This document discusses making concrete more economical by using stone chip aggregates from marble, granite, and kotastone cutting waste. It aims to reduce both environmental impacts and production costs of concrete by utilizing industrial waste from stone processing plants. The authors explore using stone chip aggregates generated as waste from cutting marble, granite, and kotastone in the construction industry.
Farmers Turnedinto Brick Workers: Astudyontheir Social Status Changeijcoa
Agriculture has become a tough task for the farmers due to various challenges before them. In fact they change their profession into various fields like building construction works, contract works, housekeeping, hotels, wine shops & bars, daily vendors, transportation works, daily wages, brick works, etc. In this paper we study the social status change of farmers who has changed into brick workers around the Villupuram town, using Combined Effect Time Dependent Data Matrix [CETD matrix].
Farmers Turnedinto Brick Workers: Astudyontheir Social Status Changeijcoa
Agriculture has become a tough task for the farmers due to various challenges before them. In fact they change their profession into various fields like building construction works, contract works, housekeeping, hotels, wine shops & bars, daily vendors, transportation works, daily wages, brick works, etc. In this paper we study the social status change of farmers who has changed into brick workers around the Villupuram town, using Combined Effect Time Dependent Data Matrix [CETD matrix].
Physical Properties of Construction & Demolished Waste Concreteijsrd.com
In India, recent year construction and demolished concrete waste handling and management is the challenging problem faced by several area of the country. It is very challenging and hectic problem that has to be tackled in an indigenous manner, Due to strict environmental laws and lack of dumping sites in urban areas, construction & demolished waste disposal is a great problem. It is desirable to completely recycle construction & demolished concrete waste in order to protect natural resources, environment and reduce environmental pollution. In this research paper a study is carried out to investigate the physical properties of construction &demolished waste material for concrete, for using as a coarse aggregate in new construction. The present investigation to be focused on recycling construction & demolished waste materials in order to reduce construction cost and resolving housing problems faced by the low income communities of the India in different part of the country. The crushed construction and demolished concrete wastes is segregated by sieving to obtain required sizes of aggregate, several tests were conducted to determine the aggregate properties before recycling it into new concrete.
PROPERTIES OF SUSTAINABLE MORTAR WITH COPPER SLAG AS FINE AGGREGATEIAEME Publication
The construction industry around the globe is progressing at a very high pace. Numerous infrastructural projects demand a vast supply of natural raw materials. The over-exploitation of the natural resources for construction has a negative impact on the environmental. Thereof making construction unsustainable. Utilization of industrial waste in construction is gaining force, not only due to non-availability of the good quality natural raw material but also due to the great potential of various industrial by-products to be a valuable resource. The present experimental study is conducted to investigate the feasibility of Copper slag as fine aggregate in mortar mixes. Total ten mortar mixes with varying percentages of copper slag were prepared,and their properties are compared with properties of mortar mix comprising natural river sand (reference mortar). The mixes were evaluated for flow, density, compressive strength, percentage water absorption, percentage pore voids and abrasion resistance. Present study infers that the inclusion of copper slag as fine aggregate improves the compressive strength, flow, abrasion resistance and reduces percentage water absorption and percentage pore voids in the mortar.
Mechanical Properties of Sustainable Adobe Bricks Stabilized With Recycled Su...IJERA Editor
In the pursuit of cheaper and more sustainable building materialsto meethousing demands in developing countries like Cameroun, the mechanicalproperties ofadobe bricks which have been stabilized with recycled sugarcane fiber waste were investigated. Laboratory experiments were conducted using sugarcanefiber waste stabilized adobe brick specimens with fiber proportions of 0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 1.2%, 2% and 3% by weight.Fiber stabilization increased compressive strength by 58.61% for 3% bricks, reaching 4.79 MPa.Further, 3% fiber stabilized bricks shrunk by 7.49%, while the non-stabilized bricksshrunk by 12.13%. Also, 3% bricks lasted for one week before deterioration when immersed in water, while the non-stabilized bricks lasted for only a few hours. The findings confirmed that sugarcane fiber waste stabilized adobe bricks have improved strength, durability and stability. The use of abandoned sugarcane fiber waste in adobe bricks will contribute to the development of more durable, sustainable and stronger adobe brick structures, as well as reduce the environmental and economic challenges associated with the disposal of sugarcane waste.
