation, whereas the highest total tubers yield was 16.345 tons.ha-1 and water use efficiency 9.855 kg. ha-1 resulted from organic fertilizer by scattering method, also the treatment of drip irrigation by putting the pipe at the top of the furrows was superior in all studied parameters except the average tuber weight and total soluble solids compared with the other two treatments.
Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) Response to Deficit Irrigationpaperpublications3
Abstract: An experiment was conducted with the objective to identify the level of deficit irrigation which allows achieving optimal yield and investigate the effect of deficit irrigation practice on spearmint (Mentha Spicata L.) yield and yield components. The experiment was conducted at Koka research station of Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia latitude 8O26’, longitude 39O2’ and altitude 1602masl for two years (2011/2012 and 2012/2013 dry season). Nine treatments three level of irrigation water amount percentage based on evapo-transpiration of the crop (ETc) (100%ETc, 75%ETc and 50%ETc) and three types of furrow irrigation water application method (alternate furrow, fixed furrow and conventional furrow) were used in randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications. The pooled mean of two year data showed different level of deficit irrigation had a significant effect (p<0.05)><0.01) variation among treatments due to deficit irrigation on dry biomass yield per hectare, dry leaf yield per hectare, essential oil yield per hectare and water use efficiency. However, different deficit irrigation level had no significant influence on wet harvesting index. The highest fresh biomass, dry biomass, fresh leaf, dry leaf and essential oil yield per harvesting cycle of 12093kg/ha, 3746kg/ha, 8133kg/ha, 2441.1kg/ha and 37.0kg/ha respectively was obtained due to 100%ETc with conventional furrow application method. Moreover, the highest water use efficiency of 16.3x10-3kg/m3 was achieved due to deficit irrigation to 50%ETc with alternate furrow irrigation water application method. The study showed that the best treatment is deficit irrigation to 50%ETc with conventional furrow application method which had no significant variation with treatments that showed higher yields of spearmint including water use efficiency.
Author: Norman Uphoff
Title: Agroecological Management of Soil Systems for Food, Water, Climate Resilience, and Biodiversity
Date: December 6, 2019
Presented at: The Knowledge Dialogue on the Occasion of World Soil Day
Venue: United Nations, New York
Effect of saline water irrigation and different management practices on soil ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
Effects of salinity stress on growth, Water use efficiency and biomass partit...Innspub Net
Future crop production is predicted to face significant challenges from salinity stress due to secondary salinization. Therefore future-proofing crop production in these conditions is an essential path towards addressing food security. We evaluated the effect of irrigation with water of 0, 4 and 8 ppt salinity on growth, biomass partitioning, WUE and chlorophyll fluorescence of Vernonia hymenolepis A.Rich as ameliorated by fertilization with three levels of NPK20:10:10. Data were analysed for variance using the General Linear Model ANOVA procedure, after positive tests for normality and homogeneity of variance. Means were separated through the Dunnett test. Pearson Correlation was done to determine relationship between variables and these were spatially projected using the Factor Analysis procedure, without rotation. Under fertilization at 8 g NPK20:10:10 per plant, growth was stimulated by salinity increase to 4 ppt (35.43cm) compared to 30.43cm for control plants. Fertilizer application significantly improved all the biomass fractions of plants irrigated with water of 4 ppt relative to the control, while root:shoot ratios were highest for unfertilized plants indicating resource re-allocation to roots for better foraging. Chlorophyll fluorescence ranged between 0.716 and 0.727 and did not differ significantly across treatments. These values indicate that all treatments were under stress, including control plants. Values of WUE and RGR indicate that fertilization of plants irrigated with water of 4ppt salinity enhances growth and Harvest Index of V. hymenolepis, in spite of the registered stress. This is significant to future food security.
