Cultivars have a significant impact on the storage life of fruits and flowers. For apples, Royal Gala and Mondial Gala showed better storage characteristics than Golden Delicious and Red Delicious. In mangoes, cultivars like Alphonso are best for long term storage. For grapes, GrannyVal had a shorter storage life than Fry or Summit. In flowers, chrysanthemum cultivar Red Boon Time had a longer vase life when grown with higher fertilizer levels. Gladiolus cultivar Hybrid 1 showed better performance in solutions compared to other cultivars like White Prosperity and American Beauty. The storage life of agricultural products can be extended by selecting appropriate cultiv

1. EFFECT OF
CULTIVARS IN
STORAGE LIFE OF
FRUITS & FLOWERS
PRODUCE
Himanshu Bhatt

2. • INTRODUCTION
• Objectives of Storage
• Quality Characteristics and Criteria
• Factors Affecting Storage Quality
• FRUITS
• FLOWERS
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE2

3. INTRODUCTION
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE3
STORAGE LIFE.
The period of time during which fruits and fruit produce can
be stored under specified temperature conditions and remain
suitable for use.
VASE LIFE.
The period during which a cut flower or cut foliage retains its
appearance in a vase. This is a major consideration in
identifying plant species suitable for use in the cut flower
industry, plants with a long vase life being far more desirable
than those with a short vase life.

4. OBJECTIVES OF STORAGE
increase the time of fresh state
slow biological activity of the produce at low temperature
with controlled temperature.
reduce product drying and slow growth of microorganisms
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE4

5. Quality Characteristics and Criteria
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE5
 Growth, development, and aging.
 Flower senescence.
Some flowers are extremely long-lived, especially in the
Asteraceae and Orchidaceae families, while others are short-lived,
including many of the bulb crops, likeTulip, Iris, and Narcissus.
 Wilting.
Extended life for cut ornamentals depends absolutely on a
continuing and adequate supply of water.

6. April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE6
 Leaf yellowing and senescence.
Yellowing of leaves and other organs (buds, stems) is commonly
associated with the end of display life in some flowers; e.g., alstroemeria
.
 Shattering.
Abscission and loss of leaves, buds, petals, flowers, or even branchlets .

7. Factors Affecting Storage Quality
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE7
 Variety.
some of the modern alstroemeria cultivars have wonderful flowers, but their
display life is short because of rapid leaf yellowing under commercial conditions.
Preharvest factors.
Disease free plants that were properly irrigated and fertilized will produce flowers
that look better and perform better in the vase. However, the large leaves on roses
grown under supplementary light with CO2 fertilization make them more
susceptible to postharvest wilting.

8. April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE8
Food Supply.
The quality and vase-life of many cut flowers can be improved by pulsing
them immediately after harvest with a sugar solution for a short period,
usually less than 24 h, often at low temperature e.g., tuberose, where
storage-life and opening are dramatically improved; gladiolus, where
flowers open further up the spike, are bigger, with a longer vase-life; and
sweet peas, where vase-life was improved .
Light, Temperature & R.H.
Water Supply. Generally crops that have higher moisture content have
poorer storage characteristics.
Cut flowers, especially those with large leaf areas, should be stored above
95% RH to minimize water loss, particularly during long-term storage.
i. Air embolism
ii. Bacterial plugging.
iii. HardWater.

9. April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE9
Water Quality.
Chemicals present in tap water like Na or Fluoride will cause
salt burn to carnations and roses & damage to gaillardia,
gerbera, gladiolus, roses and freesia., respectively.
Harvesting/ PluckingTime. Late-harvested Braeburn
apples were more susceptible to flesh and core browning.
Nutrients.
Compositional Changes.
Mechanical Damage.

10. FRUITS

11. EFFECT OF CULTIVARS ON STORAGE
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE11
 Tolerance to elevatedCO2 concentration,
 Tolerance to low O2 concentration,
 T.S.S. Count,
 Anti-oxidant,
 Delayed decay, respiration rate ,
 Chilling injury,
 Browning,
 Textural changes,
 Insect infestations, etc.

12. KEY POINTS REGARDING CULTIVARS
FOR BETTER STORAGE
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE12
Late harvest lowers the shelf life of fruits, while early with
poor quality and uneven ripening
Maturity indices,
Nature of fruit,
The purpose of which required and distance it has to be
transported,
No damage

13. April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE13
oil cultivars that are chilling-sensitive should not be
stored at chilling temperatures
In some fruits, smaller to medium sized fruits store
better than the larger fruits, etc.
 i). Dry processing fruits. e.g., berries, cherry, citrus
fruits, grape, lychee, pineapple, pomegranate,
strawberry, and tamarillo.
ii.)Wet processing fruits. e.g., apple, apricot, avocado,
banana, cherimoya, guava, kiwifruit, mango,
nectarine, papaya, passion fruit, pear, peach,
persimmon, plum, quince, and sapota.
……

