Willem Einthoven invented the first successful electrocardiogram (ECG) machine in the early 20th century, allowing doctors to non-invasively monitor the electrical activity of the heart. While earlier devices had been invented, Einthoven's use of the string galvanometer significantly improved the quality and readability of ECG tracings. An ECG traces the heart's rhythm on graph paper and can help diagnose a variety of heart conditions by detecting abnormalities in rate, rhythm, and electrical conduction. Preparation for an ECG usually only requires exposing the chest area for electrode placement.