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A field experiment was conducted during 2010 and 2011, under three replications. One row in Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed/ every furrow irrigation increased plant height by 7.94 %, stem girth by 46.47 per cent, and dry matter at maturity by 23.69 % over conventional sowing/ conventional irrigation. Similarly, number of leaves increased by 19.26 and 24.65 % leaf area by 25.83 and 26.65 %, over conventional practice at 60 and 90 days after sowing, respectively. Besides, it resulted 1.91 and 1.82 % higher total chlorophyll over conventional practice at 30 and 60 days after sowing, respectively and increased grain by 60.72 %, biological 42.44 % and stover yield by 30.2 % over conventional practice and also resulted 3.43 higher starch and 12.05 % protein content over conventional practice. One row in FIRB/ every furrow irrigation, had 62.1, 51.5 and 42.9 % higher uptake for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium over conventional practice of crop establishment, respectively. Get more articles: http://goo.gl/FAvGnB
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This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
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Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
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In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Effect of Drip Irrigation and Fertilizer Management on Capsicum (Capsicum Annum L)
1. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS)
e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 8, Issue 1 Ver. I (Jan. 2015), PP 10-13
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/2380-08111013 www.iosrjournals.org 10 | Page
Effect of Drip Irrigation and Fertilizer Management on
Capsicum (Capsicum Annum L)
Kohire Patil V.O and J.C Das
Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture,
Assam Agricultural University Jorhat (Assam)-785013
Abstract: An experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2008-09 to study the effect of drip irrigation
and fertilizer management on Capsicum at Research area farms of Assam Agriculture University Jorhat
(Assam) India. Result reviled that the effect of drip irrigation and fertilizer management treatments (T3) were
significant in respect of percent nitrogen content both in plant (2.18%) and fruits (1.19%). Similarly the highest
uptake af p2o5 by plants (7.37 kg/ha) and by fruits (3.64 kg/ha) k2o by plant (47.05 kg/ha) and by fruits (26.07
kg/ha) recorded in treatment T3 at 100% EPR alone with the application of 75% RD of N and K through drip.
The total Uptake of N (69.16 kg/ha) p2o 5 (11.0 kg/ha) and K20 (73.12 kg/ha) were also significant over the
treatment T9 (N-48.27 kg/ha)p2o 5 (7.41 kg/ha) and K2o (48.85 kg/ha) respectively. The nutrient status
determined in terms of available N, p2o 5, and K+O in kg/ha was significantly influenced by different drip
irrigation and fertilizer management significantly highest fruit yield (87.20 q/ha) was recorded in drip irrigation
at 100 EPR along application of 75 % Rd of N through drip irrigation over treatments.
I. Introduction
Water supply is major constraint to crop production and efficient use of water in any irrigation system
is becoming important particularly in arid and semiarid region where water is a source commodity. Water is the
source of life and has a special place in our planet. However the world now faces very serious global warming
problem and therefore, concern of newer and more efficient irrigation methods is in demand. Drip irrigation is
an advanced system through which water can be applied precisely, judiciously and uniformly with the help of
regulatory system direct to the root of the crop. At the same time, adequate fertilization both in time and through
method application to maintain optimum nutrient supply for optimum growth and development of the crop are
also equally important towards the higher productivity. The primary advantage of this system is that fertilizer
can be injected through irrigation water Nijamodeen and Dharmasena(2002).Drip irrigation include improves
the water use efficiency, nutrient uptake and quality of the produce, increase plant growth and development,
higher yield and improved quality and its flexibility in scheduling water application. Application of water
soluble fertilizer through micro-irrigation system like drip (fertigation) is gaining importance in present day
