Thai Architecture History
āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļąāļāļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļāļĒāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļāđāļ
āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļāļāļļāļāļĄāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē
Thai Architecture History
āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļąāļāļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļāļĒāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļāđāļ
āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļāļāļļāļāļĄāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē
10. Figure 1 The Price Elasticity of Demand Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning (a) āļāļļāļāļŠāļāļāđāđāļĄāđāļĒāļ·āļāļŦāļĒāļļāđāļāđāļĨāļĒ (Perfectly Inelastic Demand): Ed = 0 Quantity 0 Price $5 4 Demand 100 1. An increase in price . . . 2. . . . leaves the quantity demanded unchanged.
11. Figure 1 The Price Elasticity of Demand Thai Economy in Global Context 2- (b) āļāļļāļāļŠāļāļāđāļĒāļ·āļāļŦāļĒāļļāđāļāļāđāļāļĒ (Inelastic Demand): Ed < 1 Quantity 0 Price $5 90 Demand 1. A 22% increase in price . . . 2. . . . leads to an 11% decrease in quantity demanded. 4 100
12. Figure 1 The Price Elasticity of Demand Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning (c) āļāļļāļāļŠāļāļāđāļĒāļ·āļāļŦāļĒāļļāđāļāļāļāļāļĩāđ ( Unit Elastic Demand): Ed = 1 Quantity 0 Price 2. . . . leads to a 22% decrease in quantity demanded. 4 100 $5 80 1. A 22% increase in price . . . Demand
13. Figure 1 The Price Elasticity of Demand Thai Economy in Global Context 2- (d) āļāļļāļāļŠāļāļāđāļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļ·āļāļŦāļĒāļļāđāļāļĄāļēāļ ( Elastic Demand): Ed > 1 Quantity 0 Price Demand 4 100 $5 50 1. A 22% increase in price . . . 2. . . . leads to a 67% decrease in quantity demanded.
14. Figure 1 The Price Elasticity of Demand Thai Economy in Global Context 2- (e) āļāļļāļāļŠāļāļāđāļĒāļ·āļāļŦāļĒāļļāđāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļŠāļĄāļāļđāļĢāļāđ ( Perfectly Elastic Demand): E = Quantity 0 Price $4 Demand 2. At exactly $4, consumers will buy any quantity. 1. At any price above $4, quantity demanded is zero. 3. At a price below $4, quantity demanded is infinite.
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16. Figure 2 āļĢāļēāļĒāļĢāļąāļāļĢāļ§āļĄ (Total Revenue: TR) Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity 0 Price Demand Q P P Ã Q = $400 (revenue) $4 100
17. Figure 3 āļĢāļēāļĒāļĢāļąāļāļĢāļ§āļĄ (TR) āđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāđāļāļĨāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāđāļĢāđāļĄāļ·āđāļāļĢāļēāļāļēāđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāđāļāļĨāļ : āļāļļāļāļŠāļāļāđāļĒāļ·āļāļŦāļĒāļļāđāļāļāđāļāļĒ (Inelastic Demand) Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity 0 Price Quantity 0 Price An Increase in price from $1 to $3 âĶ âĶ leads to an Increase in total revenue from $100 to $240 Demand Revenue = $100 Revenue = $240 Demand $1 100 $3 80
18. Figure 4 āļĢāļēāļĒāļĢāļąāļāļĢāļ§āļĄ (TR) āđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāđāļāļĨāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāđāļĢāđāļĄāļ·āđāļāļĢāļēāļāļēāđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāđāļāļĨāļ : āļāļļāļāļŠāļāļāđāļĒāļ·āļāļŦāļĒāļļāđāļāļĄāļēāļ (Elastic Demand) Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity 0 Price Quantity 0 Price An Increase in price from $4 to $5 âĶ âĶ leads to an decrease in total revenue from $200 to $100 Demand Revenue = $200 $4 50 Demand Revenue = $100 $5 20
25. Figure 6 The Price Elasticity of Supply Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning (a) āļāļļāļāļāļēāļāđāļĄāđāļĒāļ·āļāļŦāļĒāļļāđāļāđāļĨāļĒ (Perfectly Inelastic Supply): Es = 0 Quantity 100 0 Price $5 4 Supply 1. An increase in price . . . 2. . . . leaves the quantity supplied unchanged.
