This document discusses the causes and effects of climate change as well as ways to prevent or reduce it. The major causes outlined are deforestation, agriculture, combustion of fossil fuels, and population growth. Effects include threats to health, natural disasters, water quality/quantity, infectious diseases, and air pollution. Suggested prevention methods include cleaner energy sources, energy saving tips, green driving/transportation, reducing/reusing/recycling, reforestation, organic farming, and green shopping habits. The document also briefly discusses climate change issues specific to Cambodia.

4. Content
I. Introduction
II. Causes of the climate change
1. Deforestation
2. Agriculture
3. The combustion of fossil fuels
4. Population growth
III. The affective of the climate change
1. Health
2. Natural disaster
3. Water quality and quantity
4. Infectious diseases
5. Air pollution

5. IV. How to prevent/reduce climate change
1. Cleaner alternative energy sources
2. Energy saving tips
3. Green driving tips
4. Reduce Reuse Recycle practices
5. Re-forestation
6. Organic farming
7. Green shopping tips
8. Education
V. Climate change in Cambodia
VI. Summary and conclusion

6. I. Introduction
 Climate change is caused by the accumulation of
greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere.
 It happed around the world even the rich country
or the poor country; moreover, it is very likely to
affect the frequency and intensity of weather
event, such as storms and floods, around the
world.
 The climate change can cause sea level rise due
to the thermal expansion of the oceans and the
melting of the mountain glaciers.

7. II. Causes of the climate
change

8. Deforestation
 It is important, first to understand what a
precious resource rainforests play in our world.
They form part of a delicate ecosystem that has
taken millions of years to evolve.
 Rainforests every year help to absorb almost
20% of man made CO2 emissions therefore
deforestation can be classed as a major
contributor to the causes of climate change.

9.  Cutting down rainforests faster than they can
be replaced has a devastating effect on the
carbon emission cycle producing an extra 17%
of greenhouse gases.
 Remember trees absorb CO2. More
deforestation means more CO2 build up in the
atmosphere.
 Deforestation by means of cutting down and
burning these tropical rainforests usually pave
the way for agriculture and industry which often
produce even more CO2.

10. Agriculture
• According to the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, the three main causes of the
increase in greenhouse gases observed over
the past 250 years have been fossil fuels, land
use, and agriculture.
• Agriculture has been shown to produce
significant effects on climate change, primarily
through the production and release of
greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide,
methane, and nitrous oxide.

11.  Another contributing cause of climate change
is when agriculture alters the Earth's land
cover, which can change its ability to absorb or
reflect heat and light.
 Land use change such as deforestation and
desertification, together with use of fossil fuels,
are the major anthropogenic sources of carbon
dioxide.

12. The combustion of fossil fuels
• Fossil fuel combustion (FFC) wastes are the
wastes produced from the burning of fossil
fuels (i.e., coal, oil, natural gas).
• This includes all ash, slag, and particulates
removed from flue gas.
• FFC wastes are categorized by EPA as a
"special waste" and have been exempted from
federal hazardous waste regulations under
Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA).

13. Human influences
• There are a number of anthropogenic factors
that are responsible for change in the Earth's
environment.
• The result of human influence on the climate is
not only direct, but also unambiguous.
• Increase in carbon dioxide levels arising from
fossil fuel combustion, release of aerosols or
particulate matter, extensive land use and
deforestation have resulted in severe climatic
change.

14.  Factors known as 'feedbacks' either amplify or
reduce the effect of climate change on human
life.
 These feedbacks comprise a number of
interconnected processes that trigger a shift in
related or subsequent changes in the Earth's
climate.
 Among the most significant indicators of
climate change on the planet are glaciers,
vegetation, permafrost regions, fossil
palynomorphs and global average sea levels.

15. III. The affective of the climate
change

16. Health
 To assess the potential impacts of climate
change on health, it is necessary to consider
both the sensitivity and vulnerability of
populations for specific health outcomes to
changes in temperature, rainfall, humidity,
storminess, and so on.
 Vulnerability is a function both of the changes
to exposure in climate and of the ability to
adapt to that exposure

17. • Science classically operates empirically, via
observation, interpretation, and replication.
However, having initiated a global experiment,
it would not be advisable to wait decades for
sufficient empirical evidence to describe the
health consequences.
• It is important to distinguish between "climate
and health" relationships and "weather and
health" relationships. Climate variability occurs
on many time scales. Weather events occur at
daily time scale and are associated with many
health impacts (e.g., heatwaves and floods).
Climate variability at other time scales also
affects health.