agriculture to boost the production and productivity of various crops. The fertigation of chilli with 100 %
recommended N saved 40% water and produced 52% higher yield over check-basin furthermore, only 50% N
applied through fertigation fruit yield was equivalent to that obtained using a check-basin. Fertilizer through
drip irrigation system can efficiently place nutrients in wetted zone where in the roots are at the highest
concentration. Capsicum requires high demand of water and fertilizer and is very sensitive to water stress
condition particularly during the establishment period and fruit setting. As Capsicum is energy rich crop the
nutrient requirement is very high throughout its growing period. judicious application of irrigation at a regulated
interval through drip irrigation which aims to supply only required amount of water of fruit yield of Capsicum
Mahajanet.al(2007).Hence a study was carried out to increase the yield potential of Capsicum was under taken
in order to assess the effect of drip irrigation and fertilizer management on growth and yield of Capsicum
cultivar California wonder
II. Materials And Methods
The field experiment was conducted at experimental farm of the department of Horticulture, Assam
Agriculture University, Jorhat during the rabi season of 2008-09 on Capsicum variety California wonder. The
research farm is located at a latitude of 260
47’N, longitude of 940
12’E and elevation of 86.56 from mean sea
level. Geologically, the farm area forms within the upper Brahmaputra valley zone of Assam. Climatic
parameters were recorded at a meteorological observatory. The total rainfall during the Capsicum growing
season (November-December) was quite lower by 124.27 mm than those of the average rainfall .The monthly
maximum temperature ranged from 30.500
C in March to 21.700
C during February and the maximum
temperature ranged from 8.640
C in January to 17.400
C in March and minimum relative humidity 85.40% to
98.0% during the cropping season varied widely. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture
acidic in reaction with Ph 5.2.The organic carbon content of the soil was 6.6 g/Kg, with available Nitrogen (285
2. Effect of drip irrigation and fertilizer management on Capsicum (Capsicum annum L)
DOI: 10.9790/2380-08111013 www.iosrjournals.org 11 | Page
Kg/ha),Phosphorus (48.6 Kg/ha) and high in Potassium (210.0 Kg/ha) respectively. The experiment was
conducted in randomized block design (RBD) replicated thrice. The treatments included two levels of drip
irrigation regimes viz. drip irrigation at 100% EpR and drip at 75 % EpR, two methods of application of
fertilizer viz N and K applied through drip and all dose applied in soil and two levels of fertilizer application viz
100 % recommended dose of fertilizer and 75 % RDF along with an additional treatment surface irrigation
combined with 100% RDF applied in soil. The combination of two drip irrigation regimes, two methods of
fertilizer applications and two doses of fertilizer resulting in eight treatments combinations which were
compared with the surface irrigation combined with 100% RDF applied in soil. Thus, all together nine
treatments were included in experiment. Each plant was provided with 1 emitter 5 cm away from seedling,drip
irrigation scheduling was done at 100 % of open pan evaporation. In drip irrigation scheduling was done based
on irrigation depth/cumulative pan evaporation (IW/CPE) = 1 to 4 cm depth. The gross size and the net plot size
were 4 x 3 m and 2.5 x 2.5 m respectively. Water soluble solid fertilizer Urea and MOP were applied through
drip irrigation in six equal splits.
Water requirement (litter/2 days/plant) = Ep xKpX A
Where, Ep = cumulative pan evaporation for 2 days (cm),Kp = Pan coefficient factor = 0.7,
A =Area/Plant (cm2
)
Time required to run the system = Quantity of water required/per plant/2 days
Drip discharge
All agronomic practices and pest control measures were adopted as per recommendation.
III. Result And Disscussion
It is seen from the data presented in table -1 that the total water use under different quantity of water
applied through drip .It was observed that irrigation requirement in case of drip irrigation at 100% EpR was
14.40 cm, while it was 10.80 cm in case of drip drip irrigation at 75 % EpR and the total water used varied from
21.15 cm to 25.15 cm. The highest irrigation requirement of 24.00 cm requiring 6 irrigation each of 4 cm depth
as well as total water used (34.75 cm) were recorded under the conventional method of surface irrigation.
