Edexcel IGCSE Chinese Grammar (4CN1-3) 2021 Edition 国际汉语水平考试规范性语法 sample

1 | P a g e
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2 | P a g e
Contents
Preface - Cambridge IGCSE Chinese................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Cambridge IGCSE Mandarin Chinese - Foreign Language (0547) ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Syllabuses ................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Paper 1 Listening Approximately 35 minutes............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Paper 2 Reading 1 hour 15 minutes ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Paper 3 Speaking Approximately 10 minutes............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Paper 4 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates complete one form-filling task, ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.
HSK Version 2021 Preface.................................................................................................................................16
General Table of Vocabulary and Grammar.......................................................................................................22
Preface 1: No Grammar in Chinese Language?..................................................................................................23
About the Author: ...............................................................................................................................................26
Our Story ............................................................................................................................................................27
David Yao Amazon Kindle Author Central page ...............................................................................................28
Comparing with HSK Version 2009...................................................................................................................29
II. Test Levels.................................................................................................................................................29
I. Test Target ..................................................................................................................................................31
Comparing HSK Version 2009 with GCSE, IB, CEF ........................................................................................32
HSK Speaking Test (HSKK) ..............................................................................................................................32
Youth Chinese Test.............................................................................................................................................37
Business Chinese Test ........................................................................................................................................41
ॱᆜ≿䈣≪ᒩ㘹䈋 Medical Chinese Proficiency Test (MCT) .........................................................................44
Notationsφ.........................................................................................................................................................48
Part 1: CIE IGCSE Minimum Core Grammar....................................................................................................48
PART 1...........................................................................................................................................................49
Verbs ..............................................................................................................................................................49
A Auxiliary verbs ᓊ䈛...............................................................................................................................49
B Future ......................................................................................................................................................49
C Reduplication of verbs ............................................................................................................................51
D Progressive actions..................................................................................................................................51
E Perfective aspect marker Ҽ.....................................................................................................................53
F Experiential aspect marker 䗽 .................................................................................................................53
G Simple directional complements.............................................................................................................54
HSK Version 2021 Preface.................................................................................................................................16
General Table of Vocabulary and Grammar...............................
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Preface 1: No Grammar in Chinese Language?.........
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About the Author: ..............................................
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Our Story .....................................................
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David Yao Amazon Kindle Author Centra
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Comparing with HSK Version 2009.....
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I. Test Target ...................................
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Comparing HSK Version 2009 with GC
GC
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GCSE
SE
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Youth Chinese Test...
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Business Chinese Tes
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ॱᆜ≿䈣≪ᒩ㘹䈋 Medical Chinese Proficiency Test (MCT) .........................................................................44
Notationsφ.........
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..................48
Part 1: CIE IGCS
CS
CS
CS
CSE
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Mi
Mi
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Mini
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nimu
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m Co
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Core
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.........................................48
PART 1...........................................................................................................................................................49
Verbs 49

3 | P a g e
H Complements of result ............................................................................................................................54
I Complements of degree............................................................................................................................55
J Postverbs ..................................................................................................................................................55
K Verbal measure words.............................................................................................................................56
Nouns and noun phrases.................................................................................................................................56
A Plurals .....................................................................................................................................................56
B Measure words ........................................................................................................................................56
C Possession ...............................................................................................................................................58
D Modification of nouns.............................................................................................................................59
E Noun phrases with Ⲻ..............................................................................................................................60
Prepositions ....................................................................................................................................................61
Adverbs ..........................................................................................................................................................62
Prepositional phrases......................................................................................................................................64
Conjunctive use of adverbs ............................................................................................................................64
B Sentences with an adverbial phrase after a verb......................................................................................65
Complement of time after a verb ................................................................................................................65
Complement of time with the verbal aspect marker Ҽ ..............................................................................65
Complement of time with the verbal aspect marker Ҽ and the sentence particle Ҽ .................................65
Comparisons...................................................................................................................................................66
Use of ∊.....................................................................................................................................................66
Use of 䐕 …… жṭ...................................................................................................................................66
Use of ‫܅‬ …… жṭ...................................................................................................................................67
Use of ∊ …… ᴪ.......................................................................................................................................67
Use of ∊ …… ж⛯‫ݵ‬...............................................................................................................................67
Use of ᴶ.....................................................................................................................................................68
Complement of quantity .............................................................................................................................68
Use of ⋗ᴿ in comparisons........................................................................................................................68
Numbers, dates and times...............................................................................................................................68
A Numbers..................................................................................................................................................68
Approximate numbers.................................................................................................................................73
B Dates and times .......................................................................................................................................73
C Time expressions ........................................................................................................................................75
Sentences........................................................................................................................................................76
A Declarative sentences..............................................................................................................................76
Using ᱥ......................................................................................................................................................76
Using ᴿ......................................................................................................................................................76
E Noun phrases with Ⲻ..............................................................................................................................60
Prepositions ....................................................................................................................................................61
Adverbs ....................................................................
..
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Prepositional phrases.........................................
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Conjunctive use of adverbs .........................
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B Sentences with an adverbial phrase
se a
a
a
after a verb
b
b
b
b...........
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Complement of time after a verb .....
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Complement of time with the verb
rb
rb
rb
rbal aspect marker Ҽ .................
..
..
..
...............................................................65
Complement of time with the verb
rb
rb
rb
rbal aspect ma
ma
ma
mark
rk
rker
er Ҽ
Ҽ
Ҽ an
and
d th
th
th
th
the
e se
sent
nt
nt
nt
nten
en
en
en
ence particle Ҽ .................................65
Comparisons.....................................
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Use of ∊.........................................
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Use of 䐕 …… жṭ...................................
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Use of ‫܅‬ …… жṭ
жṭ
жṭ
жṭ
жṭ
жṭ
жṭ
жṭ
жṭ...
..
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....................................67
Use of ∊ …… ᴪ
ᴪ
ᴪ
ᴪ
ᴪ
ᴪ
ᴪ
ᴪ
ᴪ
ᴪ.
...
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Use of ∊ …… ж⛯‫ݵ‬...............................................................................................................................67
Use of ᴶ.....
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..................68
Complement of quanti
tity .............................................................................................................................68
Use of ⋗ᴿ
⋗ᴿ
⋗ᴿ
⋗ᴿ
⋗ᴿ
⋗ᴿ
⋗ᴿ in
in
in
in
in
in
in com
om
om
om
om
ompa
pa
pa
pa
pari
ri
ri
ri
ri
riso
so
so
so
so
so
so
sons
ns
ns
ns
ns...
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Numbers, dates and times...............................................................................................................................68
A Numb 68