Sustainability through Intelligence in BuildingsIJERA Editor
Energy efficiency and energy preservation are two primary worldwide concerns in current reality. Thus, sustainability encompasses those two issues, giving that as a general term refers to the capacity to endure. In architecture sustainability describes environmentally conscious design techniques, minimizing negative environmental impact and enhancing efficiency in the use of materials, energy and space. In every level of design and construction of a building, environmental issues should be taken into account. Each specific decision and choice may have consequences for the environment. Sustainability through the proper and sound use of materials is an obvious practice. Beyond that, intelligence integrated in buildings can promote energy efficiency and wider life cycle. After a brief clarification of what intelligence in buildings entitles, a series of case studies are presented in order to support the fact that in deed energy efficiency and energy preservation (in some cases energy production as well) are achieved through the use of intelligent systems in structures.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON IMPORTANCES OF FLY-ASH BRICKS AND CLAY BRICKS IN CONST...A Makwana
With the change of habits, choice as well as the change of the society the demand of Fly- Ash Bricks are gradually
increasing day by day in the metropolitan cities. Fly-ash bricks are slow but surely replacing conventional clay bricks for
constructions. It is green and environmentally friendly material. The fly ash bricks are comparatively lighter in weight and
stronger and less costly than common clay bricks. Fly- ash Bricks is low value and high volume product and transporting it
over long distances is uneconomical. But due to less awareness of fly ash bricks the different agencies of the construction
wing using clay bricks. This research paper presents a comparison of fly-ash bricks and clay bricks. Based on Fly-ash
bricks and clay bricks data collected, then analysis can be done by using statistical methods (SPSS SOFTWARE).Such a
research study may prove to be beneficial to all the agencies involved in construction and also act as a foundation for future
research studies.
STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH SUGARCANE BAGASSE AS...IAEME Publication
Objective: The primary objectives of this study are Partial replacement of bagasse ash with cement. Calculation for 7 & 28 days strength. Methods: Concrete with the cement emits CO2 which impacts on environment. Bagasse is the by-product of sugar industries and it is introducing into concrete to find the parameters of strength and waste utilisation. Findings: Environmental impact due to Bagasse increases as dumping and land filling results to molasses and other damaging factors to overcome these problems Bagasse ash introduced into the concrete and the experimental is carried out with replacement of Bagasse ash of (0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20%) is carried out for high strength concrete. Applications: Accordingly the codal provisions followed are IS: 10262, IS 456-2000 respectively this is the new work for the innovation for future which has to be carried out by upcoming generations.
A REPORT ON PARTIAL SUBSTITUTE OF CEMENT IN CONCRETE USING RICE HUSK ASHIAEME Publication
Objectives: This research work is to examine the partial replacement of cement in concrete mistreatment rice husk ash. It involved the study of strength properties of the concrete with totally different proportions of rice husk ash as partial replacement in cement. Methods: The major problem sweet-faced by the globe nowadays is that the environmental pollution. In the industry, mainly the production of cement can cause the emission of pollutants that includes a nice impact on atmosphere. This can be reduced by the magnified usage of business by-products within the industry. Findings: In this present study, to produce the concrete, Portland cement is partially substituted with Rice husk ash. Different ratios of partial replacement is done like 1/3, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% is taken to prepare completely different mixes. The concrete specimens are tested for their compressive strength, split tensile strength take a look at and flexural strength test at the age of seven and twenty eight days.