However depth of irrigation water was considerably varied due to intensity of irrigation and there by showed
higher total water used under drip irrigation at 100 % EpR (25.11 cm) over that of drip irrigation at 75 % EpR
(21.57 cm).The highest total water used was recorded under the treatment T2 (362.55 Kg/Ha cm), which was
closely followed by the treatment T3 (347.68 Kg/ha-cm).Irrigation water use efficiency value was the lowest of
183.40 Kg cm was observed in treatment T9.Similar findings have been reported of earlier worker on water use
efficiency by (Tumbre and Bhoite,2002, Muralikrishhasamyet al 2006 and Mahajanet al,2007) irrespective of
crop
Effect on Percent Nutrient Content in Plant and Fruits:
The effect of drip irrigation and fertilizer management treatments were significantly in respect of
percent nitrogen content both in plant and fruits. The percent content of nitrogen due to the treatment T3 were
significantly highest in both plants (2.18%)and in fruits (1.19%),(Table 1).Similarly higher per cent of P2O5 in
fruit was recorded with the treatment T3 (0.190%)which was closely followed by T1 (0.188%)and T3 (0.187%)
respectively. The percent of potassium varied from 2.00-2.17% in plants. The percent content of potassium in
fruits significantly higher values were observed under the treatment T1 (1.34%)(Table 1).
The percent content of N,P2O5 and K2O in plants and fruits except percent content of P2O5 and K2O in
plants were significantly influenced by different drip irrigation and fertilizer management treatments, the
treatment T3 produced significantly higher values of N,P2O5 and K2O in both plants and fruits over other
treatments. The higher nutrients content under the drip irrigated treatments over the surface irrigation might be
done to frequent application of irrigation and fertilizer in drip with low concentration, for which the nutrients
were effectively utilized as these were direct contact with root system with negligible loss through leaching
beyond the deeper depth of the soil profile. The treatment T3i.e drip irrigation at 100% EpR alone with
application of 75% RD of N and K through drip produced significantly higher uptake of N both by plants
(46.33Kg/ha) and fruit (22.83kg/ha).In regards to uptake of phosphrous by both plants and fruit to different
treatments were significant. Highest uptake of (P2O5) by plants (7.37kg/ha) and by fruits (3.64 kg/ha) was
recorded under the treatment T3.
The treatment T3i.e drip irrigation at 100% EpR along with application of 75% R D of N and K through
drip produced significantly higher uptake of K2O both by plants (47.05 jg/ha) and fruits (26.07 kg/ha) over the
treatment T9.The total uptake of N (69.16 kg/ha),P2O5 (11.00 kg/ha) and K2O (73.12 Kg/ha)were also
significantly under this treatment over the treatment T9 (N-48.27,P2O5-7.41 and K2O-48.85 Kg/ha) respectively.
The higher uptake of all the nutrients due to drip irigation and N and K applied through drip might be continued
3. Effect of drip irrigation and fertilizer management on Capsicum (Capsicum annum L)
DOI: 10.9790/2380-08111013 www.iosrjournals.org 12 | Page
by increased nutrient content in both plants and fruits coupled with increased yields observed under th above
treatments over the surface irrigation combined with fertilizer applied in soil. these observations are in
consonance with the findings and Badaret al (2007)and Sharma et al (2009) on tomato,Bhanu and Mahavishan
(2008) on lady’s finger and Tumbare (2004) on capsicum.Significantly higher uptake of nutrients
duetofertigation over conventional surface irrigation.
Nutrient Status of Soil after Harvest:
The nutrieentstatous determined in terms of available N,P2O5 and K2O in kg/ha was significantly
influenced by different drip irrigation and fertilizer management treatments (Table-2).Significantly higher
values in all these aspect were observer under drip irrigation and fertilizer applied through drip over the
treatments where applied in soil.as the drip fertigation restricts the leaching losses of fertilizer beyond 30-40 cm
soil depth ,this might be led to better nutrient statous of soil compared to the conventional irrigation combined
with fertilizer applied in soil.
Table 1: Percent Content of N, P2O5 and K2O in Plants and Fruits As Influenced By Drip Irrigation and
Fertilizer Management.