4 | P a g e
Using stative verbs......................................................................................................................................76
Verbless sentences ......................................................................................................................................77
B Negative statements ................................................................................................................................77
C Interrogative sentences............................................................................................................................78
D Sentence particle Ҽ ................................................................................................................................80
E Topic-comment construction...................................................................................................................81
F The ᱥ……Ⲻ construction .....................................................................................................................81
G Position ...................................................................................................................................................82
PART 2...........................................................................................................................................................83
Verbs ..............................................................................................................................................................83
A Verbal aspect marker ⵶ .........................................................................................................................83
B Compound directional complements.......................................................................................................84
C Potential complements ............................................................................................................................84
Adverbs ..........................................................................................................................................................85
A Adverbs of manner..................................................................................................................................85
Sentences........................................................................................................................................................85
A The ᣀ construction.................................................................................................................................85
B The 㻡 construction.................................................................................................................................86
C The 䇟θֵ construction.........................................................................................................................87
Part 2: Expanded Grammar by Referring HSK 1-2 V2021 (169 Grammar Points)............................................88
Normative grammar level syllabus 㿺㤹ᙝ䈣⌋ㅿ㓝ཝ㓨.................................................................................88
䈃㊱ Cílèi Parts of speech...........................................................................................................................88
1 ੃䈃 míngcí Noun .............................................................................................................................88
ᯯփ੃䈃 )ƗQJZqLPíngcí Location nouns............................................................................................88
2 ࣞ䈃 dòngcí Verb....................................................................................................................................94
㜳᝵ࣞ䈃 Néng yuàn dòngcí modal verbs .............................................................................................94
㜳᝵ࣞ䈃 Auxiliary Verb to express wish..................................................................................................96
㜳᝵ࣞ䈃φ䈛Ƚ ᓊ䈛 Wishful verbs: should, should...............................................................................97
㜳᝵ࣞ䈃φ᝵ᝅ Willing ...........................................................................................................................98
ࣞ䈃䠃ਖφVerb overlap AAȽ A ж AȽ A Ҽ AȽABABȽA ⵶ A ⵶ȽAABBȽ ж A ж BȽ ᘳ A
ᘳ B.............................................................................................................................................................98
3 ԙ䈃 dàicí Pronouns...............................................................................................................................99
⯇䰤ԙ䈃 Interrogative pronouns ཐȽཐቇȽଠȽଠѠȽଠ䠂ȽଠӑȽӶѾȽ䈷ȽᙄѾȽࠖ...........99
⯇䰤ԙ䈃 Interrogative Pronouns ཐѻȽѰӶѾȽᙄѾṭȽᙄṭ ........................................................103
Ӱ〦ԙ䈃 UpQFKƝQJGjLFt3HUVRQDO3URQRXQV .......................................................................................105
Verbs ..............................................................................................................................................................83
A Verbal aspect marker ⵶ .................................................
..
..
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B Compound directional complements.................
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C Potential complements .............................
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Adverbs ......................................................
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A Adverbs of manner.........................
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Sentences...........................................
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A The ᣀ construction...................
..
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B The 㻡 construction.................
........................
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C The 䇟θֵ construction...........
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............................................................87
Part 2: Expanded Grammar by Referring
g
g HS
HS
HS
HS
HSK 1-2 V2021 (169 Gr
Gr
Gr
Gr
Gram
am
am
am
am
ammar Points)............................................88
Normative grammar level syllabus 㿺㤹ᙝ䈣⌋ㅿ
⌋ㅿ
⌋ㅿ
⌋ㅿ
⌋ㅿ
⌋ㅿ㓝ཝ
㓝ཝ
㓝ཝ
㓝ཝ
㓝ཝ
㓝ཝ㓨
㓨
㓨
㓨
㓨
㓨
㓨.................................................................................88
䈃㊱ Cílèi Parts of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of s
s
s
s
s
spe
pe
peec
ec
ec
ec
ec
ec
ec
ech
h
h
h
h
h...
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..............................88
1 ੃䈃 míngcí Noun .............................................................................................................................88
ᯯփ੃䈃 )Ɨ
)Ɨ
)Ɨ
)Ɨ
)Ɨ
)Ɨ
)ƗQJZqLPíngc
gc
gc
gc
gcí Lo
Location nouns............................................................................................88
2 ࣞ䈃 dòng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ngcí
cí
cí
cí
cí
cí V
V
Ver
er
er
er
erb
b
b
b
b
b.............
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...................94
㜳᝵ࣞ䈃 Né
Né
Né
Né
Né
Néng
ng
ng
ng
ng
ng y
y
y
y
yuà
uà
uà
uà
uàn
n
n
n
n dò
dò
dò
dò
dò
dò
dò
dòng
ng
ng
ng
ngcí
cí
cí
cí
cí m
m
m
m
m
m
mod
od
od
od
od
od
od
od
odal
al
al
al
al v
v
v
v
v
v
ver
er
er
er
er
erbs
bs
bs
bs ...
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㜳᝵ࣞ䈃 Auxiliary Verb to express wish..................................................................................................96
㜳᝵ࣞ䈃φ䈛 ᓊ䈛 Wishful verbs: should should 97