14. Apple
In an experiment for Red delicious, Golden Delicious, Royal
Gala, Mondial Gala…. At 5º C+/- 1 º C& 60-70% RH for 150
days.
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE14
Cultivar Weight
Loss (%)
Juice Content
(%)
TSS (%) Total
Sugars (%)
Ascorbic
acid
(mg/100 g)
Firmness (%)
Royal Gala 2.43 b 52.04 b 11.26 10.83 11.43 5.08
Mondial Gala 2.35 b 54.40 ab 11.24 10.85 11.53 5.09
Golden Delicious 2.83 a 52.43 b 11.66 11.29 10.27 5.34
Red Delicious 2.42 b 58.54 a 11.79 11.31 12.49 5.85
SOURCE : Storage performance of apple cultivars harvested at different Stages of maturity
I. Jan, A. Rab and M. Sajid

15. April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE15
Similarly , in an experiment conducted on new cultivars SPA365, SPA628
and SPA813 from the Summerland Apple Breeding Program by Peter M.A.
Toivonen agriculture and Agri-FoodCanada,
 experiments revealed that SPA365 and 813 responded well to 1-MCP
over short term, air
storage.
 SPA 628, while having a similar ripening has superior firmness retention
and much higher titratable acidity.

16. AMBRI KASHMIRI can be stored for almost double the length of
time.
Other varieties which can be kept well for 16-26 weeks:
• Delicious,
• Jonathan
• Baldwin,
• Winter banana,
• Yellow ton,
• Rome beauty.
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE16

17. Mango
 In an experiment on cultivars, …Haden, Irwin, Kent, and Keitt mangos stored
at 16-28°C and 85-90% RH …
• Weight loss was slightly higher at 25° and 28°C than at 16-22°C. Breakdown in
acidity during ripening was slower at 16°C.
• Vitamin C showed two basic trends; a general decrease as in Haden, Irwin, and
Keitt or a steady increase as in Kent.
• Total and β-carotenoids were significantly higher at 22-28°C than at 16-20°C.
• No significant differences observed w.r.t. carbohydrate and S.S.C. The pattern
of chemical changes were strikingly similar in all the varieties.
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE17
SOURCE:Compositional Changes in Mango Fruit During Ripening at DifferentStorageTemperatures
C.VAZQUEZ-SALINAS;S. LAKSHMINARAYANA

18. April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE18
Similarly, six cultivars (‘Kaew’, ‘Rad’, ‘Okrong’, ‘Tongdum’,
‘Nam Dok Mai’ and ‘Nungklangwun’) were stored at 4, 8 and
12 °C (85–90% RH) and randomly sampled every 5 days.
• storage life was limited by skin discoloration.
• seed tissue of most cultivars became brittle during storage at
4 and 8 °C
• ‘Rad’ fruit could be stored at 12 °C for 15 days and ‘Okrong’
fruit for as long as 25 days.
SOURCE:Variation in fruit chilling injury among mango cultivars
Wandee P., Saichol Ketsa

19. In an other experiment on Langra and the Khirshapat in Bavistin DF (BDF)
solution (namely, 250, 500, and 750 ppm)
• Langra enriched a greater quantity of titratable acidity andTSS at 3rd day,
over the Khirshapat.
• Khirshapat showed increased pulp pH andTSS at all the storage duration.
SOURCE:Changes in Acidity,TSS, and Sugar Content atDifferent Storage Periods of the Postharvest Mango Influenced by
Bavistin DF
Md. Khairul Islam, M. Z. H. Khan, M. A. R. Sarkar, Nurul Absar
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE19

20. Alphonso is the best variety for long term storage, as due to minimal
fiber content., and also for canning:
Banglora has also exceptional keeping quality .
Storage recommendations for some varieties are as follows:
Alphonso
5.6–7.2°C and 85–90% r.h. (Mathur et al. 1953)
8–10°C and 85–90% r.h. for up to 4 weeks (Anon 1967).
7–9°C and 90% r.h. for 7 weeks (Snowdon 1990).
Neelum
5.6–7.2°C and 85–90% r.h. (Mathur et al. 1953)
5.5–9°C and 90% r.h. for 5–6 weeks (Snowdon1990).
Raspuri
5.6–7.2°C and 85–90% r.h. (Mathur et al. 1953)
7–9°C and 85–90% r.h. for 4–7 weeks (Anon 1967)
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE20
 Calcium Chloride(6%) had proved quite effective in enhancing the shelf
life of Dushehari mango fruits up to 12 days at room temperature.

21. Citrus fruits
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE21
Tahiti(persian) limes can be stored at 9-10ºC, 85-
90% R.H. for 6-8 weeks.
Orange variety picked early in the season are
most susceptible with shorter storage life
For juice extraction Malta Blood Red , Mosambi,
Washington novel, Nagpur santara are generally
used.

