Water Analysis: Part 2

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This document discusses water analysis methods for measuring dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) as part of an ecology lab course at the Asian University for Women. The instructor is Syed Mohammad Lokman and a YouTube video is provided as a supplementary resource.

Education

Water Analysis:
Dissolved Oxygen; BOD; COD
BIOL/ENVS 3003: ECOLOGY (Lab)
Syed Mohammad Lokman
Instructor, Asian University for Women

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
m9XGsEs55Qo&t=29s

This series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time is called ecological succession.In another words, Ecological succession is the change in species composition over time; that is, the replacement of one group of species by another group of species. There are two major types of ecological succession: primary succession and secondary succession. In primary succession, a site that is initially absent of species becomes colonized for the very first time. In secondary succession, a site that supports an existing assemblage of species experiences a disturbance that changes the composition of species. Both types of succession can occur in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The first species to arrive and colonize the newly formed habitat are pioneer species. These early colonizers contribute nutrients to the soil through organic matter accumulation from decomposition. Some early successional plant species can fix atmospheric nitrogen and thereby increase nitrogen availability in the soil for other plants. As soil nutrients increase over succession it allows for the colonization of previously nutrient-limited species that were unable to establish initially. This facilitates the turnover in species composition over time. In terrestrial ecosystems, this compositional shift corresponds to a change in life forms and distinct species assemblages transitioning from small herbaceous plants, to shrubs, and ultimately to stands of trees over the course of succession. Secondary succession in terrestrial ecosystems can initiate after fire, tornadoes/ hurricanes, or humans disturb an already established plant community, removing most species but leaving the soil intact. The disturbance changes exposure of the habitat to sunlight, wind, and water that alters colonization and the assemblage trajectory of the new plant community. Some plant species may arrive to the disturbed site from

Intro to Ecology

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Soil Analysis Worksheet

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Sampling Method

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Ecological Succession: Part 1

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