5 | P a g e
Ӱ〦ԙ䈃φPersonal pronouns ࡡӰȽ ཝᇬȽ ᆹȽ ᆹԢȽ ૧Ƚ ૧ԢȽ 㠠ᐧ...................................106
᤽⽰ԙ䈃 Demonstrative Pronoun 䘏Ƚ䛙Ƚ䛙䠂Ƚ䛙ӑȽ䛙ѠȽࡡⲺȽᴿⲺ...................................110
᤽⽰ԙ䈃 Demonstrative pronouns 䛙ѾȽ䛙ṭȽ 䘏ѾȽ 䘏ṭ.......................................................113
5 ᮦ䈃 shù cí Numeral .............................................................................................................................117
6 䠅䈃 liàngcí Classifier; Measure Word (MW)......................................................................................122
੃䠅䈃 Noun quantifier ᶥȽᵢȽѠȽᇬȽ䰪ȽਙȽඍȽ享................................................................122
੃䠅䈃φ ቸ ሷ Ԭ ᶗ փ..........................................................................................................................124
ࣞ䠅䈃 Verbal quantifiers : 䚃 ⅗ ൰ ഔ с..............................................................................................127
7 ࢥ䈃 fùcí Adverb .................................................................................................................................131
ぁᓜࢥ䈃 Adverbs of Degree 䶔ᑮȽᖾȽའȽⵕȽᴶ...........................................................................131
ぁᓜࢥ䈃 Adverbs of degree: ཐȽཐѾȽ ླȽ ᴪȽ ॷ࠼Ƚ ⢯ࡡȽᥰȽ ᴿδ ж ε⛯‫ݵ‬................132
㤹പȽঅੂࢥ䈃 Range, synergy adverbs 䜳Ƚжඍ‫ݵ‬Ƚж䎭...............................................................137
㤹പȽঅੂࢥ䈃 Scope, synergy adverbs: ‫ޞ‬ȽжާȽਠ......................................................................138
ᰬ䰪ࢥ䈃 6KtMLƗQIFt$GYHUEVRIWLPH 傢рȽ‫ݾ‬Ƚᴿᰬ/ᴿᰬُȽ൞Ƚ↙Ƚ↙൞ ..........................139
ᰬ䰪ࢥ䈃 Adverbs of time ࡐȽࡐࡐȽ䘎Ƚ ᘳ❬Ƚж⴪Ƚᐨ㔅..........................................................141
仇⦽Ƚ䠃གྷࢥ䈃 Frequency, Repetitive Adverbs ᑮȽ߃.......................................................................146
仇⦽Ƚ䠃གྷࢥ䈃 Frequency, repetitive adverbs 䠃᯦Ƚ㔅ᑮȽ㘷Ƚ㘷ᱥȽ৾......................................147
ީ㚊ࢥ䈃 Associative Adverb 䘎.............................................................................................................151
ީ㚊ࢥ䈃 Associated adverbs: ቧ ............................................................................................................152
ੜᇐࢥ䈃 )ԁXGuQJIFt1HJDWLYH$GYHUEV ࡡȽуȽ⋗Ƚ⋗ᴿ ..........................................................153
ᯯᕅࢥ䈃 Adverbs of Manner ᭻ᝅ .........................................................................................................156
᛻ᘷࢥ䈃 Modal adverbs ᗻ亱ȽᐤуཐȽླ‫܅‬ȽжᇐȽҕ䇮.............................................................157
䈣≊ࢥ䈃 Adverbs of tone ᢃȽ䜳ȽቧȽ↙ླ.......................................................................................160
8 ԁ䈃 jiècí Preposition...........................................................................................................................164
ᕋ࠰ᰬ䰪Ƚ༺ᡶ Bring out the time and place ԄȽ൞...........................................................................164
ᕋ࠰ᰬ䰪 Lead time ᖉȽᖉ. . .Ⲻᰬُ....................................................................................................165
ᕋ࠰ᯯੇȽ 䐥ᖺ Leading direction and path ᖶȽੇȽԄ.....................................................................166
ᕋ࠰ሯ䊗 Bring out Objects 䐕ȽૂȽ∊ ................................................................................................172
ᕋ࠰ሯ䊗 Leading objects ሯȽ㔏Ƚ⿱ ...................................................................................................173
ᕋ࠰ⴤⲺȽ৕ഖ Lead purpose and reason Ѱ.........................................................................................179
9 䘔䈃 liáncí Conjunction........................................................................................................................180
㺞⽰㚊ਾީ㌱ Indicates a joint relationship 䐕Ƚ䘎ᱥȽᡌ㘻Ƚૂ........................................................180
䘔᧛䈃ᡌ⸣䈣φConnective words or phrases ᡌȽᡌ㘻........................................................................181
7 ࢥ䈃 fùcí Adverb .................................................................................................................................131
ぁᓜࢥ䈃 Adverbs of Degree 䶔ᑮȽᖾȽའȽⵕȽᴶ...........................................................................131
ぁᓜࢥ䈃 Adverbs of degree: ཐȽཐѾȽ ླȽ ᴪȽ
ᴪȽ
ᴪȽ
ᴪȽ
ᴪȽ
ᴪȽ ॷ࠼Ƚ ⢯ࡡ
⢯ࡡ
⢯ࡡ
⢯ࡡ
⢯ࡡ
⢯ࡡ
⢯ࡡȽᥰȽ ᴿδ ж
ж ε⛯‫ݵ‬................132
㤹പȽঅੂࢥ䈃 Range, synergy adverbs 䜳Ƚ
䜳Ƚ
䜳Ƚ
䜳Ƚ
䜳Ƚ
䜳Ƚ
䜳Ƚ
䜳Ƚжඍ‫ݵ‬Ƚ
‫ݵ‬Ƚ
‫ݵ‬Ƚ
‫ݵ‬Ƚ
‫ݵ‬Ƚ
‫ݵ‬Ƚ
‫ݵ‬Ƚж䎭
ж䎭
ж䎭
ж䎭
ж䎭
ж䎭...........
......................................................137
㤹പȽঅੂࢥ䈃 Scope, synergy adverbs
bs
bs
bs
bs
bs: ‫ޞ‬Ƚжާ
жާ
жާ
жާ
жާ
жާ
жާȽਠ...............
..
..
.........................................................138
ᰬ䰪ࢥ䈃 6KtMLƗQIFt$GYHUEVRI
I
I
I
IWL
WL
WL
WL
WL
WL
WL
WLPH 傢рȽ‫ݾ‬
Ƚ‫ݾ‬
Ƚ‫ݾ‬
Ƚ‫ݾ‬
Ƚ‫ݾ‬
Ƚ‫ݾ‬Ƚᴿ
Ƚᴿ
Ƚᴿ
Ƚᴿ
Ƚᴿ
Ƚᴿ
Ƚᴿ
Ƚᴿᰬ/ᴿᰬ
ᴿᰬ
ᴿᰬ
ᴿᰬ
ᴿᰬ
ᴿᰬ
ᴿᰬُȽ
ُȽ
ُȽ൞Ƚ↙Ƚ↙൞ ..........................139
ᰬ䰪ࢥ䈃 Adverbs of time ࡐȽࡐࡐ
ࡐࡐ
ࡐࡐ
ࡐࡐ
ࡐࡐ
ࡐࡐȽ䘎Ƚ ᘳ❬
ᘳ❬
ᘳ❬
ᘳ❬
ᘳ❬Ƚж
Ƚж
Ƚж
Ƚж⴪Ƚ
⴪Ƚ
⴪Ƚ
⴪Ƚᐨ㔅
ᐨ㔅
ᐨ㔅
ᐨ㔅
ᐨ㔅
ᐨ㔅
ᐨ㔅.
..........................................................141
仇⦽Ƚ䠃གྷࢥ䈃 Frequency, Repe
pe
pe
pe
petitive Adverbs ᑮȽ߃...........
..
..
..............................................................146
仇⦽Ƚ䠃གྷࢥ䈃 Frequency, rep
ep
epetitive adverb
rb
rb
rb
rbs
s
s 䠃᯦
䠃᯦
䠃᯦
䠃᯦Ƚ㔅
Ƚ㔅
Ƚ㔅ᑮȽ
ᑮȽ
ᑮȽ
ᑮȽ
ᑮȽ
ᑮȽ㘷Ƚ
㘷Ƚ
㘷Ƚ
㘷Ƚ
㘷Ƚ
㘷Ƚ
㘷Ƚ㘷ᱥȽ৾......................................147
ީ㚊ࢥ䈃 Associative Adverb 䘎
䘎
䘎
䘎
䘎
䘎.
.
.........................
..
..
..
..
..
........
..
....
..
..
..
....
..
..
....................
..
..........................................................151
ީ㚊ࢥ䈃 Associated adverbs: ቧ .....
..
..
......................................
..
..
..
....
..
..
...................................................................152
ੜᇐࢥ䈃 )ԁXGuQJIFt1HJDWLYH$GYHUE
UE
UE
UE
UE
UEV
V
V
V
V
V ࡡȽ
ࡡȽ
ࡡȽ
ࡡȽ
ࡡȽ
ࡡȽуȽ
уȽ
уȽ
уȽ
уȽ
уȽ
уȽ⋗Ƚ⋗ᴿ
⋗ᴿ ..........................................................153
ᯯᕅࢥ䈃 Adve
verb
rb
rb
rb
rb
rb
rb
rb
rbs
s
s
s
s
s
s of
of
of
of
of
of M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
Man
an
an
an
an
an
anne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ner
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r ᭻ᝅ
᭻ᝅ
᭻ᝅ
᭻ᝅ
᭻ᝅ
᭻ᝅ
᭻ᝅ
᭻ᝅ
᭻ᝅ
᭻ᝅ
᭻ᝅ
᭻ᝅ
᭻ᝅ .
.
.
...
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
....
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
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..
....
..
..
..
......
....
..
..
..
....
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..
....
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
....
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....
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....
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..
..
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......
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....
............................156
᛻ᘷࢥ䈃 Moda
da
da
da
da
dal
l
l
l
l
l
l ad
ad
ad
ad
ad
ad
ad
ad
adve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
ve
verb
rb
rb
rb
rb
rb
rb
rb
rb
rb
rbs
s
s
s
s
s
s ᗻ亱
ᗻ亱
ᗻ亱
ᗻ亱
ᗻ亱
ᗻ亱
ᗻ亱
ᗻ亱
ᗻ亱
ᗻ亱Ƚᐤ
Ƚᐤ
Ƚᐤ
Ƚᐤ
Ƚᐤ
Ƚᐤ
Ƚᐤ
Ƚᐤ
Ƚᐤ
Ƚᐤ
Ƚᐤ
Ƚᐤ
Ƚᐤ
Ƚᐤуཐ
уཐ
уཐ
уཐ
уཐ
уཐ
уཐ
уཐ
уཐ
уཐ
уཐ
уཐ
уཐ
уཐȽླ
Ƚླ
Ƚླ
Ƚླ
Ƚླ
Ƚླ
Ƚླ
Ƚླ
Ƚླ
Ƚླ‫܅‬Ƚ
‫܅‬Ƚ
‫܅‬Ƚ
‫܅‬Ƚ
‫܅‬Ƚ
‫܅‬Ƚ
‫܅‬Ƚ
‫܅‬Ƚ
‫܅‬Ƚжᇐ
жᇐ
жᇐ
жᇐ
жᇐ
жᇐ
жᇐ
жᇐ
жᇐ
жᇐȽҕ
Ƚҕ
Ƚҕ
Ƚҕ
Ƚҕ
Ƚҕ
Ƚҕ
Ƚҕ
Ƚҕ
Ƚҕ
Ƚҕ
Ƚҕ
Ƚҕ
Ƚҕ䇮
䇮
䇮
䇮
䇮
䇮
䇮
䇮
䇮
䇮.............................................................157
䈣≊ࢥ䈃 Adverbs of tone ᢃȽ䜳ȽቧȽ↙ླ.......................................................................................160
8 ԁ䈃 jiècí
í
í P
P
P
P
P
Prepo
po
po
po
po
posi
si
si
si
siti
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
tion
on
on
on
on
on
on..
..
..
......
..
..
......
..
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..
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.................164
ᕋ࠰ᰬ䰪Ƚ༺
Ƚ༺
Ƚ༺
Ƚ༺
Ƚ༺
Ƚ༺
Ƚ༺ᡶ
ᡶ
ᡶ
ᡶ
ᡶ
ᡶ Br
Br
Br
Br
Brin
in
in
in
ing
g
g
g
g ou
ou
ou
ou
ou
out th
th
th
th
the ti
time
me
me
me
me
me
me a
a
and
nd
nd
nd
nd p
p
p
p
place ԄȽ൞..........
..
..
..
....
..
..
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......
..
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..
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...........................................164
ᕋ࠰ᰬ䰪 Le
Le
Lead
ad
ad
ad
ad
ad
ad t
t
t
tim
im
im
im
im
ime ᖉȽ
ᖉȽ
ᖉȽ
ᖉȽ
ᖉȽ
ᖉȽᖉ
ᖉ
ᖉ
ᖉ
ᖉ
ᖉ. . .Ⲻᰬ
Ⲻᰬ
Ⲻᰬ
Ⲻᰬ
Ⲻᰬ
Ⲻᰬ
Ⲻᰬ
Ⲻᰬ
Ⲻᰬ
Ⲻᰬُ
ُ
ُ
ُ
ُ
ُ
ُ....................................................................................................165
ᕋ࠰ᯯੇȽ 䐥ᖺ Leading direction and path ᖶȽੇȽԄ.....................................................................166