18. Natural disaster
• Climate change will increase the risk of both
floods and droughts. Ninety percent of disaster
victims worldwide live in developing countries,
where poverty and population pressures force
growing numbers of people to live in harm's way
—on flood plains and on unstable hillsides.
Unsafe buildings compound the risks.
• The vulnerability of those living in risk-prone
areas is perhaps the single most important
cause of disaster casualties and damage.

19. Water quality and quantity
• By reducing fresh water supplies, climate change
may affect sanitation and lower the efficiency of
local sewer systems, leading to increased
concentrations of pathogens in raw water
supplies.
• Climate change may also reduce the water
available for drinking and washing. In developed
countries, the anticipated increase in extreme
rainfall events, which may be associated with the
outbreaks of diarrheal diseases, may overwhelm
the public water supply system. Flooding is likely
to become more frequent with climate change
and can affect health through the spread of

20. Infectious diseases
• Climate change may alter the distribution of
important vector species, and this may increase
the risk of introducing disease into new areas.
• Temperature can also influence the
reproduction and survival of the infective agent
within the vector, thereby further influencing
disease transmission in areas where the vector
is already present. However, the ecology and
transmission dynamics of vector-borne
diseases are complex.

21. Air pollution
• The air is full of particles and gases that may
affect human health, such as pollen, fungal
spores, and pollutants from fossil fuel
emissions.
• Weather conditions influence air pollution via
pollutant (or pollutant precursor) transport
and/or formation.
• Exposures to air pollutants have serious public
health consequences.
• Climate change, by changing pollen production,
may affect timing and duration of seasonal
allergies.

22.
IV. How to prevent/reduce climate
change
1. Cleaner alternative energy sources
• Some of these cleaner sources of renewable
energy include wind energy, solar energy,
water or hydropower, biomass, and geothermal
energy.
• By reducing our reliance on and usage of fossil
fuels, and tapping on alternative and greener
sources of energy, not only are we helping to
reduce the release of greenhouse gases
(especially carbon dioxide) into the
atmosphere, and hence helping to reduce
global warming and fight climate change, we
are also helping to ensure the sustainability of

23. 2. Energy saving tips
• we need to learn how to conserve our energy
sources. (Even if we discover the green
energy sources to last us forever, it is still a
good value to not be wasteful).
• To do so, we can adopt energy saving tips like
using energy-saving appliances like the
compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs,
switching off our electrical appliances when
they are not in use.

24. 3. Green driving tips
 In fact, after coal-burning power plants,
automobiles are the second largest source of
carbon dioxide. Which is why cutting
greenhouse gas emissions from automobiles is
a critical strategy to fighting global warming
and climate change.
 The best strategy on how to reduce climate
change is definitely to reduce the use of
automobiles.
 Use public transport or carpool if you can,
instead of driving your own car.

25. 4. Reduce Reuse Recycle practices
 The culture of consumerism today encourages
people to buy and throw, with little consideration
for the impact of such unsustainable
consumption on the world. For each item that
we purchase and use, energy and resources
are used in its manufacture, packaging,
transportation and retail, and ultimately its
disposal. Pollution is created each step of the
process, and substantial greenhouse gases are
also released. It is time we think twice about the
way we are living life.

26. 5. Re-forestation
• The cleanest and most efficient remover of
carbon dioxide from our atmosphere actually
comes free.
• This remover is a gift from nature – our green
plants and trees. Unfortunately, we have taken
this gift for granted.
• The rate at which we are cutting down our trees
and forests to make way for human
developments has greatly reduced the earth’s
ability to remove carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere.
• This has in turn contributed to a faster rate of

27. 6. Organic farming
• Soils are an important sink for atmospheric
carbon dioxide.
• Sustainable and organic agriculture helps to
counteract climate change by restoring soil
organic matter content as well as reduce soil
erosion and improve soil physical structure.
• Organic farming also does not use chemical
fertilizers that release substantial nitrous oxide
and methane (greenhouse gases) into the
environment, and as such reduces global
warming, while at the same time maintaining
crop yields.

28. 7. Green shopping tips
 One point on how to reduce climate change
through green shopping tips is to buy local
products instead of those produced overseas.
 Transporting exotic fruits and vegetables from
one destination to another requires a lot of
energy, usually from the burning of fossil fuel,
which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions
and global warming.

29. 8. Education
 While it is important that we start practicing
green living tips and fight climate change from
this moment, it is not enough.
 In fact, schools and institutions also have an
important part to play in this process of
education – educating our children on the
importance of protecting the earth will help us
(and them) secure the future of the planet.

30. V. Climate change in Cambodia
 The average temperature in Cambodia has
increased since 1960 by 0.8°C, and with it the
frequency of unusually hot days and nights has
increased as well.
 A further 0.3-0.6°C increase is expected by
2025.
 Temperature increases will be more severe
from December to June.

31. VI. Summary and conclusion