Terms from Ch 8 Early Childhood Biosocial Development

1. FLASH CARDS
Chapter 8
EDU 145
Child Development II

2. The process by which axons become
coated with myelin, a fatty substance that
speeds the transmission of nerve impulses
from neuron to neuron.
The process by which axons become
coated with myelin, a fatty substance that
speeds the transmission of nerve impulses
from neuron to neuron.
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3. myelination
The process by which axons become
coated with myelin, a fatty substance
that speeds the transmission of nerve
impulses from neuron to neuron.
The process by which axons become
coated with myelin, a fatty substance
that speeds the transmission of nerve
impulses from neuron to neuron.
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4. A long, thick band of nerve fibers that
connects the left and right hemispheres of
the brain and allows communication
between them.
A long, thick band of nerve fibers that
connects the left and right hemispheres of
the brain and allows communication
between them.
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5. corpus callosum
A long, thick band of nerve fibers that
connects the left and right hemispheres
of the brain and allows communication
between them.
A long, thick band of nerve fibers that
connects the left and right hemispheres
of the brain and allows communication
between them.
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6. Literally, sidedness, referring to the
specialization in certain functions by each
side of the brain, with one side dominant
for each activity. The left side of the brain
controls the right side of the body, and
vice versa.
Literally, sidedness, referring to the
specialization in certain functions by each
side of the brain, with one side dominant
for each activity. The left side of the brain
controls the right side of the body, and
vice versa.
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7. lateralization
Literally, sidedness, referring to the
specialization in certain functions by
each side of the brain, with one side
dominant for each activity. The left side
of the brain controls the right side of
the body, and vice versa.
Literally, sidedness, referring to the
specialization in certain functions by
each side of the brain, with one side
dominant for each activity. The left side
of the brain controls the right side of
the body, and vice versa.
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8. The tendency to persevere in, or stick to,
one thought or action for a long time.
The tendency to persevere in, or stick to,
one thought or action for a long time.
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9. perseveration
The tendency to persevere in, or stick to,
one thought or action for a long time.
The tendency to persevere in, or stick to,
one thought or action for a long time.
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10. A tiny brain structure that registers
emotions, particularly fear and anxiety.
A tiny brain structure that registers
emotions, particularly fear and anxiety.
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11. amygdala
A tiny brain structure that registers
emotions, particularly fear and anxiety.
A tiny brain structure that registers
emotions, particularly fear and anxiety.
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12. A brain structure that is a central
processor of memory, especially memory
for location.
A brain structure that is a central
processor of memory, especially memory
for location.
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13. hippocampus
A brain structure that is a central processor of
memory, especially memory for location.
A brain structure that is a central processor of
memory, especially memory for location.
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14. A brain area that responds to the
amygdala and the hippocampus to
produce hormones that activate other
parts of the brain and body.
A brain area that responds to the
amygdala and the hippocampus to
produce hormones that activate other
parts of the brain and body.
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15. hypothalamus
A brain area that responds to the
amygdala and the hippocampus to
produce hormones that activate other
parts of the brain and body.
A brain area that responds to the
amygdala and the hippocampus to
produce hormones that activate other
parts of the brain and body.
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16. Practices that are aimed at anticipating,
controlling, and preventing dangerous
activities; these practices reflect the
beliefs that accidents are not random and
that injuries can be made less harmful if
proper controls are in place.
Practices that are aimed at anticipating,
controlling, and preventing dangerous
activities; these practices reflect the
beliefs that accidents are not random and
that injuries can be made less harmful if
proper controls are in place.
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17. injury control/harm
reduction
Practices that are aimed at anticipating,
controlling, and preventing dangerous
activities; these practices reflect the
beliefs that accidents are not random
and that injuries can be made less
harmful if proper controls are in place.
Practices that are aimed at anticipating,
controlling, and preventing dangerous
activities; these practices reflect the
beliefs that accidents are not random
and that injuries can be made less
harmful if proper controls are in place.
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18. Actions that change overall background
conditions to prevent some unwanted
event or circumstance, such as injury,
disease, or abuse.
Actions that change overall background
conditions to prevent some unwanted
event or circumstance, such as injury,
disease, or abuse.
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19. primary prevention
Actions that change overall background
conditions to prevent some unwanted
event or circumstance, such as injury,
disease, or abuse.
Actions that change overall background
conditions to prevent some unwanted
event or circumstance, such as injury,
disease, or abuse.
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20. Actions that avert harm in a high-risk
situation, such as stopping a car before it
hits a pedestrian.
Actions that avert harm in a high-risk
situation, such as stopping a car before it
hits a pedestrian.
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21. secondary prevention
Actions that avert harm in a high-risk
situation, such as stopping a car before
it hits a pedestrian.
Actions that avert harm in a high-risk
situation, such as stopping a car before
it hits a pedestrian.
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22. Actions, such as immediate and effective
medical treatment, that are taken after an
adverse event (such as illness or injury)
occurs and that are aimed at reducing the
harm or preventing disability.
Actions, such as immediate and effective
medical treatment, that are taken after an
adverse event (such as illness or injury)
occurs and that are aimed at reducing the
harm or preventing disability.
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23. tertiary prevention
Actions, such as immediate and effective
medical treatment, that are taken after
an adverse event (such as illness or
injury) occurs and that are aimed at
reducing the harm or preventing
disability.
Actions, such as immediate and effective
medical treatment, that are taken after
an adverse event (such as illness or
injury) occurs and that are aimed at
reducing the harm or preventing
disability.