6 | P a g e
䘔᧛࠼ਛᡌਛᆆ Connective clauses or sentences у䗽ȽռȽռᱥȽ㙂ъȽ䛙Ƚྸ᷒Ƚ㲳❬Ƚਠ㾷
..................................................................................................................................................................182
10 ࣟ䈃 Zhùcí Particle...........................................................................................................................184
㔉ᶺࣟ䈃 Structural particles ⲺȽ൦Ƚᗍ...............................................................................................184
㔉ᶺࣟ䈃φᗍ Dé Structural particle ....................................................................................................185
ࣞᘷࣟ䈃 Dynamic particleφ 䗽.............................................................................................................186
ࣞᘷࣟ䈃 Dynamic: ҼȽ⵶Ƚ.................................................................................................................187
ࣞᘷࣟ䈃φ⵶ Dynamic particle..............................................................................................................188
䈣≊ࣟ䈃 Modal particlesφ੝ȽҼȽ੍Ƚઘ.........................................................................................189
䈣≊ࣟ䈃 Modal particlesφ஀ Ƚ੝ȽⲺ................................................................................................191
ެԌࣟ䈃φOther auxiliary words Ⲻ䈓Ƚㅿ...........................................................................................193
11 ਯ䈃 Interjection ஸȽ஀........................................................................................................................195
⸣䈣 GXӽQԃ3KUDVH .....................................................................................................................................196
ᮦ䠅⸣䈣 VKOLjQJGXӽQԃ4XDQWLWSKUDVH...........................................................................................196
㔉ᶺ㊱ශ Structure type..........................................................................................................................196
ะᵢ㔉ᶺ㊱ශ Basic structure type..........................................................................................................196
ެԌ㔉ᶺ㊱ශ Other structure types ........................................................................................................199
ࣕ㜳㊱ශ *ǀQJQpQJOqL[tQ)XQFWLRQWSH+6.9*..........................................................201
੃䈃ᙝ⸣䈣 Noun phrase.........................................................................................................................201
ࣞ䈃ᙝ⸣䈣 Verb phrase..........................................................................................................................201
ᖘᇯ䈃ᙝ⸣䈣 Adjective phrases.............................................................................................................202
രᇐ⸣䈣 Fixed phrase ................................................................................................................................202
ެԌ Other ...........................................................................................................................................202
രᇐṲᕅ Fixed Pattern....................................................................................................................................205
䘎ᱥ……੝ ..............................................................................................................................................205
৾... ... ৾... ... ...........................................................................................................................................206
δ൞ε... ... ԛࢃ/ԛ੄/ࢃ/੄...................................................................................................................206
ਛᆆᡆ࠼ M]ӿFKpQJIqQ6HQWHQFH(OHPHQWV...........................................................................................208
ѱ䈣 ]Kԃԃ6XEMHFW...............................................................................................................................208
䉉䈣 ZqLԃ3UHGLFDWH............................................................................................................................208
䉉䈣 Predicate......................................................................................................................................209
੃䈃Ƚԙ䈃Ƚᮦ䈃ᡌᮦ䠅⸣䈣Ƚ੃䈃ᙝ⸣䈣֒䉉䈣 Nouns, pronouns, numerals or quantitative
phrases, nominal 209
ᇴ䈣 EƯQԃ2EMHFW.................................................................................................................................210
䈣≊ࣟ䈃 Modal particlesφ੝ȽҼȽ੍Ƚઘ.........................................................................................189
䈣≊ࣟ䈃 Modal particlesφ஀ Ƚ੝ȽⲺ................................................................................................191
ެԌࣟ䈃φOther auxiliary words Ⲻ䈓Ƚㅿ.............
....
..
..
..
..................
..
..
..
....
..
............................................................193
11 ਯ䈃 Interjection ஸȽ஀...............................
..
..
..
....
..
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..
..
..
....
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..
..
......
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................
..
..
..
.......................................................195
⸣䈣 GXӽQԃ3KUDVH .....................................
..
..
..................
..
..
..
..............
..
..
................
..
..
..
........................................................196
ᮦ䠅⸣䈣 VKOLjQJ
QJGXӽQԃ
ԃ4XDQWLW

SK
SK
SK
SK
SK
SK
SKUDVH.......
..
..
..
..............
..
..
..
..............
..
..
..
..
....
..
............................................................196
㔉ᶺ㊱ශ Structure type.................
..
..
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.............................................................196
ะᵢ㔉ᶺ㊱ශ Basic structure type
pe
pe
pe
pe...............................................
..
.............................................................196
ެԌ㔉ᶺ㊱ශ Other structure ty
ty
ty
ty
types .................
..
..............................
..
..
..
......
.........................................................199
ࣕ㜳㊱ශ *ǀQJQpQJOqL[tQ)XQF
QF
QF
QF
QF
QFWL
WL
WL
WLRQWSH+6.
.
.
.
.
.
.9

*
*
*
*
*
*.
.
.
..........................................................201
੃䈃ᙝ⸣䈣 Noun phrase.................
..
..
..
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..
..
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..
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ࣞ䈃ᙝ⸣䈣 Verb phrase...............................
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...................................................................................201
ᖘᇯ䈃ᙝ⸣䈣 Ad
Ad
Ad
Ad
Ad
Ad
Ad
Ad
Adje
je
je
je
je
je
ject
ct
ct
ctiv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
ive
e
e
e ph
ph
ph
ph
ph
ph
ph
phra
ra
ra
ra
ra
ra
ra
ra
ra
rase
se
se
se
se
ses
s
s
s
s
s.
.
...
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..............................202
രᇐ⸣䈣 Fixed ph
ph
ph
ph
ph
ph
ph
phra
ra
ra
ra
ra
ra
ra
ra
rase
se
se
se
se
se
se
se .
...
..
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...............................202
ެԌ Other ...........................................................................................................................................202
രᇐṲᕅ Fixed Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Patt
tt
tt
tt
tter
er
er
ern
n
n
n
n.
.
.
...
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.................205
䘎ᱥ……੝ ...
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...........................................205
৾... ... ৾... ... ...........................................................................................................................................206
δ൞ε... ... ԛࢃ/ԛ੄/ࢃ/੄...................................................................................................................206

