Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of a community over time. It occurs through primary succession on new surfaces like lava flows, and secondary succession after disturbances in previously colonized areas. Pioneer species are the first to colonize new habitats, contributing nutrients to soils through decomposition. Over time, the community develops towards a climax community adapted to the local climate and geography, which will persist until disrupted by disturbances.

1. Ecological Succession
BIOL/ENVS 3003: ECOLOGY (Lab)
Syed Mohammad Lokman
Instructor, Asian University for Women

2. The process of change in
the species structure of
an ecological community
over time.
Ecological succession

3. ● Primary succession
● Secondary succession

6. The first species to arrive and colonize the newly formed
habitat are pioneer species.
These early colonizers contribute nutrients to the soil
through organic matter accumulation from decomposition.
Pioneer Species

7. A climax community is the “endpoint” of succession
within the context of a particular climate and geography.
A climax community will persist in a given location until a
disturbance occurs.
Climax Community

8. Video Sample

9. Exercise 3.1: Ecological Succession Lab
● Form a Group of two (Total 14)
● Find the Worksheet in the Workstation
● Complete the Exercise Individually
● Discuss with your Group Member