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24. Intentional harm to or avoidable
endangerment of anyone under 18 years
of age.
Intentional harm to or avoidable
endangerment of anyone under 18 years
of age.
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25. child maltreatment
Intentional harm to or avoidable
endangerment of anyone under 18 years
of age.
Intentional harm to or avoidable
endangerment of anyone under 18 years
of age.
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26. Deliberate action that is harmful to a
child’s physical, emotional, or sexual well-
being.
Deliberate action that is harmful to a
child’s physical, emotional, or sexual well-
being.
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27. child abuse
Deliberate action that is harmful to a
child’s physical, emotional, or sexual
well-being.
Deliberate action that is harmful to a
child’s physical, emotional, or sexual
well-being.
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28. Failure to meet a child’s basic physical,
educational, or emotional needs.
Failure to meet a child’s basic physical,
educational, or emotional needs.
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29. child neglect
Failure to meet a child’s basic physical,
educational, or emotional needs.
Failure to meet a child’s basic physical,
educational, or emotional needs.
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30. Harm or endangerment about which
someone has notified authorities.
Harm or endangerment about which
someone has notified authorities.
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31. reported maltreatment
Harm or endangerment about which
someone has notified authorities.
Harm or endangerment about which
someone has notified authorities.
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32. Harm or endangerment that has been
reported, investigated, and verified.
Harm or endangerment that has been
reported, investigated, and verified.
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33. substantiated maltreatment
Harm or endangerment that has been
reported, investigated, and verified.
Harm or endangerment that has been
reported, investigated, and verified.
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34. An anxiety disorder that develops as a
delayed reaction to having experienced or
witnessed a profoundly shocking or
frightening event, such as rape, war, or
natural disaster. Its symptoms may
include flashbacks to the event,
hyperactivity and hypervigilance,
displaced anger, sleeplessness,
nightmares, sudden terror ro anxiety, and
confusion between fantasy and reality.
An anxiety disorder that develops as a
delayed reaction to having experienced or
witnessed a profoundly shocking or
frightening event, such as rape, war, or
natural disaster. Its symptoms may
include flashbacks to the event,
hyperactivity and hypervigilance,
displaced anger, sleeplessness,
nightmares, sudden terror ro anxiety, and
confusion between fantasy and reality.
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35. post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD)
An anxiety disorder that develops as a delayed
reaction to having experienced or witnessed a
profoundly shocking or frightening event, such
as rape, war, or natural disaster. Its symptoms
may include flashbacks to the event,
hyperactivity and hypervigilance, displaced
anger, sleeplessness, nightmares, sudden terror
ro anxiety, and confusion between fantasy and
reality.
An anxiety disorder that develops as a delayed
reaction to having experienced or witnessed a
profoundly shocking or frightening event, such
as rape, war, or natural disaster. Its symptoms
may include flashbacks to the event,
hyperactivity and hypervigilance, displaced
anger, sleeplessness, nightmares, sudden terror
ro anxiety, and confusion between fantasy and
reality.
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36. An effort by child welfare authorities to
find a long-term living situation that will
provide stability and support for a
maltreated child. A goal is to avoid
repeated changes of caregiver or school,
which can be particularly harmful to the
child.
An effort by child welfare authorities to
find a long-term living situation that will
provide stability and support for a
maltreated child. A goal is to avoid
repeated changes of caregiver or school,
which can be particularly harmful to the
child.
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37. permanency planning
An effort by child welfare authorities to find a
long-term living situation that will provide
stability and support for a maltreated child. A
goal is to avoid repeated changes of caregiver
or school, which can be particularly harmful to
the child.
An effort by child welfare authorities to find a
long-term living situation that will provide
stability and support for a maltreated child. A
goal is to avoid repeated changes of caregiver
or school, which can be particularly harmful to
the child.
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38. A legal, publicly supported system in
which a maltreated child is removed from
the parents’ custody and entrusted to
another adult or family, which is
reimbursed for expenses incurred in
meting the child’s needs.
A legal, publicly supported system in
which a maltreated child is removed from
the parents’ custody and entrusted to
another adult or family, which is
reimbursed for expenses incurred in
meting the child’s needs.
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39. foster care
A legal, publicly supported system in which a
maltreated child is removed from the parents’
custody and entrusted to another adult or
family, which is reimbursed for expenses
incurred in meting the child’s needs.
A legal, publicly supported system in which a
maltreated child is removed from the parents’
custody and entrusted to another adult or
family, which is reimbursed for expenses
incurred in meting the child’s needs.
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40. A form of foster care in which a relative
of a maltreated child, usually a
grandparent, becomes the approved
caregiver.
A form of foster care in which a relative
of a maltreated child, usually a
grandparent, becomes the approved
caregiver.
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41. kinship care
A form of foster care in which a relative of a
maltreated child, usually a grandparent,
becomes the approved caregiver.
A form of foster care in which a relative of a
maltreated child, usually a grandparent,
becomes the approved caregiver.
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42. A legal proceeding in which an adult or
couple unrelated to a child is granted the
joys and obligations of being that child’s
parent(s).
A legal proceeding in which an adult or
couple unrelated to a child is granted the
joys and obligations of being that child’s
parent(s).
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43. adoption
A legal proceeding in which an adult or couple
unrelated to a child is granted the joys and
obligations of being that child’s parent(s).
A legal proceeding in which an adult or couple
unrelated to a child is granted the joys and
obligations of being that child’s parent(s).
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