7 | P a g e
ᇐ䈣 GuQJԃAttributive.......................................................................................................................211
੃䈃ᙝ䈃䈣Ƚᖘᇯ䈃ᙝ䈃䈣Ƚᮦ䈃⸣䈣֒ᇐ䈣Ⱦ...............................................................................211
⣬䈣 ]KXjQJԃ$GYHUELDO....................................................................................................................212
㺛䈣 Complement .......................................................................................................................................213
㔉᷒㺛䈣 1 Result Complement 1............................................................................................................213
䏁ੇ㺛䈣 1 Tendency Complement 1 ......................................................................................................215
ᮦ䠅㺛䈣 1: ࣞ䈃ηࣞ䠅㺛䈣 4XDQWLWRPSOHPHQW......................................................................217
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ਛᆆⲺ㊱ශ jùzi de lèixíng Type of sentence ............................................................................................219
ਛශ Jù xíng Sentence pattern ..............................................................................................................219
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ѱ䉉ਛ ]KԃZqLM6XEMHFW-Predicate Sentence ................................................................................219
ᖘᇯ䈃䉉䈣ਛ ;tQJUyQJFtZqLԃM$GMHFWLYH-predicate sentence .....................................................220
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䱾䘦ਛ chénshùjù Declarative Sentence ..............................................................................................221
⯇䰤ਛ Yíwènjù Interrogative sentence ...............................................................................................221
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“ᴿ”ᆍਛ ³ԁX´]uM+DYHVHQWHQFH ..............................................................................................224
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䘔ࣞਛ 1 Double verbs.............................................................................................................................227
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གྷਛ Fùjù Complex sentences..................................................................................................................234
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ਛᆆⲺ㊱ශ jùzi de lèixíng Type of sentence ............................................................................................219
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8 | P a g e
䙈䘑གྷਛ Progressive Compound Sentence ................................................................................................236
䘿᤟གྷਛ Selective complex sentence ....................................................................................................238
䖢ᣎགྷਛ Transition complex sentence.......................................................................................................239
‫ٽ‬䇴གྷਛ Supposition complex sentences...................................................................................................240
ᶗԬགྷਛφਠ㾷……θቧ…… Conditional compound sentence: .........................................................242
㍝㕟གྷਛ Compact complex sentence: once..then...............................................................................242
ᰬᘷ shí tài Tense.....................................................................................................................................244
਎ौᰬᘷφ⭞ࣞᘷࣟ䈃 “Ҽ” 㺞⽰............................................................................................................244
ᇂᡆᰬᘷφ⭞ࣞᘷࣟ䈃 “Ҽ” 㺞⽰............................................................................................................245
䘑㺂ᰬᘷ -uQ[tQJVKtWjL3URJUHVVLYH7HQVH........................................................................................245
ᤷ㔣ᰬᘷᘷ Continuous tense: verb + ⵶....................................................................................................247
㺞⽰⣬ᘷⲺᤷ㔣 Indicates the continuation of the state..........................................................................247
㺞⽰ࣞ֒Ⲻᤷ㔣 Indicates the continuation of the action .......................................................................248
㔅়ᰬᘷ The experience state.................................................................................................................248
⢯⇀㺞䗴⌋ WqVKǌELӽRGiIӽ6SHFLDOH[SUHVVLRQ ......................................................................................250
䫧ᮦ㺞⽰⌋ TLiQVKELӽRVKuIӽ0RQHQXPEHUQRWDWLRQ....................................................................250
ᰬ䰪㺞⽰⌋ 6KtMLƗQELӽRVKuIӽ7LPHQRWDWLRQ......................................................................................250
䫕⛯㺞⽰⌋ ]KǀQJGLӽQELӽRVKuIӽ+RXUQRWDWLRQ.................................................................................251
ᓅᮦ㺞⽰⌋ Ordinal number notation..........................................................................................................251
Ᾰᮦ㺞⽰⌋ Approximate number notation.................................................................................................252
ᮦ䈃 + ཐ + 䠅䈃 Numeral + ཐ + quantifier ...........................................................................................252
ᮦ䈃 + 䠅䈃 + ཐ Numeral + quantifier +ཐ more...................................................................................253
ᕰ䈹Ⲻᯯ⌋ Methods of emphasis ...................................................................................................................254
⭞ “ቧ” 㺞⽰ᕰ䈹 8VHቧ MXVWWRH[SUHVVHPSKDVLV ................................................................................254
“ᱥ……Ⲻ” 㺞⽰ᕰ䈹 ,W
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“ᱥ... ... Ⲻ” ਛ 1φ ᕰ䈹ᰬ䰪Ƚ൦⛯ȽᯯᕅȽࣞ֒㘻 ..........................................................................255
ᨆ䰤Ⲻᯯ⌋ WtZqQGHIƗQJIӽ,QWHUURJDWLYHVHQWHQFH ................................................................................256
8VH੍WRDVNTXHVWLRQV .........................................................................................................................256
Use “ླ੍Ƚ ਥԛ੍Ƚ㺂੍Ƚ ᙄѾṭ” to ask questions...........................................................................259
⭞ “ӶѾᰬُȽӶѾṭȽѰӶѾȽ ᙄѾṭȽ ᙄṭ” ᨆ䰤.......................................................................259
⭞ “ઘ” ᶺᡆⲺⴷ⮛ᕅ⯇䰤ਛ “ԙ䈃λ੃䈃ηઘϋ ” ᨆ䰤 ......................................................................260
⭞ “ᱥуᱥ”ᨆ䰤 8VHLVLWWRDVNTXHVWLRQV..............................................................................................261
⭞ “੝ ”ᨆ䰤 8VH੝WRDVNTXHVWLRQV.......................................................................................................261
ᇂᡆᰬᘷφ⭞ࣞᘷࣟ䈃 “Ҽ” 㺞⽰............................................................................................................245
䘑㺂ᰬᘷ -uQ[tQJVKtWjL3URJUHVVLYH7HQVH........................................................................................245
ᤷ㔣ᰬᘷᘷ Continuous tense: verb + ⵶.................
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㺞⽰⣬ᘷⲺᤷ
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Ᾰᮦ㺞⽰⌋ Approximate number notation.................................................................................................252
ᮦ䈃 + ཐ + 䠅䈃
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ᨆ䰤Ⲻᯯ⌋

13 | P a g e
Paper 3: Speaking *Paper code: 4CN1/03M and 03C,25% of the
qualification
Content overview
This paper assesses speaking skills across five topic areas:
• Home and abroad
• Education and employment
• Personal life and relationships
• The world around us
• Social activities, fitness and health.
Sub-topics A3, C3, C5, D2 and E4 will not be assessed in this paper
Assessment overview
The examination is made up of three tasks (A, B and C). Students will present and
answer questions on a picture that is related to one of the topic areas. They will
also discuss two different topics, chosen at random by Pearson.
The assessment will be available in Mandarin and Cantonese. The option chosen
for each student is indicated by its entry code:
Mandarin – 4CN1/03M
Cantonese – 4CN1/03C
Edexcel International GCSE Topic Sub-topics
Topic Sub-topics
• Home and abroad
• Education and employment
• Personal life and relationships
• The world around us
• Social activities, fitness and h
h
h
h
h
he
ealth.
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a
a
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an
n
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nd E4 will not be asses
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s
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sed in this paper
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t is related to
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a
a
a
a
a
ab
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
bl
l
l
l
l
l
l
le
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e i
i
i
i
in
n
n
n
n
n
n
n M
M
M
M
M
M
M
Ma
a
a
a
an
n
n
n
n
n
n
nd
d
d
da
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
ar
r
r
r
r
r
ri
i
i
i
i
in
n
n
n
n
n a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
an
n
n
n
n
n
n
nd
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Ca
a
a
a
a
a
a
an
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
nt
t
t
t
t
to
on
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
ne
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
es
s
s
s
s
se
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e.
.
. T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
Th
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
he
e
e
e
e
e
e option chosen
for each student is indicated by its entry code:
Mandarin – 4
4
4
4
4
4
4C
C
C
C
C
C
CN
N
N1
1
1
1
1/
/
/
/
/
/0
0
0
0
03
3
3
3
3
3M
M
M
M
M
M
M
Cantonese – 4
4
4
4
4
4
4C
C
C
C
C
CN
N
N
N
N
N
N1
1
1
1
1/
/
/
/
/
/0
0
0
0
03
3
3
3
3
3
3C
C
C
C
C
C
C

23 | P a g e
Preface 1: No Grammar in Chinese Language?
Grammar is a borrowed concept from western language. There is no
Grammar in Chinese in certain senses. The greatest truths are the
simplest! In simple way, Chinese Grammar is just the sequence
construction of Characters, like our LEGOO brand
In the complicated way, Chinese Grammar can drive you to crazy! In
this book, I will show you the simplest truths in my own way, if not
academic way!
I start from basic grammar by referring to the syllabus or Curriculum of
following Chinese Exams:
Edexcel GCSE / IGCSE Chinese (4CN, 5CN03F, 5CN03H),
Edexcel A1 A2 (GCE, A Level) Chinese,
Cambridge IGCSE Chinese (0523, 0547),
$4$*6(KLQHVH$4$-)$4$-46702H)
IB Chinese B (SL, HL) (Second Language)
IB Chinese A (SL, HL) (First Language)
SAT Chinese,
AP Chinese
HSK (Chinese Proficiency Test),
YCT (Youth Chinese Test)
p y, y y
this book, I will show you the simplest truths in my own way, if not
academic way!
I start from basic grammar b
b
b
b
b
by
y
y refer
r
r
rr
r
r
r
ri
ing t
t
t
t
t
to
o
o
o the
e
e
e s
s
s
s
syllabus or Curriculum of
following Chinese Exams:
:
:
:
:
Edexcel GCSE / IGCSE C
C
C
C
Chinese (
(
(
(4
4
4C
CN
N,
, 5
5C
C
C
C
CN
N
N
N
N
N0
0
0
03
3
3
3
3F
F, 5CN03H),
Edexcel A1 A2 (GCE, A L
L
L
L
Level) Ch
h
h
h
h
h
h
hi
i
i
i
in
n
n
n
ne
e
e
e
es
s
s
s
se
e
e
e,
Cambridge IGCSE Chinese (
(
(
(
(0
0
0
0
05
5
5
5
52
2
2
2
23
3
3
3,
, 0
0
0
0
05
5
5
5
5
54
4
4
4
47
7
7
7
7)
)
)
)
),
$4$*6(

