Early outcomes of topsoil transfer in Banksia woodland restoration in Western Australia (Biodiversity Offset)
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The aim of this project is to restore Banksia Woodlands by optimizing germination and survival of native species from the soil seed bank contained within transferred topsoil. The project is a part of an offset program associated with the development of the Jandakot Airport 25 km south of Perth city. In the first year, key research questions are focussed on enhancing germination by varying depth of returned topsoil, ripping, fencing, weed control and experimental additions of smoke. Subsequent work will examine the survival and persistence of germinants including treatments such as provision of artifical shade. Assessing the efficacy of a spectrum of novel restoration technologies will provide new insights for environmental management of endangered plant communities.
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Early outcomes of topsoil transfer in Banksia woodland restoration in Western Australia (Biodiversity Offset)
- 1. PhD Candidate: Paweł Waryszak Early outcomes of topsoil transfer in Banksia woodland restoration Supervisors: Dr Joe Fontaine, Prof. Neal Enright, Dr Phil Ladd, Dr Rachel Standish Industry Partners: JAH DEC/DPaW
- 2. Old Landscape Nutrient poor soils Heat Fire Mediterranean Type Ecosystems We do not know how to propagate 50% new to science since 1990 6759 plant species in SWA & still growing (Hopper 2004) 80% of Banksia Woodlands have been cleared. High Dormancy (Topsoil)
- 3. Soil Seed Bank Transfer in Restorative Operations • Cost-effective biodiversity return versus planting Time of the year is very important Direct Transfer • Pioneering work by Alcoa in Jarrah Forest (1963) but only in mine (clay) settings • Important lessons: Sandy Uncertainties!
- 4. Regional species pool Local community After Funk et al. 2008 TREE 23: 695–703. Dispersal filter Abiotic filter Biotic filter Community assembly | filter model
- 5. AIMS The role of transferred soil seed bank in restoration success of SCP farm land. To investigate possibilities to optimize restoration success of topsoil seed bank Dispersal Limitation (depths treatment) Abiotic Barrier (ripping treatment) Biotic Barrier (herbivory exclosures treatment)
- 6. 2012-2014 ONGOING February Maypre-2012 BACKROUND DATA ANALYSIS SEEDLINGS SURVIVAL DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION SEEDLING EMERGENCE Plant Traits & Soil Properties Analysis August THESIS PROGRESS HISTORY EXPERIMENT rCHAPTER I CHAPTER III CHAPTER II
- 7. 2015June September December 2013-2014March 2012 Murdoch University Jandakot Airport Forestdale Lake Anketell Road
- 8. June September DecemberMarch OVERVIEW June September December 2013-2014March ripped unripped ripped unripped
- 9. March Site & Plot (4m²) - scale Treatments Design 2015June September December 2013-2014March
- 10. Plot (4m²) Treatments Layout
- 11. JuneMarch Plot-size (4m²) Treatments 2015June September December 2013-2014March 1. Smoke Water Only 2. S. Water + Plastic 3. Plastic Cover Only 4. Heat Weed Control 872.8 733.4 No summer storms 1905-47 1986-2011 2012 2013
- 12. June September DecemberMarch June September December 2013-2014March Germination of native perennials in year I (log-transformed, n=192) Data: Site-scale Treatments Error=95% CI YEAR
- 13. June September DecemberMarch June September December 2013-2014March Germination of native annuals in year I (log-transformed, n=192) Data: Site-scale Treatments Error=95% CI YEAR
- 14. June September DecemberMarch June September December 2013-2014March Germination of native perennials in year II (log-transformed, n>282) Data: Site-scale Treatments Error=95% CI YEAR
- 15. June September DecemberMarch June September December 2013-2014March Germination of native annuals in year II (log-transformed, n>282) Data: Site-scale Treatments Error=95% CI YEAR
- 16. June September DecemberMarch June September December 2013-2014March Data: Site-scale Treatments. SUMMARY. Diversity Index ~ Plant Density (0.7) YEAR Error=95% CI
- 17. June September DecemberMarch June September December 2013-2014March Data: Site-scale Treatments. SYNERGY. Error=95% CI YEAR
- 20. Data: Plot-scale Treatments. Year I Error=95% CI
- 21. Data: Plot-scale Treatments. Year II Error=95% CI
- 22. June September DecemberMarch June September December 2013-2014March Data: Most Abundant Families Year II Perennial: • Ericaceae • Fabaceae • Dilleniaceae Year II Annual: • Asteraceae • Araliaceae • Crassulaceae Year I Perennial: • Fabaceae • Ericaceae • Asparagaceae Year I Annual: • Asteraceae • Araliaceae • Crassulaceae Nr Species Year I Year II Annual 28 26 Perennial 101 89 Total 129 115
- 23. June September DecemberMarch June September December 2013-2014March Data: % Composition of Growth Forms Woody -86% highest in ripped 77-79% even
- 24. June September DecemberMarch June September December 2013-2014March Data: % Input of Nitrogen Fixers N-fixers: 18-21% even N-fixers: 55% highest in ripped
- 25. June September DecemberMarch June September December 2013-2014March Data: % Input of Resprouters 61% Fowler (2015) Resp: 31-34% even Resp: 22-27%
- 28. June September DecemberMarch June September December 2013-2014March Conclusions • Emergence is high in both years since topsoil transfer (annuals respond to rip & depth treatments in year II) • Deep & unripped treatment produce the highest seedlings’ density in Year I • Heat treatment may stimulate extra germination in Year II • Topsoil treatments can affect the environmental filters to some extent but overall survival is Is very low.
- 29. THANK YOU