Investigating the Properties of Cement Concrete Containing M Sand as Fine Agg...ijtsrd
M sand also called artificial sand or crushed sand, the prepared by crushing rocks, stones, or larger aggregates into small size particles in the quarry. The study is aimed at the complete replacement of conventional material like river sand used as fine aggregate. By using M sand manufactured sand crushed sand . M sand here acts as a fine aggregate in the cement concrete. The experiment is carried out by finding the value of slump, compressive strength, and split tensile strength. Natural fine aggregate is replaced by M sand to complete mix proportion in the concrete. M sand shares similar properties as conventional Fine Aggregates and gives good split tensile and compressive strength to the concrete. The results are compared with the control mix of design mix M30. The specimens are tested after 7 days and 28 days of curing. Complete replacement of fine aggregate with manufactured sand concrete makes the cost of construction can be controlled. Strength, workability, and durability test also studied. Compressive strength is the most important property of concrete it is also increasing. Complete replacement of fine aggregate with crushed sand production of concrete increasing. It is dust free in M sand which is a good sign to do the replacement. Environment preservation and natural resources conservation is the soul of country development.The application of crushed sand mix for residential building structural members such as column, beam, slab, and foundation and plastering are also elicited. The study brings out the fact that it is also more economical than the typical cement concrete.The findings of this research call for the safe use of manufactured sand. Economical concrete mix is a very useful material for construction, which offers a range of economic, technical, and environmental enhancing and preserving advantages and is destined to become a dominant material for construction in the new era. With increasing structure construction work, its availability and less transportation cost also an important factor as an alternative for river sand. Ankit Pandey | Afzal Khan "Investigating the Properties of Cement Concrete Containing M-Sand as Fine Aggregate for M30 Grade Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd53978.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/engineering/civil-engineering/53978/investigating-the-properties-of-cement-concrete-containing-msand-as-fine-aggregate-for-m30-grade-concrete/ankit-pandey
Attributes affecting success of the residential projects – a reviewA Makwana
Construction industry is complex in nature and construction projects in India face many challenges and complex issues, such as time, cost, safety, quality and stakeholder satisfaction. According to Construction scenario there are various factors that affecting the residential project. These review paper shows the selection of criteria based on by giving the importance to other researcher’s research. The criteria were curtailed down according to literature review studied in this paper, interaction with stakeholder which are Engineers, Project managers, Architects, Consultants, Developers and educational experts, of Surat and Vadodara city in Gujarat.
A Review on Thin-shell Structures: Advances and TrendsA Makwana
This paper provides a review of research advances and trends in the area of thin shell structures. The art of building thin-shell structures has been with us since ancient times. In practical civil engineering, the necessity of covering large column free open areas with shell surfaces is often an issue. Over the course of time, this shell form became very popular to engineers due to a number of advantages it offers, and started drawing the attention of a number of researchers. A thin shell is a term not in itself as readily understandable by the layman as the terms dome or vault would be. It is in a sense a word coined on the basis of its structural connotations, as exhibited in the artifacts it creates. There are many interesting aspects of the use of shells in engineering, but one alone stands out as being of paramount importance: it is the structural aspect. At the beginning of this century, under the influence of the art movement and the dominance of industrialized building materials, any remnants of curvilinear architecture were mercilessly banished. Within that period avant-garde art emphatically proclaimed a total repudiation of the traditions and classical revivals that in architecture were symbolized mostly by arches and vaults. Ready-to-use rectilinear steel beams and columns and easy-to build rectilinear concrete forms struck a lethal blow to the curvilinear approach in architecture. Rectilinearity became synonymous with rationality, while curvilinearity came to symbolize decadence. Remember, for instance, the negative stigma given to the baroque for its assumed pomposity in glorifying curves. In practical terms such an attitude in design is clearly manifested in the present cityscapes that are totally free of arches, domes, shells, and any other form that is not rectilinear. With today‟s almost unlimited computer technology and the knowledge that can be gained from understanding the domes and vaults built both in the past and present, it is hoped that this research work on the review aspects of curvilinear forms will contribute to further exploration and encourage the application of thin shells by the engineers and architects to whom it is addressed. Masonry domes, concrete shells, and large steel contemporary domes are presented in historical terms as case studies and in conceptual terms from the architectural and structural point of view.
Physical Properties of Construction & Demolished Waste Concreteijsrd.com
In India, recent year construction and demolished concrete waste handling and management is the challenging problem faced by several area of the country. It is very challenging and hectic problem that has to be tackled in an indigenous manner, Due to strict environmental laws and lack of dumping sites in urban areas, construction & demolished waste disposal is a great problem. It is desirable to completely recycle construction & demolished concrete waste in order to protect natural resources, environment and reduce environmental pollution. In this research paper a study is carried out to investigate the physical properties of construction &demolished waste material for concrete, for using as a coarse aggregate in new construction. The present investigation to be focused on recycling construction & demolished waste materials in order to reduce construction cost and resolving housing problems faced by the low income communities of the India in different part of the country. The crushed construction and demolished concrete wastes is segregated by sieving to obtain required sizes of aggregate, several tests were conducted to determine the aggregate properties before recycling it into new concrete.