22. Grapes
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE22
In an experiment on cultivars of muscadine grape cultivars viz.,Fry,
Summit & GrannyVal…. At 0ºC for 6 weeks….
• ∆m % = GrannyVal > Fry > Summit.
• Cultivar GrannyVal was most noticeable wrinkled as early as 2 weeks.
SOURCE: Shelf life study of muscadine grapes for fresh fruit market.
J. James, G.Dixon

23. April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE23
no chilling or low temperature breakdown occurs in the grape
cultivar of "Anab-E-Shahi" stored at 3° and 8°C for 45 days.
Use of SO2 packets generally increases the shelf life.
Flame Seedless harvested at optimum maturity can be stored for
40-45 days at 0-2ºC at 90-95% RH in corrugated fiber box.
For storage ones, grapes should not be picked immediately after
rains.

24. Banana
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE24
Change in respective
content of :
Sabri cultivar Amritsagor cultivar
Titrable acidity Less More
Vitamin C Less More
Reducing sugar Less More
Non-reducing sugar More less
 In an experiment for two cultivars of banana viz., Sabri and Amritsagor in
polyethylene bags with ventilation and stored at cold storage (20 ± 20C) till
rejectable stage…..

25. FLOWERS

26. KEY POINTS REGARDING CULTIVARS FOR
BETTER STORAGE
• Quality
• Stem length
• Fragrance
• Freshness
• Color
• Foliage injury, etc.
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE26

27. Chrysanthemum
For transport, before dispatching, rooted plants are given less H2O
than the required for a few days.
Among cultivars, viz., Pot Score , FineTime, Red BoonTime
vase life of Red Boon Time was improved at higher fertility levels of
fertilizers.
At lower density planting, (12 plants/m2 single stem/plant), cultivars
like Chandrama, Corsa have max. vase life (of 40-43 days).
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE27

28. Gladiolus
In an experiment on cultivars, viz., White prosperity, American Beauty,
Nova Lux, Hybrid 1 in a floral preservatives with sugar solution…..
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE28
PARAMETERS Hybrid 1 White Prosperity Nova Lux American
Beauty
Initial wt.(g) 84 70 128 58
Solution 2nd day
uptake(ml) 7th day
30 20 50 25
85 50 - 70
No. of open 2nd day
florets 7th day
2 3 2 1
12 8 8 5
Final wt. 92 82 170 65

29. Cultivars Vase life(days)
American Beauty 8.32
Melody China 8.22
Han van Meegreen 8.44
Melody 8.53
Tropic Sea 8.54
Summer Pearl 7.74
Sylvia 7.82
April 30, 2014
EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE
29
 Vase life of gladiolus hybrids in water :
SOURCE : Evaluation of gladiolus hybrids for yield and quality Cut flower production
Archana b. Bhajantri

30. Gerbera
Three varieties Primrose, Malibu and Sunway to find out the
effect of growing seasons (autumn, winter and spring) in
controlled room with 18±2°C , 68±2% RH and 100 lux light.
• vase life: Sunway > Primrose > Malibu.
• Sunway vase life (18.37 days) in winter, spring (14.8 days) and
autumn (9.57 days).
• the shorter vase lives (5.7 and 7.8 days) were in Malibu and
Primrose respectively harvested in autumn.
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE30

31. ……
• Stalk length (57.88 cm) and floral diameter (10.78 cm) were highest in
autumn while diameter of the stalk (0.64 cm) was the highest in spring.
• Sunway had the highest floral and stalk diameters, while the stalk
length was longer in Malibu and Primrose.
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE31

32. An experiment with different conc. of sucrose (3% and 4%),
AgNO3(20 ppm and 40 ppm), Al2(SO4)3 (200 ppm and 400ppm)
and 8- Hydroxy quinoline citrate (200ppm and 400 ppm) in
combination and one control.
• treatmentT4 (Sucrose 4% + AgNO 3 400 ppm) andT8 (Sucrose 4%
+ 8-HQC 400ppm) gave better results andT8 (Sucrose 4% + 8-HQC
400 ppm) had least cost of maintenance.ThereforeT4 andT8 may
be recommended as commercial use for enhancing the vase life
and quality of cut Gerbera cv. Maron Dementine.
April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE32
SOURCE : Effect of biocides and sucrose on vase life and quality of cut gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) cv. Maron Dementine
PrathameshVaidya ,John P. Collis

33. SUM UP…
• Varieties or cultivars response differently on different preservation
medium
• They also response differently at different temperature and RH.
• Cultivars of mango are generally stored at temp 10ºC, however
Alphonso and Banglora also showed good storage results at 6-7ºC.
• Oil cultivars that are chilling-sensitive should not be stored at chilling
temperatures .
• In cut flower, like Chrysanthemum, for distant transportation, irrigation
should be stopped a few days prior to plucking.
July 22, 2012 Footer text here33

34. April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE34