This document provides a historical overview of important figures and advances in electrocardiography (ECG) and our understanding of myocardial infarction (MI). It begins with Luigi Galvani's pioneering work in the late 18th century on electricity and muscle contraction. Later scientists like Einthoven improved electrode techniques and established the three-lead ECG system still used today. In the early 20th century, studies by Herrick, Smith and others helped correlate ECG patterns with coronary artery occlusion and MI pathology, establishing ECG as a tool for diagnosing heart attacks.

1. ECG
PHYSIOLO
GY
&
LOCALISA
TION OF
MI

2. LUIGI GALVANI

3. PLAN
 1 RECALL THE GREAT WORK
OF LEGENDS
 2 REVISE THE PRESENT
 3 APPLY TO SAVE LIVES

4. ..
1 HISTORY AND GROUND BREAKING
ADVANCES
2 BRIEF REVIEW ON HEART AND
ELECTRICITY AND MECHANICS
3 LEADS APPLICATION
4 ECG READING
5 MI PPATHOPHYSIOLOGY
6 ECG IN MI

5. Luigi galvani
While working in lab ,he noticed
contraction of leg muscles when
scalpel touched the nerve.
Proposed mechanism-Animal
electricity
This formed the basis of
ELECTRICITY AND CONTRACTION
OF HEART

6. 1780- Luigi galvani

8. SIR HANS
CHRISTIAN
OERSTED…
PLATINUM WIRE HEATING WITH ELECTRICITY
CAUSED MOVEMENT OF COMPASS NEEDLE.

9. JOHANN
SCHWEIGGER
 Proposed that current carrying
wire produces magnetic field.
 he invented GALVANOMETER

10. .
 CARLO MATEUCCI
 EMIL DUBOIS –REYMOND
made further improvements to
the galvanometer by
increasing turns of the wire on
the coil to 24,000 ( 5 km wire )

12. 1872 –capillary
electrometer
by GABRIAL
LIPPMANN
Open the chest
,expose the heart
and connect
electrodes and
measure the rise
/fall of potential

13. AUGUSTUS DESIRE
WALLER -electrogram
 1ST person to attempt non
invasive measuring of heart s
electricity.
 As the voltage in heart is <1
mv he tried a new technique.
 He shone a light through
meniscus and projected on to
a moving photographic plate

15. Waller s
OBSERVATIONS
 ECF surrounding heart acts as
a continuous conducting
medium between hearta and
skin.
 Postulated that spread of
electricity is from apex to atria

16. ORIENTATION OF
HEART

17. EINTHOVEN
 ENHANCED ELECTROMETER
 DEFLECTIONS NAMING AS P,Q
,R,S,T – FOLLOWED RENE
DISCARTES, MATHEMATICIAN
AND METAPHYSICIST OF 17 TH
CENTURY WHO REPRESENTED
MATHEMATIC DEPECTIONS
WITH P ,Q, …..

18. Einthoven triangle
 Based on various permutaitons
and combinations of placing
electrodes,einthoven finally
used 3 leads – LIMB LEADS
1,2,3
 LEAD3 EQUALS DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN LEAD 2 AND 1

21. Nobel prize 1924
For contributions in
medicine

22. Wilson terminal

23. Wilson s central
terminal
 Wilson incorporated 5 k ohms
resistance to each electrode
and combined 3 electrodes
to form wilsons central termina
 Leads-
 VR-R arm paired with average
of left arm and left foot
 VF-left foot paired with
average of right and left arms
 VL-left arm paired with
average of left foot and right
arm

24. Goldberger s
augmented leads
 He increased the voltages by
50 percent by increasing
resistance
 V=IR
 Avr,……

25. .
 1912- James B Herrick reported
clinico –pathological
correlation of sudden
coronary artery occlusion.
 Dr .fred smith –described
typical ecg patterns in 60 dogs
.
 He opened chests and tied
each coronary arteries with
strong linen , closed the chest
and recorded ecg ,observed
different pattern in each
artery……

26. .
 1938-AMERICAN HEART
ASSOCIATION – defined
standard positions of
precordial leads