PROPERTIES OF SUSTAINABLE MORTAR WITH COPPER SLAG AS FINE AGGREGATEIAEME Publication
The construction industry around the globe is progressing at a very high pace. Numerous infrastructural projects demand a vast supply of natural raw materials. The over-exploitation of the natural resources for construction has a negative impact on the environmental. Thereof making construction unsustainable. Utilization of industrial waste in construction is gaining force, not only due to non-availability of the good quality natural raw material but also due to the great potential of various industrial by-products to be a valuable resource. The present experimental study is conducted to investigate the feasibility of Copper slag as fine aggregate in mortar mixes. Total ten mortar mixes with varying percentages of copper slag were prepared,and their properties are compared with properties of mortar mix comprising natural river sand (reference mortar). The mixes were evaluated for flow, density, compressive strength, percentage water absorption, percentage pore voids and abrasion resistance. Present study infers that the inclusion of copper slag as fine aggregate improves the compressive strength, flow, abrasion resistance and reduces percentage water absorption and percentage pore voids in the mortar.
Mechanical Properties of Sustainable Adobe Bricks Stabilized With Recycled Su...IJERA Editor
In the pursuit of cheaper and more sustainable building materialsto meethousing demands in developing countries like Cameroun, the mechanicalproperties ofadobe bricks which have been stabilized with recycled sugarcane fiber waste were investigated. Laboratory experiments were conducted using sugarcanefiber waste stabilized adobe brick specimens with fiber proportions of 0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 1.2%, 2% and 3% by weight.Fiber stabilization increased compressive strength by 58.61% for 3% bricks, reaching 4.79 MPa.Further, 3% fiber stabilized bricks shrunk by 7.49%, while the non-stabilized bricksshrunk by 12.13%. Also, 3% bricks lasted for one week before deterioration when immersed in water, while the non-stabilized bricks lasted for only a few hours. The findings confirmed that sugarcane fiber waste stabilized adobe bricks have improved strength, durability and stability. The use of abandoned sugarcane fiber waste in adobe bricks will contribute to the development of more durable, sustainable and stronger adobe brick structures, as well as reduce the environmental and economic challenges associated with the disposal of sugarcane waste.
Sustainability through Intelligence in BuildingsIJERA Editor
Energy efficiency and energy preservation are two primary worldwide concerns in current reality. Thus, sustainability encompasses those two issues, giving that as a general term refers to the capacity to endure. In architecture sustainability describes environmentally conscious design techniques, minimizing negative environmental impact and enhancing efficiency in the use of materials, energy and space. In every level of design and construction of a building, environmental issues should be taken into account. Each specific decision and choice may have consequences for the environment. Sustainability through the proper and sound use of materials is an obvious practice. Beyond that, intelligence integrated in buildings can promote energy efficiency and wider life cycle. After a brief clarification of what intelligence in buildings entitles, a series of case studies are presented in order to support the fact that in deed energy efficiency and energy preservation (in some cases energy production as well) are achieved through the use of intelligent systems in structures.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON IMPORTANCES OF FLY-ASH BRICKS AND CLAY BRICKS IN CONST...A Makwana
With the change of habits, choice as well as the change of the society the demand of Fly- Ash Bricks are gradually
increasing day by day in the metropolitan cities. Fly-ash bricks are slow but surely replacing conventional clay bricks for
constructions. It is green and environmentally friendly material. The fly ash bricks are comparatively lighter in weight and
stronger and less costly than common clay bricks. Fly- ash Bricks is low value and high volume product and transporting it
over long distances is uneconomical. But due to less awareness of fly ash bricks the different agencies of the construction
wing using clay bricks. This research paper presents a comparison of fly-ash bricks and clay bricks. Based on Fly-ash
bricks and clay bricks data collected, then analysis can be done by using statistical methods (SPSS SOFTWARE).Such a
research study may prove to be beneficial to all the agencies involved in construction and also act as a foundation for future
research studies.
STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH SUGARCANE BAGASSE AS...IAEME Publication
Objective: The primary objectives of this study are Partial replacement of bagasse ash with cement. Calculation for 7 & 28 days strength. Methods: Concrete with the cement emits CO2 which impacts on environment. Bagasse is the by-product of sugar industries and it is introducing into concrete to find the parameters of strength and waste utilisation. Findings: Environmental impact due to Bagasse increases as dumping and land filling results to molasses and other damaging factors to overcome these problems Bagasse ash introduced into the concrete and the experimental is carried out with replacement of Bagasse ash of (0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20%) is carried out for high strength concrete. Applications: Accordingly the codal provisions followed are IS: 10262, IS 456-2000 respectively this is the new work for the innovation for future which has to be carried out by upcoming generations.
A REPORT ON PARTIAL SUBSTITUTE OF CEMENT IN CONCRETE USING RICE HUSK ASHIAEME Publication
Objectives: This research work is to examine the partial replacement of cement in concrete mistreatment rice husk ash. It involved the study of strength properties of the concrete with totally different proportions of rice husk ash as partial replacement in cement. Methods: The major problem sweet-faced by the globe nowadays is that the environmental pollution. In the industry, mainly the production of cement can cause the emission of pollutants that includes a nice impact on atmosphere. This can be reduced by the magnified usage of business by-products within the industry. Findings: In this present study, to produce the concrete, Portland cement is partially substituted with Rice husk ash. Different ratios of partial replacement is done like 1/3, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% is taken to prepare completely different mixes. The concrete specimens are tested for their compressive strength, split tensile strength take a look at and flexural strength test at the age of seven and twenty eight days.
Investigating the Properties of Cement Concrete Containing M Sand as Fine Agg...ijtsrd
M sand also called artificial sand or crushed sand, the prepared by crushing rocks, stones, or larger aggregates into small size particles in the quarry. The study is aimed at the complete replacement of conventional material like river sand used as fine aggregate. By using M sand manufactured sand crushed sand . M sand here acts as a fine aggregate in the cement concrete. The experiment is carried out by finding the value of slump, compressive strength, and split tensile strength. Natural fine aggregate is replaced by M sand to complete mix proportion in the concrete. M sand shares similar properties as conventional Fine Aggregates and gives good split tensile and compressive strength to the concrete. The results are compared with the control mix of design mix M30. The specimens are tested after 7 days and 28 days of curing. Complete replacement of fine aggregate with manufactured sand concrete makes the cost of construction can be controlled. Strength, workability, and durability test also studied. Compressive strength is the most important property of concrete it is also increasing. Complete replacement of fine aggregate with crushed sand production of concrete increasing. It is dust free in M sand which is a good sign to do the replacement. Environment preservation and natural resources conservation is the soul of country development.The application of crushed sand mix for residential building structural members such as column, beam, slab, and foundation and plastering are also elicited. The study brings out the fact that it is also more economical than the typical cement concrete.The findings of this research call for the safe use of manufactured sand. Economical concrete mix is a very useful material for construction, which offers a range of economic, technical, and environmental enhancing and preserving advantages and is destined to become a dominant material for construction in the new era. With increasing structure construction work, its availability and less transportation cost also an important factor as an alternative for river sand. Ankit Pandey | Afzal Khan "Investigating the Properties of Cement Concrete Containing M-Sand as Fine Aggregate for M30 Grade Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd53978.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/engineering/civil-engineering/53978/investigating-the-properties-of-cement-concrete-containing-msand-as-fine-aggregate-for-m30-grade-concrete/ankit-pandey
Attributes affecting success of the residential projects – a reviewA Makwana
Construction industry is complex in nature and construction projects in India face many challenges and complex issues, such as time, cost, safety, quality and stakeholder satisfaction. According to Construction scenario there are various factors that affecting the residential project. These review paper shows the selection of criteria based on by giving the importance to other researcher’s research. The criteria were curtailed down according to literature review studied in this paper, interaction with stakeholder which are Engineers, Project managers, Architects, Consultants, Developers and educational experts, of Surat and Vadodara city in Gujarat.
A Review on Thin-shell Structures: Advances and TrendsA Makwana
This paper provides a review of research advances and trends in the area of thin shell structures. The art of building thin-shell structures has been with us since ancient times. In practical civil engineering, the necessity of covering large column free open areas with shell surfaces is often an issue. Over the course of time, this shell form became very popular to engineers due to a number of advantages it offers, and started drawing the attention of a number of researchers. A thin shell is a term not in itself as readily understandable by the layman as the terms dome or vault would be. It is in a sense a word coined on the basis of its structural connotations, as exhibited in the artifacts it creates. There are many interesting aspects of the use of shells in engineering, but one alone stands out as being of paramount importance: it is the structural aspect. At the beginning of this century, under the influence of the art movement and the dominance of industrialized building materials, any remnants of curvilinear architecture were mercilessly banished. Within that period avant-garde art emphatically proclaimed a total repudiation of the traditions and classical revivals that in architecture were symbolized mostly by arches and vaults. Ready-to-use rectilinear steel beams and columns and easy-to build rectilinear concrete forms struck a lethal blow to the curvilinear approach in architecture. Rectilinearity became synonymous with rationality, while curvilinearity came to symbolize decadence. Remember, for instance, the negative stigma given to the baroque for its assumed pomposity in glorifying curves. In practical terms such an attitude in design is clearly manifested in the present cityscapes that are totally free of arches, domes, shells, and any other form that is not rectilinear. With today‟s almost unlimited computer technology and the knowledge that can be gained from understanding the domes and vaults built both in the past and present, it is hoped that this research work on the review aspects of curvilinear forms will contribute to further exploration and encourage the application of thin shells by the engineers and architects to whom it is addressed. Masonry domes, concrete shells, and large steel contemporary domes are presented in historical terms as case studies and in conceptual terms from the architectural and structural point of view.
Soft Computing: Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block using Chi-Square Test throu...A Makwana
Achieving an economy in Construction nowadays takes a lot of effort. Various researches are being made to improve the quality of Concrete block so that it can achieve high strength in low weight. One such product was invented known as an Autoclave Aerated Concrete (AAC) block. Autoclave Aerated Concrete (AAC) block is attributed with properties such as a load-bearing, lightweight, high-insulating, and durable. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) block consists of basic materials that are widely available including Sand, Cement, Fly Ash, Lime, Gypsum, Aluminium Powder Paste, Water and an Expansion agent. The major volume in Autoclave Aerated Concrete (AAC) is covered by silica sand and it is one of the world’s most abundant natural resources. The finished product is up to five times the volume of the raw materials used, with an air content of 70% to 80% which makes them lightweight. The effort is made to fulfil the framed objective of this analytical research is to study, Engineer, Consultants and Trader’s perceptions towards the use of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) block in construction projects and to analyse, the data collected as per questionnaire survey of targeted respondents study. This objective was achieved by a deriving conclusion about whether the AAC blocks are much better than clay bricks or not, by soft computing. The soft computing was done using one of the Statistical Packages for the Social Science (SPSS) method. i.e. Chi-square test. Required data for the study was collected through questionnaires that were distributed among the respondents who work at various construction projects. Mainly Engineers, Consultants, Traders and Contractors were selected as a respondent to getting efficient and reliable technical data. Result of the survey proved that the AAC block are better compare to the clay bricks.
Poster Presentation: An Integrated Approach for Enhancing Ready Mixed Concret...A Makwana
An Integrated Approach for Enhancing Ready Mixed Concrete utility using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE RISING IMPORTANCE OF MODULAR CONSTRUCTION ADOPTIO...A Makwana
In recent times, the trend of modular construction adoption is increasing very fast due to
availability of latest tools and technology, efficient technical manpower and skilled labour
why mainly focus of this area is taken into
consideration through management approach with the help of Relative Importance Index
technique. Modular construction is one type of construction in which modular units are
produced in factory and then delivered to site and assembled as large volumetric
components. The modular units can be produced in any form; it may be service units such as
toilets, lifts, parts of rooms and complete rooms. The existing modular construction approach
is based on survey in Rajkot city. For survey work, Questionnaires is designed and distribute
to Consultants and Contractors. After data collection, rank has been given to the selected
factors of modular construction.
EXPANSION JOINT TREATMENT: MATERIAL & TECHNIQUESA Makwana
Although buildings are often constructed using flexible materials, roof and
structural expansion joints are required when plan dimensions are large. It is not possible to
state exact requirements relative to distances between expansion joints because of the many
variables involved, such as ambient temperatures during construction and the expected
temperature range during the life of a building. Expansion joints are periodic breaks in the
structure of the buildings. An expansion joint is a gap in the building structure provided by
an architect or engineer to allow for the movement of the building due to temperature
changes. An expansion joint is an assembly designed to safely absorb the heat-induced
expansion and contraction of various construction materials. They are commonly found
between sections of slabs, bridges, and other structures. The “assembly” can be as simple as
a caulked separation between two sections of the same materials. More recently, expansion
joints have been included in the design of, or added to existing, brick exterior walls for
similar purposes. In concrete and concrete block construction, the term applied is “control
joint,” but serves similar purposes. Throughout the year, building faces and concrete slabs
will expand and contract due to the warming and cooling of our planet through the seasons.
The structures would crack under the stress of thermal expansion and contraction if
expansion joint gaps were not built into the structures. Even today the expansion joint gaps
are often neglected during the design process, and simple caulking is used to fill these gaps
to complete a project. This simple caulking cannot handle the thermal expansion due to the
changing seasons, ultimately leaving a leak point in the structure. This expansion joint
becomes the main source of leakages in the structure which can ruin the interiors of the
building if not sealed or treated confidently. Waterproofing these joints often an overlooked
aspect of waterproofing design and detailing.
DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS: INTEGRATED NOVEL APPROACHA Makwana
Every civil engineering structure is designed for a certain life period generally 100 years. After that the existence of a structure is very dangerous and unstable, which may cause a severe impact and be a cause of many deaths. So removal of such structures with proper safety measures has got great importance. Before any demolition of any type is employed in an area, it is vital that the rescue phase has ended completely. The rescue teams must have given clear information to the contractors that their rescue phase is finished in the selected area, since any demolition work carried out may reveal survivors. Such situations are highly sensitive and must be respected. A major disaster has an economic effect on the local region since the loss of buildings, lifelines and infrastructure results in a slump in the local economy. It is therefore important to boost the economy by employing as much local expertise and workforce as possible. This creates a unity in rehabilitation in the community and results in a more stable recovery. Due to this scenario, the demolition work should be carried out by a consortium, especially set up to do the work rather than commissioning the work to individual companies. This consortium must be set up in regions of high seismic risk to ensure rapid formation after a disaster. This will combat the eventual competitiveness of the large financial investors in the community which could result in a monopoly controlled by certain individuals. It would therefore be preferable to have a local demolition joint-venture to generate the needed local income after a disaster. There will, however, be a certain need for outside managerial and consultancy aid, especially in the developing countries, and this must be acknowledged and respected. The cooperation with the outside aid must be extensive and at a high level in conjunction with the local representatives so as to maintain as much of the local culture and style as possible. The outside consultants must be cautious when introducing major resources, such as machinery, into the post-disaster phases since this may be seen as taking work away from local resources.
ANTI-TERMITE TREATMENT: NEED OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYA Makwana
Termites popularly known as white ants cause considerable damage to wood works,
furnishing etc. of buildings. The Latin name Isoptera means "equal wing" and refers to the
fact that the front set of wings on a reproductive termite is similar in size and shape to the hind
set. Termites are social and can form large nests or colonies, consisting of very different
looking individuals (castes). There are more than 2,500 different types of termites in the world.
In some country the loss caused due to termites is estimated to be as high as 10% of the capital
outlay of the building. Anti-termite treatment is therefore necessary so that damages are either
reduced or stopped together. Through regular inspections, a termite specialist can help
identify common hot spots for activity and warning signs for a termite infestation, plus share
tips to help keep termites at bay. Termites can fit through cracks as thin as an average business
card (1/32 inch) so proper maintenance is crucial to seal up any gaps around the foundation
and roof/eaves. To identify the termite and its uniqueness, the life cycle of termite is necessary
to understand. Anti- termites are used to combat the problem. There are combinations of
methods depending on what sort of damage is done by the termites. The treatment has to be
implemented at the time of construction for effective and permanent solution.
INTELLIGENT BUILDING NEW ERA OF TODAYS WORLDA Makwana
A building that uses both technology and process to create a facility that is safe,
healthy and comfortable and enables productivity and well-being of its occupants. With lots
of energy crisis in today‟s world now it‟s important for architects, engineers and construction
managers to make buildings which are energy efficient and intelligent by its functions and as
well as its usage, too. Technologies applied in intelligent buildings will improve the building
environment and functionality for occupants, while reducing operational costs. Smart or
clever buildings, perhaps focus on control systems, but intelligent buildings go far beyond
this. An intelligent building has an implicit logic that effectively evolves with changing user
requirements and technology, ensuring continued and improved intelligent operation,
maintenance and optimization. It exhibits key attributes of environmental sustainability to
benefit present and future generations. An intelligent building system concept recognizes that
the true cost of the building is not its cost of construction; it must include the operating and
maintenance costs over the structure‟s life span. Intelligent buildings yield cost reductions
over all these areas by optimizing energy use through automated control, communication and
management systems. They also guard against repair costs, employee time, productivity loss,
revenue loss and the loss of customers to competitors. Now a day, all heard of „sickbuilding‟
syndrome and the misery this can inflict in the workplace in terms of poor health
and lost production. The notion of the Intelligent Building is the modern civil engineer's Big
Idea in tackling these and other such deficiencies. The intelligent building can adapt itself to
maintain an optimized environment. An intelligent building must be smart enough to vary the
environment to suit the users and also to provide various means of communication or
network regardless of whether it is internal or external. At an even more fundamental level
intelligent buildings can cope with social and technological change and also are adaptable to
human needs. This paper provides a review of research era in the area of Intelligent Building
with case studies.
Bricks Selection through Management Approach by AHP, RII, IMP.I.A Makwana
Demand of Bricks is gradually increasing day by day in the metropolitan cities. Brick is the oldest manufactured building material and much of its history is lost in antiquity. The oldest Burnt or fired bricks have been found on the sites of the ancient cities of Babylonia, some of which are Estimated to be about 6000 years old. This research paper presents a response based comparison of fly-ash bricks, clay bricks, human hair fly ash bricks, Sugarcane bassage ash bricks. Data are collected through distributed survey questionnaire to brick manufacture and then analyzed by various techniques such as Analytic Hierarchy Process, Relative Important Index and Important Index. Such a research study may prove to be beneficial to all the agencies involved in construction and also act as a foundation for future research studies.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION FIRMS...A Makwana
Human resource is required for an organization to conduct different business activities. Without the support of human resource, the organization cannot exist or operate effectively. The success of any organization depends on the effective use of human resources. Human resource is the major contributory force for any kind of organization in India. Due to this, management of this human resource, i.e. Human Resource Management (HRM) must have more significance in India. Also, human resources are major risky to manage in the construction field, as they are not mostly permanent like other industries. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the Human Resource Management (HRM) in the construction industry. However, studies have shown that research on HRM in the project management context is yet undeveloped and publications are relatively rare and most research simply involves case studies or expert reports. Past research has been done on HRM are mostly qualitative and there is a lack of quantitative research. Due to this lack of quantitative research, there is no good-developed framework for factors affecting HRM in the construction industry. A framework of human resource management has been developed. This framework contains 73 factors and it is divided in 8 Main Criterias as: (a) Job Analysis and HR Planning, (b) Recruitment and Selection, (c) Education and Training, (d) Retaining, Motivation and Performance Appraisal, (e) Compensation and Rewards, (f) Employment Relations, (g) Health and Safety, (h) Other External Factors. Data is collected through questionnaires and personal interviews targeting Engineers, Project Managers, HR Managers and Contractors. All factors affecting HRM have been ranked using RII Method, IMP.I. Method and RIR Method using the response acquired from stakeholders.
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
1. Mayur S. Vekariya
Jayeshkumar R. Pitroda
Ashish H. Makwana
Economical Concrete
Using Stone Chips Aggregate
In this book, Concrete is prepared for economic point of view with the
help of different cutting waste of Marble /Granite / Kotastone. This study
concerns mainly on the possible use of Stone waste in construction
industry which would reduce both environmental impacts and the
production cost. Concrete works in construction industry is particularly
important as it is not only responsible for consuming Natural resources and
energy but also its capacity to absorb other industrial waste. Presently
large amounts of stone wastes are generated in Basaltic stone processing
plants with an important impact on the environment due to its disposal.
Stone Chips Aggregate are generated as a waste during the process of
cutting of Marble /Granite / Kotastone.
Prof. Mayur S. Vekariya (B.E. Civil Engineering, M.E. Civil-Construction
Engineering and Management), Dr. Jayeshkumar R. Pitroda (B.E. Civil
Engineering, M.E. Civil-Construction Engineering and Management, Ph.D.
Civil Engineering), Er. Ashish H. Makwana (B.E. Civil Engineering, M.E.
Civil-Construction Engineering and Management)
978-620-2-52350-9
EconomicalConcreteVekariya,Pitroda,Makwana