This document discusses genetically modified (GM) foods, their potential ecological impacts, and future prospects. It notes that GM foods are seen as a solution to increasing global food needs due to population growth. While GM foods may have benefits like increased nutrient levels and pest/disease resistance, they also pose risks such as genetic contamination of natural species, negative ecosystem effects, and unknown human health impacts. Future prospects include developing GM techniques that reduce risks, and the possibility that GM foods could help address world hunger if shown to be safe.

1. ECOLOGICAL
IMPACTS OF GM
FOODS and FUTURE
PROSPECTIVES
M. SNEHA
III-BIOTECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECH
BON SECOURS COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
THANJAVUR

2. CONTENT
 Introduction
 GM Foods
 Impacts
1.Benifits
2. Risks
 Future prospective
 Reference

3. INTRODUCTION
 GM Food species are the solution for
the increasing food consumption in many
countries.
 Human Population expected 9.8 billion
reach by 2050.
 World hunger is a big problem in a developing
society

4. GM FOODS
 Genetically modified organisms can
be defined as organisms in which the genetic
material (DNA) has been altered in a way that
does not occur naturally by mating and/or
natural recombination. Foods produced from or
using GM organisms are often referred to
as GM foods

5. BENEFITS
 Delayed ripening:
 The Flavr savr tomato is the pioneer
 GM Food to approve from the Food and
Drug ) of America licensed in 1994.
 Suppresion of ethylene hormone required for
ripening.
 Delay of ripening makes vegetables with long
shelf life period.

6. BENEFIT CHART

7. RISKS
 Genetic Contamination or Inter breeding
 Competition with natural
 Ecosystem Impacts
 Health affects
 HGT

8. Genetic contamination
 Introduced GMOs may interbreed with the
wild-type or sexually compatible relatives.
 The novel trait may disappear in wild types
unless it confers a selective advantage to the
recipient.
 However, tolerance abilities of wild types may
also develop, thus altering the native species’
ecological relationship and behaviour.

9. Compete with Natural species
 Faster growth of GMOs can enable them to have
a competitive advantage over the native
organisms.
 This may allow them to become invasive , to
spread into new habitats, and cause ecological
and economic damage.

10. Ecosystem impacts
 The effects of changes in a single species may
extend well beyond to the ecosystem.
 Single impacts are always joined by the risk of
ecosystem damage and destruction.

11. Health effects
 These include enhanced pathogenicity,
emergence of a new disease,
 Pest or weed, increased disease burden if the
recipient organism is a pathogenic
microorganism.
 Virus, increased weed or pest burden if the
recipient organism is a plant or invertebrate,
 Adverse effects on species , communities, or
ecosystems.

12. HGT(Horizontal gene transfer)
 HGT is the acquisition of foreign genes (via
transformation, transduction, and conjugation)
by organisms in a variety of environmental
situations.
 It occurs especially in response to changing
environments and provides organisms, especially
prokaryotes, with access to genes other than
those that can be inherited.

13. Advantages of GM foods
 NUTRITIONAL CONTENT: The UN food
and agricultural Organization notes that rice,
genetically modified high levels of Vitamin A.
 DISEASE TOLERANCE: Bananas modified
to resist black sigatoka fungus.
 HERBICIDE TOLERANCE: Plant act as a
weed killer. Ex:90 % of soyabean grown in
Argentina during 2002 were GM.

14.  PHARMACEUTICAL: Potatoes have been
modified to produce edible vaccine against E.
 TRANSPORT : GM Food have a prolonged
shelf life , it is easier to transport them to greater
distance.

15. Disadvantages
 GM Crops may cause antibiotic resistance.
 Independent research is not allowed.
 Genes go into different plant species
 GM Food may cause carcinogen exposure risk.

16. Human health risks
 Allergenicity
 We already have allergies to peanuts and other
foods…
 Introducing gene may create more allergies
 Unknown effects on human health
 However, proposal to introduce a gene from
Brazil nuts into Soyabeans was abandoned

17. FUTURE PROSPECTIVES
 Increasing of world population people need a
food revolution.
 GM Foods is the best source of increasing
world hunger.
 On the whole, with the exception of possible
allergenicity, scientists believe that GM foods do
not present a risk to human health.

18.  In future may be the scientist develops the GM
techniques without above risks and
disadvantages.
 GM Foods may take place all world wide
Countries. ICE MINUS STRAW BERRY
GOLDEN RICE

19. PREPARATION OF GM FOOD

20. CRITICISM OF GM FOOD
www.greenpeace.org/raw/image_full/france/

21. REFERENCE
 https://www.tandfonline.com
 Ruchir raman(2017) The impact of genetically modified food: A
Review GM Crops
 www.benthamopen.com/TOASJ
 ISRN Ecology-Review article
 www.vittana.org
 source: www.socratic.org
 https://abem.uwinnipeg.ca
 www.pinterest,com

22. THANK YOU