Treatments
Per cent N content Per cent P2O5 content Per cent K2O content
Plant Fruit Plant Fruit Plant Fruit
T1 - 100 % EpR + 100 % RD of N & K through
drip
2.14 1.17 0.32 0.188 2.06 1.34
T2 - 75 % EpR + 100 % RD of N & K through
drip
2.15 1.15 0.31 0.185 2.12 1.29
T3 - 100 % EpR + 75% RD of N & K through
drip
2.18 1.19 0.34 0.190 2.17 1.36
T4 - 75 % EpR + 75% RD of N & K through
drip
2.13 1.13 0.32 0.182 2.07 1.29
T5 - 100 % EpR + 100 % RD of N & K soil
application
2.11 1.16 0.32 0.187 2.06 1.31
T6 - 75% EpR + 100 % RD of N & K soil
application
2.08 1.13 0.30 0.179 2.08 1.28
T7 - 100 % EpR + 75 % RD of N & K soil
application
2.10 1.12 0.32 0.176 2.00 1.26
T8 - 75 % EpR + 75 % RD of N & K soil
application
2.05 1.00 0.31 0.170 2.06 1.18
T9 - Surface + 100 % RDF soil application 2.07 0.98 0.30 0.173 2.02 1.09
S. Ed.± 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.014
C.D. (5 %) 0.03 0.02 NS 0.003 NS 0.029
Table 2: Uptake Of Nutrients N, P2O5 And K2O By Plants And Fruits, Total Uptake Of Nutrients And
Fruit Yield By Drip Irrigation And Fertilizer Management.
Treatments
Uptake of N
(Kg/ha)
Uptake of
P2O5 (Kg/ha)
Uptake of K2O
(Kg/ha)
Total uptake of
nutrients (Kg/ha)
Total uptake of nutrients
(Kg/ha)
Fruit
yield
(Q/ha
)
Plant Fruit Plant
Frui
t
Plan
t
Fruit N P2O5 K2O5 N P2O5 K2O5
T1- 100 % EpR +
100 % RD of N
and K through drip
40.54 20.72 6.05 3.18 38.57 23.74 61.26 9.36 62.30 207.60 39.90 165.87 80.53
T2-75 % EpR +
100 % RD of N
and K through drip
35.88 19.75 5.97 3.18 37.76 22.15 55.63 9.15 59.97 209.90 40.16 163.16 78.13
T3-100% EpR +
75% RD of N and
K through drip
46.33 22.83 7.37 3.64 47.05 26.07 69.16
11.0
0
73.12 212.62 42.16 186.96 87.20
T4-75 % EpR +
75% RD of Nand
K through drip
37.28 19.47 5.57 3.06 36.03 21.63 56.75 8.62 57.56 204.09 38.49 160.86 76.26
T5-100 % EpR +
100 % RD of N
and K soil
application
37.93 19.94 5.75 3.21 37.06 22.50 57.87 8.96 59.56 209.20 38.16 162.98
78.13
T6-75 % EpR +
100 % RD of Nand
K soil application
34.88 18.15 5.00 2.84 34.69 20.31 53.03 7.93 55.00 204.85 36.74 160.38 72.16
T7-100 % EpR +
75 % RD of N and
K soil application
35.91 17.60 5.25 2.76 35.23 19.81 53.51 8.00 55.04 199.92 34.76 158.01 71.46
T8-75 % EpR + 75
% RD of N and K
33.49 15.13 5.06 2.57 33.65 17.85 48.62 7.63 51.50 197.83 34.39 155.87 68.80
4. Effect of drip irrigation and fertilizer management on Capsicum (Capsicum annum L)
DOI: 10.9790/2380-08111013 www.iosrjournals.org 13 | Page
soil application
T9-Surface + 100
% RDF soil
application
34.42 13.85 4.99 2.42 33.61 15.24 48.27 7.41 48.85 194.14 32.44 152.98 63.73
SEd ± 1.55 0.83 0.34 0.11 0.74 0.79 1.78 0.41 1.19 0.05 0.3 0.02 2.15
CD 5 % 3.29 1.77 0.72 0.23 1.58 1.68 3.78 0.87 2.52 0.12 0.7 0.04 6.45
RFD –Recommended dose of fertilizer
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