K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
KL
L
L
L
L
L
LQ
Q
Q
QH
H
H
H
H
H
HV
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
VH
H
H
H
H

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$-
-
-

)
)
)
)
)
)$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$-
-
-4
4
4
4
4
4
4
46
6
6
6
6
6
67
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
70
0
0
0
0
0
0
02
2
2
2
2
2
2
2H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H)
)
)
)
)
)
)
IB Chinese B (SL, HL) (Second Language)
IB Chinese
e
e A
A
A
A
A
A
A (
(
(
(S
S
S
S
S
SL
L
L
L
L, H
H
H
H
H
H
HL
L
L
L
L)
)
)
)
) (
(
(
(Fi
i
i
i
i
i
ir
r
r
r
r
rs
s
s
s
s
st
t
t
t
t
t
t
t L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
La
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
an
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
ng
g
g
g
g
g
gu
u
u
u
u
ua
a
a
ag
g
g
g
g
g
g
ge
e
e
e
e
e
e)
)
)
)
SAT Chine
e
es
s
s
s
s
s
se
e
e
e
e
e
e,
AP Chi

33 | P a g e
The HSK Speaking Test (Beginner Level) is intended for the students who have
studied Chinese 2-3 class hours per week for 1-2 semesters. These students have
mastered about 200 commonly used words.
The HSK Speaking Test (Intermediate Level) is intended for students who have
studied Chinese 2-3 hours per week for 1-2 academic years. These students have
The HSK Speaking Test (Advanced Level) is intended for the students who have
studied Chinese 2-3 class hours per week for more than 2 academic years. These
students have mastered about 3,000 common words.
II. Test Levels
The different levels of HSKK are correspond to some of the levels in the Chinese
Language Proficiency Scales For Speakers of Other Languages (CLPS), and its
correspondence to HSK are showed as follows:
3 ou s pe wee o acade c yea s. ese stude ts ave
The HSK Speaking Test (Advanc
c
c
c
c
ce
e
e
ed Leve
e
e
e
el
l
l
l
l) is i
i
i
in
n
n
n
n
ntended
d
d
d
d for the students who have
studied Chinese 2-3 class hour
r
r
r
rs
s
s
s
s per wee
e
e
e
ek for
r
r
r
r m
m
m
m
mo
o
o
o
or
r
r
r
re than 2 academic years. These
students have mastered abou
u
u
ut
t
t
t
t 3,000 common words
s
s
s
s.
II. Test Levels
The different l
l
levels of H
H
H
HSKK
K
K
K are correspond
d to some of th
h
h
h
he l
l
l
levels in the Chinese
L P fi i S l F S k f Oth L (CLPS) d it

43 | P a g e
Promote learning through examination: encourage Chinese language learners’
interest and confidence, and further broaden the scope of the test in accordance
with the actual demands of overseas Business Chinese learners and Chinese
speakers in a general working environment.
Promote teaching through examination: provide teachers and self-learners with
graded, task-based teaching resources and suggestions related to business Chinese,
and help teaching and training institutions systematically and effectively improve
business Chinese learners and speakers’ abilities to use the Chinese language in
real business or common working environments.
Provide positive feedback for test takers: evaluate test takers’ ability to complete
various language tasks by asking them to carry out a series of typical business
language tasks and provide positive feedback for Chinese language learners to plan
their future studies.
III. Test Purposes
BCT test results provide reference to following purposes:
1.Provide a basis for employers to assess non-native Chinese speakers’
(candidates) Chinese competence in daily work. Test scores can be used as a
reference for employee recruitment, selection, placement and promotion.
2. Help relevant teaching and training institutions to assess students’ business
Chinese proficiency in recruitment, class divisions, and granting credits.
and help teaching and training institutions systematically and effectively improve
business Chinese learners and speakers’ abilities to use the Chinese language in
real business or common working environ
n
n
n
nm
m
m
m
me
e
e
e
ents.
Provide positive feedback for te
e
es
s
s
s
s
st
t
t
t takers
s
s
s:
:
:
: eval
l
lu
u
u
u
u
uate te
e
e
e
e
es
s
s
s
st
t
t
t takers’ ability to complete
various language tasks by aski
i
i
in
n
n
n
ng them t
t
t
t
to
o
o c
c
ca
a
ar
r
r
rr
r
r
r
ry
y
y
y o
o
o
ou
u
ut
t
t a
a
a
a
a series of typical business
r
r
r
r
r
language tasks and provide p
p
p
p
po
o
o
o
ositive feedback for Ch
h
h
h
hi
i
i
i
i
i
inese language learners to plan
their future studies.
III. Test Purpose
e
e
e
e
e
e
es
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
BCT test resu
u
u
u
u
u
ul
l
l
l
l
l
lt
t
t
t
t
ts
s
s
s p
p
p
p
p
pr
r
r
r
r
ro
o
o
o
ov
v
v
v
v
v
vi
i
i
id
d
d
d
d
d
de r
r
r
r
re
e
e
e
e
ef
f
f
f
f
fe
ere
e
e
en
n
n
n
n
nc
c
c
c
c
c
ce
e
e
e
e
e
e
e t
t
t
t
t
to
o
o
o
o
o
o
o f
f
f
f
f
f
fo
o
o
o
o
ol
l
l
l
ll
l
l
l
l
lo
o
o
o
o
o
o
ow
w
w
w
wi
i
i
i
i
in
n
n
n
n
ng
g
g
g
g p
p
p
p
p
p
pu
u
u
u
ur
r
r
r
r
rp
p
p
p
p
po
o
o
o
os
s
s
s
s
s
se
e
e
e
es
s
s
s
s
s:
:
:
:
:
:
1.Provide a basis for employers to assess non-native Chinese speakers’

53 | P a g e
E Perfective aspect marker Ҷ
Indicating a completed, limited, contrasted or perfective action
ԌⵁҼњ⅗Ⱦ
WƗNjQOHOLӽQJFu
He watched it twice.
Negation by ⋑ and without Ҷ
Ԍ⋗ⵁȾ
WƗPpLNjQ
+HGLGQ
WZDWFKLW
With reference to the future
֖ਹҼ侣ቧৱଠ‫ݵ‬ϋ
QӿFKƯOHIjQMLTQӽ
HU
Where do you go after you eat?
F Experiential aspect marker 䗷
Indicating an experience in the past
Ԍৱ䗽⌋ളȾ
He watched it twice.
Negation by ⋑ and without Ҷ
Ԍ⋗ⵁȾ
WƗPpLNjQ
+HGLGQ
WZDWFKLW
With reference t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
to
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
th
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
he
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
fu
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
ut
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
tu
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
ur
r
re
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
֖ਹҼ侣ቧৱଠ‫ݵ‬ϋ
QӿFKƯOHIjQM
M
M
M
M
M
ML
L
L
L
L

T
T
T
T
T
T
T

Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Qӽ
ӽ
ӽ
ӽ
ӽ
ӽ
ӽ
ӽ
HU
U
U
U
U
U
Where do you go after you eat?

63 | P a g e
Ԍᱞཟৱр⎭Ⱦ
WƗ]XyWLƗQTVKjQJKӽL
He went to Shanghai yesterday.
Place
ྯ൞㾵ᆿᆜҖ㤧䈣Ⱦ
WƗ]jL[Ư
ƗQ[Xp[tƯQJԃ
6KHLVVWXGLQJ(QJOLVKLQ;L
DQ
Manner
ԌԢආ㡯ৱȾ
WƗPHQ]XzFKXiQT
They go by boat.
Frequency
ᡇԢᑮᑮৱਁ䉀୼ᓍȾ
ZԁPHQFKiQJFKiQJTԁXuVKƗQJGLjQ
We often go to the friendship store.
Place
ྯ൞㾵ᆿᆜҖ㤧䈣Ⱦ
WƗ]jL[Ư
ƗQ[Xp[tƯQJԃ
6KHLVVWXGLQJ(QJOLVKLQ;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;L
L
L
L
L
L
L
DQ
Manner
ԌԢආ㡯ৱȾ
WƗPHQ]XzFKX
X
X
X
X
X
X
Xi
i
i
i
i
i
i
iQ
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
QT
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T

They go by boat.
Frequency
ᡇԢᑮᑮৱਁ䉀୼ᓍ

73 | P a g e
Ordinal numbers ㅜ а
Use of ӂ and њ
жθӂθ п ƯqUVƗQ one two Three
њᵢҜ
OLӽQJEČQVKǌ
Two books
Approximate numbers
пȽ഑ᵢҜ VƗQVuEČQVKǌ
Three or four books
B Dates and times
Year
жғғйᒪ
ƯMLԃMLԃTƯQLiQ
Use of ӂ and њ
жθӂθ п
п ƯqUVƗQ
Q one two
o
o
o
o T
T
T
T
Th
h
h
h
hree
њᵢҜ
OLӽQJEČQVKǌ
ǌ
ǌ
Two books
Approximate
e n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
nu
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
um
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
mb
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
be
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
er
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
rs
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
пȽ഑ᵢҜ V
V
V
V
V
V
V
VƗ
Ɨ
Ɨ
Ɨ
Ɨ
Ɨ
Ɨ
Ɨ
Ɨ
ƗQ
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
QV
V
V
V
V
V
V
Vu
u
u
u
u
u
u
uE
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
EČ
Č
Č
Č
Č
Č
Č
Č
Č
Č
Č
ČQ
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
QV
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
VK
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
Kǌ
ǌ
ǌ
ǌ
ǌ
ǌ
ǌ
ǌ
ǌ
ǌ
ǌ
ǌ
Three or fo
o
ou
u
u
u
u
u
ur
r
r
r
r
r b
b
b
b
bo
o
o
o
oo
o
o
o
ok
k
k
k
k
ks
s
s
s
s
s
s

83 | P a g e
7Ɨ]jLZiQJOӽRVKƯQj
HU
He is with Teacher Wang.
Use of ൘ with place and location
ԌԢ൞‫ޢ‬ണ䠂䗯Ⱦ
WƗPHQ]jLJǀQJXiQOӿELDQ
They are in the park.
ॱ䲘൞⚡䖜ㄏ㾵䗯Ⱦ
ƯXjQ]jLKXԁFKƝ]KjQ[ƯELDQ
The hospital is west of the railway station.
PART 2
Verbs
A Verbal aspect marker ⵰
Indicating that an action is an accompaniment to another action
ԌԢආ⵶䈪䈓Ⱦ
WƗPHQ]Xz]KHVKXǀKXj
WƗPHQ]jLJǀQJXiQOӿELDQ
They are in the park.
ॱ䲘൞⚡䖜ㄏ㾵䗯Ⱦ
ƯXjQ]jLKXԁFKƝ]KjQ[
[
[
[
[
[ƯELDQ
The hospital is west of the rai
i
i
i
il
l
l
l
lw
w
w
w
wa
a
a
a
ay
y
y
y
y s
s
s
st
t
t
t
ta
a
a
a
a
at
t
t
t
ti
i
i
i
io
o
o
o
on.
PART 2
Verbs

92 | P a g e
ᐖ
ᐜ ]Xԁ (੃) 1 the left; the left side
ᐜ䗯 ]XԁELƗQ (੃) the left side
ਣ
਩ yòu (੃) 1 the right side; the right
਩䗯 zXELƗQ (੃) the right (or righthand) side; the right
ь
ђ GǀQJ (੃) 1 east:
ђ䗯 GǀQJELDQ (੃) in the east; east side
ђ䗯Ⲻ䖜ㄏ GǀQJELDQGHFKƝ]KjQ East station
Ԍৱђ䗯Ⲻ䖜ㄏȾ 7ƗTGǀQJELDQGHFKƝ]KjQHe goes to the east
station.
ই
঍ nán (੃) south
ਣ
਩ yòu (੃) 1 the right side
e
e
e
e;
;
;
;
; the ri
i
i
i
i
ig
g
g
g
ght
਩䗯 zXELƗQ (
Q
Q ੃) the ri
i
i
i
ig
g
g
g
ght (or r
r
r
r
ri
i
ig
g
gh
h
ht
t
t
th
h
h
h
ha
a
a
a
an
n
n
n
nd
d
d
d
d)
)
) s
s
s
s
side; the right
ь
ђ GǀQJ (
J
J ੃)
)
)
)
) 1 east:
ђ䗯 GǀQJELDQ (
Q
Q ੃
੃
੃
੃
੃
੃
੃
੃
੃
੃)
)
)
)
) i
i
i
i
in the east; east side
ђ䗯Ⲻ䖜ㄏ
ㄏ
ㄏ
ㄏ
ㄏ
ㄏ
ㄏ
ㄏ G
G
G
G
G
G
Gǀ
ǀ
ǀ
ǀQJ
J
JE
E
E
E
E
EL
L
L
L
L
L
LDQG
G
G
G
G
G
GH
H
HF
F
F
F
F
F
F
FK
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
KƝ
Ɲ
Ɲ
Ɲ
Ɲ
Ɲ
Ɲ
Ɲ
Ɲ]
]
]K
K
K
K
K
K
Kj
j
j
j
j
j
jQ E
E
E
E
E
East
t
t
t
t
t
t s
st
t
t
t
t
t
ta
at
t
t
t
t
ti
i
i
i
ion
n
Ԍৱђ䗯Ⲻ䖜ㄏȾ 7ƗTGǀQJELDQGHFKƝ]KjQ
He goes to the east

106 | P a g e
ᡇԢৱҜᓍθ֖Ԣৱଠ‫ݵ‬ϋ ZԁPHQTVKǌGLjQQӿPHQTQӽ
HU
We are going to the bookstore, where are you going?
ԌԢᱥᆜ⭕Ⱦ 7ƗPHQVKu[XpVKƝQJ They are students.
ԌԢ‫؟‬ WƗPHQOLӽ the two of them.
ྯ WƗ (ԙ) she; her
ྯԢ WƗPHQ (ԙ) [ indicating the female sex] they
ྯᖾ儎Ⱦ 7ƗKČQJƗR She is very tall.
ྯԢᱥᡇⲺੂᆜȾ 7ƗPHQVKuZԁGHWyQJ[Xp They are my
classmates.
ࢃ䗯 qiánbian (੃) in front
侣ᓍⲺࢃ䶘 fàndiàn de qiánmiàn In front of the hotel
Ӫ〠ԓ䇽˖Personal pronouns ࡡӰȽ ཝᇬȽ ᆹȽ ᆹԢȽ ૧Ƚ ૧
ԢȽ 㠠ᐧ
Ӱ〦ԙ䈃φࡡӰȽ ཝᇬȽ ᆹȽ ᆹԢȽ ૧Ƚ ૧ԢȽ 㠠ᐧ
UpQFKƝQJGjLFt%LpUpQGjMLƗWƗWƗPHQ]iQ]iQPHQ]uMӿ
Personal pronouns: others, everyone, it, them, we, we, ourselves
HSK 2 V2021 G06.00A
ྯ WƗ (
Ɨ
Ɨ ԙ) she; her
ྯԢ WƗPHQ
Q (
Q
Q ԙ) [ indicating th
h
h
h
he
e
e
e
e f
f
f
f
female se
e
e
e
e
ex
x
x
x
x
x] they
ྯᖾ儎Ⱦ 7ƗKČQJƗR S
S
S
S
S
Sh
h
h
h
h
he is v
v
v
ve
e
e
e
ery ta
a
a
a
a
al
l
l
l
ll.
ྯԢᱥᡇⲺੂᆜȾ 7ƗP
P
P
P
P
PHQVKuZԁ
ԁ
ԁ
ԁG
G
G
GHWy
y
y
yQJ[X
X
X
X
X
Xp They are my
classmates.
ࢃ䗯 qiánbian (
n ੃) in fro
o
o
o
on
n
n
n
nt
侣ᓍⲺࢃ䶘 f
f
f
f
f
fà
à
à
à
à
à
à
à
àn
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
nd
d
d
d
d
di
i
i
i
i
i
ià
à
à
à
à
à
à
à
à
à
àn
n
n
n
n
n
n
n d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
de
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e q
q
q
q
q
q
q
qi
i
i
i
i
i
i
iá
á
á
á
á
á
á
á
á
án
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
nm
m
m
m
m
m
m
mià
à
à
à
à
àn
n
n
n
n
n I
I
I
In
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n f
f
f
f
f
f
f
fr
r
r
r
r
ro
o
o
o
o
o
o
on
n
n
n
n
n
n
nt
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t o
o
o
o
o
o
o
of
f
f
f
f
f
f
f t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
th
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
he
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
ho
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
ot
t
t
t
t
t
t
te
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
el
l
l
l
l
Ӫ〠ԓ䇽˖P
Pe
ersonal p
pronouns ࡡӰȽ ཝᇬȽ ᆹȽ ᆹԢȽ ૧Ƚ ૧
ԢȽ 㠠ᐧ
ᐧ
ᐧ
Ӱ〦ԙ䈃φࡡӰȽ ཝᇬȽ ᆹ
ᆹ
ᆹȽ ᆹԢȽ ૧Ƚ ૧ԢȽ 㠠ᐧ