26. Figure 6 The Price Elasticity of Supply Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning (b) āļāļļāļāļāļēāļāļĒāļ·āļāļŦāļĒāļļāđāļāļāđāļāļĒ ( Inelastic Supply): Es < 1 Quantity 0 Price 110 $5 100 4 1. A 22% increase in price . . . 2. . . . leads to a 10% increase in quantity supplied. Supply
27. Figure 6 The Price Elasticity of Supply Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning (c) āļāļļāļāļāļēāļāļĒāļ·āļāļŦāļĒāļļāđāļāļāļāļāļĩāđ ( Unit Elastic Supply): Es = 1 Quantity 0 Price 125 $5 100 4 2. . . . leads to a 22% increase in quantity supplied. 1. A 22% increase in price . . . Supply
28. Figure 6 The Price Elasticity of Supply Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning (d) āļāļļāļāļāļēāļāļĒāļ·āļāļŦāļĒāļļāđāļāļĄāļēāļ ( Elastic Supply): Es > 1 Quantity 0 Price 1. A 22% increase in price . . . 2. . . . leads to a 67% increase in quantity supplied. 4 100 $5 200 Supply
29. Figure 6 The Price Elasticity of Supply Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning (e) āļāļļāļāļāļēāļāļĒāļ·āļāļŦāļĒāļļāđāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļŠāļĄāļāļđāļĢāļāđ ( Perfectly Elastic Supply): Es = Quantity 0 Price $4 Supply 3. At a price below $4, quantity supplied is zero. 2. At exactly $4, producers will supply any quantity. 1. At any price above $4, quantity supplied is infinite.
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35. Table 1 Four Possible Buyersâ Willingness to Pay Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2004 South-Western
37. Figure 7 The Demand Schedule and the Demand Curve Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Price of Album 0 Quantity of Albums 1 2 3 4 Demand $100 John â s willingness to pay 80 Paul â s willingness to pay 70 George â s willingness to pay 50 Ringo â s willingness to pay
38. Figure 8 Measuring Consumer Surplus with the Demand Curve Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning (a) Price = $80 Price of Album 50 70 80 0 $100 1 2 3 4 Quantity of Albums Demand John â s consumer surplus ($20)
39. Figure 8 Measuring Consumer Surplus with the Demand Curve Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning (b) Price = $70 Price of Album 50 70 80 0 $100 1 2 3 4 Quantity of Albums Demand Total consumer surplus ($40) John â s consumer surplus ($30) Paul â s consumer surplus ($10)
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41. Figure 9 How the Price Affects Consumer Surplus Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity (a) Consumer Surplus at Price P Price 0 Consumer surplus Demand P 1 Q 1 B A C
42. Figure 9 How the Price Affects Consumer Surplus Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity (b) Consumer Surplus at Price P Price 0 Initial consumer surplus Demand A B C D E F P 1 Q 1 P 2 Q 2 Consumer surplus to new consumers Additional consumer surplus to initial consumers
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44. Table 2 The Costs of Four Possible Sellers Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2004 South-Western
46. Figure 10 The Supply Schedule and the Supply Curve Thai Economy in Global Context 2-
47. Figure 11 Measuring Producer Surplus with the Supply Curve Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity of Houses Painted Price of House Painting 500 800 $900 0 600 1 2 3 4 (a) Price = $600 Supply Grandma â s producer surplus ($100)
48. Figure 11 Measuring Producer Surplus with the Supply Curve Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity of Houses Painted Price of House Painting 500 800 $900 0 600 1 2 3 4 (b) Price = $800 Georgia â s producer surplus ($200) Total producer surplus ($500) Grandma â s producer surplus ($300) Supply
49. Figure 12 How the Price Affects Producer Surplus Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity (a) Producer Surplus at Price P Price 0 Producer surplus Supply B A C Q 1 P 1
50. Figure 12 How the Price Affects Producer Surplus Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity (b) Producer Surplus at Price P Price 0 P 1 B C Supply A Initial producer surplus Q 1 P 2 Q 2 Producer surplus to new producers Additional producer surplus to initial producers D E F
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55. Figure 13 Consumer and Producer Surplus in the Market Equilibrium Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Price 0 Quantity Producer surplus Consumer surplus Equilibrium price Equilibrium quantity Supply Demand A C B D E
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57. Figure 14 The Efficiency of the Equilibrium Quantity Thai Economy in Global Context 2- CopyrightÂĐ2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity Price 0 Supply Demand Cost to sellers Cost to sellers Value to buyers Value to buyers Value to buyers is greater than cost to sellers. Value to buyers is less than cost to sellers. Equilibrium quantity