To know very well about grass land ecosystem

1. GRASS LAND ECOSYSTEM

2. •Grasslands occupy nearly 19 percent of the
earth’s surface.
•Grass lands are found in Russia, Siberia,
North America and Africa.

3. CHARACTERISTICS FEATURES OF GRASSLAND
ECOSYSTEM
i. These are plain lands occupied by various kinds of grasses.
ii. Grasslands classified into three types on the basis of height. They
are tall grasses of 1 to 3 meter height, midgrasses of 0.5 to 1 meter
height and short grasses of less than 0.5 meter height.
iii. In these grasslands annual rainfall ranges from 75 to 100 cm and
the temperature varies from 15˚C to 32˚C.
iv. The soil of grassland contain large amount of humus.
v. Trees are absent due to high rate of transpiration.
vi. Grasslands are dominated by animals like rabbit, mice, antelope,
zebra, prairie dogs etc.,

5. Abiotic Component
• The abiotic component of grassland ecosystem are nutrients
present in the soil and air.
• The elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphate, Sulphur, water etc present in air and soil.

6. Biotic Component
The biotic component of a grassland ecosystem are the following
sequence:
a) Producers:
 The producers of the grassland ecosystem are mainly grasses, a few
herbs and shrubs.
 They depend on the abiotic substances of the ecosystem producing
energy.

7. b) Consumers:
These are as follows:
i) Primary Consumers:
 They eat the producers like grasses, shrubs etc.
 The herbivorous animals such as deer, sheep, rabbit, mouse, cows etc, are
called as primary consumers.
 Some insects, termites and millipedes also feed on the leaves of grasses.

8. ii) Secondary Consumers:
 They kill and eat the herbivorous animals.
 They are also called as carnivores.
 Example: Frogs, Lizards, Birds, Fox etc.,

9. iii) Tertiary Consumers:
 The animals which kill and eat the secondary consumers.
 They are also called as top carnivores.
 Example: Hawks, Snakes etc.,

10. c) Decomposers:
The microbial organisms that decompose the dead plants and animals.
They include bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes.
The microbes bring several mineral back to the soil through the
decomposition of dead plants and animals.
Thus, the soil is enriched with nutrients and making them available to
producers.