117 | P a g e
5 ᮠ䇽 shù cí Numeral
ᮦ䈃 shù cí Numeral
ॷӊ VKtZԃ fifteen
ӊॷ ZԃVKt fifty
жⲴжॷӊ ƯEӽLƯVKtZԃ One-hundred and fifteen
жⲴӊॷ ƯEӽLZԃVKt one hundred fifty
‫ޣ‬ liù six
жⲴжॷ‫ޣ‬ ƯEӽLƯVKtOL One hundred and sixteen
ӂⲴ‫ޣ‬ qUEӽLOL Two hundred and six
ӂⲴ‫ॷޣ‬ qUEӽLOLVKt Two hundred sixty
ӂⲴжॷ‫ޣ‬ qUEӽLƯVKtOL Two hundred and sixteen
ӂⲴ䴬‫ޣ‬ qUEӽLOtQJOL Two hundred and six
ॷӂ shí èrtwelve
ӂॷ èr shítwenty
ӂⲴ qUEӽLtwo hundred
њⲴ OLӽQJEӽL two hundred
жⲴжॷӊ ƯEӽLƯVKtZԃ One-hundred and fifteen
жⲴӊॷ ƯEӽLZԃVKt one hu
u
u
u
un
n
n
n
nd
d
d
d
dred f
f
f
f
fi
i
i
i
ifty
‫ޣ‬ liù six
жⲴжॷ‫ޣ‬ ƯEӽLƯV
V
V
V
V
VKtOL One hundred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d and sixteen
ӂⲴ‫ޣ‬ qUEӽLOL Tw
w
w
w
wo hundre
e
e
e
e
e
ed
d
d and s
s
s
s
si
i
i
i
ix
x
x
x
ӂⲴ‫ॷޣ‬ qUEӽLOLVKt T
T
T
T
Tw
w
w
w
wo
o
o
o
o h
h
h
h
hu
u
u
un
n
n
n
nd
d
d
d
d
dr
r
r
r
re
e
e
ed
d
d
d
d sixty
ӂⲴжॷ‫ޣ‬ q
q
q
q
q
q
q
q
qU
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U

E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
Eӽ
ӽ
ӽ
ӽ
ӽ
ӽ
ӽ
ӽ
ӽL
L
L
L
L
L
L
L

Ư
Ư
Ư
Ư
Ư
Ư
Ư
Ư
Ư
Ư

V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
VK
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
Kt
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t

O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
OL
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L

T
T
T
T
T
T
T
Tw
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
wo
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o h
h
h
h
h
h
h
hu
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
un
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
nd
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
dr
r
r
r
r
r
r
re
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
ed
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d a
a
a
a
a
a
an
n
n
n
n
n
n
nd
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d s
s
s
s
s
s
s
si
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
ix
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
xt
t
t
t
t
t
t
te
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
ee
e
e
e
e
e
e
en
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
ӂⲴ䴬‫ޣ‬ q
q
q
q
q
q
q
qU
U
U
U
U
U
UE
E
E
E
Eӽ
ӽ
ӽ
ӽ
ӽ
ӽ
ӽL
L
L
L
L
L
LO
O
O
O
O
O
O
Ot
t
t
t
t
t
tQ
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
QJ
J
J
J
J
J
JO
O
O
O
O
OL
L
L
L
L
L
L
L

T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
Tw
w
w
w
w
w
wo
o
o
o
o
o
o h
h
h
h
h
h
hu
u
u
u
u
un
n
n
n
n
n
nd
d
d
d
dr
r
r
r
r
re
e
e
e
e
ed
d
d
d
d a
a
a
a
an
n
n
n
n
nd
d
d
d
d si
i
i
i
i
i
ix
x
x
x
x
x
ॷӂ shí èr
rt
t
tw
w
w
w
w
we
e
e
el
l
l
l
l
lve

127 | P a g e
ࣘ䟿䇽 Verbal quantifiers : 䙽 ⅑ ൪ എ л
ࣞ䠅䈃φ 䚃 ⅗ ൰ ഔ с GzQJOLjQJFt%LjQFuFKӽQJKXt[Lj
Verbal quantifiers 䚃 ⅗ ൰ ഔ сHSK 2 V2021 G11.00
䚃 biàn (䠅) 3. [indicating the process of an action from
beginning to end] HSK 2 V2021 G11.01
ⵁњ䚃 NjQOLӽQJELjQ Watch twice HSK 2 V2021
G11.01A
䘏ᵢҜᡇԄཪࡦቴⵁ䗽њ䚃 ]KqEČQVKǌZԁFyQJWyXGjRZČL
NjQJXzOLӽQJELjQ ,
YHUHDGWKHERRNWZLFHIURPFRYHUWRFRYHUHSK
2 V2021 G11.01A YAO
䈭߃䈪ж䚃 TӿQJ]jLVKXǀƯELjQ Please say it again. HSK
2 V2021 G11.01A YAO
⅗ Fu (䠅) time; occurrence HSK 2 V2021 G11.02
ৱж⅗ TƯFu Go once HSK 2 V2021 G11.02A
п⅗ VƗQFu three times HSK 2 V2021 G11.02A YAO
俌⅗ VKԁXFu first time HSK 2 V2021 G11.02A YAO
䚃 biàn (
n 䠅) 3. [indicating the process of an action from
beginning to end] HSK 2 V2021 G11.01
ⵁњ䚃 NjQOLӽQJELjQ Watc
c
c
c
ch
h
h
h
h
h tw
w
w
w
wice HSK 2 V2021
G11.01A
䘏ᵢҜᡇԄཪࡦቴⵁ䗽њ
њ
њ
њ
њ
њ䚃 ]KqEČ
Č
Č
Č
Č
ČQ
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
QVKǌZԁFyQJWyXGjRZČL
NjQJXzOLӽQJELjQ ,
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
YH
H
H
H
H
HUHDGWKH
H
H
H
H
H
HERRNWZ
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
ZL
L
L
L
L
L
L
LF
F
F
F
FHI
I
I
I
I
IURPFRYHUWRFRYHUHSK
2 V2021 G11.01A YAO
䈭߃䈪ж䚃 T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
Tӿ
ӿ
ӿ
ӿ
ӿQ
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
QJ
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]j
j
j
j
j
j
j
jL
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
LV
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
VK
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
KX
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Xǀ
ǀ
ǀ
ǀ

Ư
Ư
Ư
Ư
Ư
Ư
ƯE
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
EL
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
Lj
j
j
j
j
j
j
jQ
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q P
P
P
P
P
P
Pl
l
l
l
l
l
l
le
e
e
e
e
ea
a
a
a
a
a
a
as
s
s
s
s
s
se
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
sa
a
a
a
a
a
ay
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y i
i
i
i
i
i
it
t
t
t
t
t
t a
a
a
a
a
a
a
again. HSK
2 V2021 G11.0
0
0
0
01
1A
A
A
A
A
A Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
YA
A
A
A
A
A
A
AO
O
O
O
O
⅗ Fu (䠅
䠅
䠅
䠅
䠅
䠅) time; occurrence HSK 2 V2021 G11.02

Edexcel IGCSE Chinese Grammar (4CN1-3) 2021 Edition 国际汉语水平考试规范性语法 sample

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