This document discusses ecbolics, which are drugs that stimulate uterine contractions. It describes three main classifications of ecbolics: posterior pituitary hormones like oxytocin; ergot alkaloids like ergometrine; and prostaglandins like PGF2α. Oxytocin is used to induce labor and treat postpartum hemorrhage. Ergometrine is used for uterine involution and hemorrhage. Prostaglandins cause luteolysis and strong uterine contractions, and are used for estrus synchronization and abortion. Ecbolics have various clinical uses but also risks, so proper administration is important.

1. ECBOLICS
AVINASH
BVN 13007

2. ECBOLICS
Oxytocics ,
Uterotonics,
Myometrial stimulants.

3. WHAT IS MEAN BY ECBOLICS?
Ecbolics are drugs which stimulate the
contraction of uterus and helps in the
expulsion of its contents.
When used to induce labor , these agents are
called oxytocic or ecbolic agents.
When used to induce abortion , they are
called abortifacients

4. MAIN USES
Postpartum haemorrhage
To hasten uterine involution
To remove retained placenta
To aid in clearance of uterine discharge
For agalactia due to failure of milk let down
in all species
Used only if cervix is not fully dilated.

5. CLASSIFICATION
Ecbolics can be broadly classified into
following three groups
1. Posterior pituitary hormones and
analogues
Oxytocin , pituitary extract and
carbotocin
2. Ergot alkaloids
Ergometrine ( Ergonovine )
Methylergometrine

6. Cont…
3. Prostaglandin and Analogues
Prostaglandin E2 , Prostaglandin F2α
Misoprostol and Cloprostenol

7. OXYTOCIN
OXYTOCIN EFFECT
Octapeptide hormone
Relased in response to signals from the
genital tract and mammary gland to the
hypothalamus.
Uterine contraction
Milk ejection
Facilitates the transport of sperm in the
female reproductive tract

8. USES
Induce labor
Reverse uterine inertia
Treat agalactia through stimulation of milk
ejection but its efficacy is low
Retained placenta:30-50 units IM
Repeat breeder :5-10 units IM
Milk letdown : 5-10 units IM

9. PREPARATIONS
Pitocin :5 IU / 0.5 ml amp
Syntocinon : 5 IU / 1m amp
Rapid onset of action and a short half life
Following IM administration , the uterus
responds generally within 3-5 mins and after
IV administration the response is immediate

12. CARBETOCIN
Synthetic analogue of oxytocin which has a
much longer halflife than oxytocin
Similar to oxytocin , it stimulates
contraction of estrogen sensitive
myometrium and may be useful in dystocia
due to secondary uterine inertia

15. ERGOT ALKALOIDS
ERGOMETRINE ( ERGONOVINE )
It causes prolonged contraction of
smooth muscle including the myometrium
and blood vessels
USES
Induction of uterine involution
Postpartum haemorrhage
Expulsion of placenta

16. Cont…
DOSE
Administered orally in dogs ( 0.2 mg )
IM to mares ( 1 – 3 mg )
PO or IM in cow ( 10 – 20 mg )
ADVERSE EFFECT
Overdoses cause CNS excitation , muscle
weakness , vomiting in dogs , hypertension ,
hypogalactia through PIR

18. METHYL ERGOMETRINE
 Synthetic analogue of Ergometrine
1.5 times more potent than ergometrine
on uterus but lacks vasoconstriction

21. PROSTAGLANDINS ANALOG
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).
Prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α).
Misoprostol .
Cloprostenol .

22. PROSTAGLANDINS ( PGF2α)
CAUSES
Functional and morphological regression of CL
 Strong vasoconstriction
Diminished blood supply
Luteolysis
Large reduction of progesterone synthesis
Strong oxytocic effect in mares

23. Cont…
It is found in ovary and myometrium and
important role in oestrus cycle ,
 Conception
 Pregnancy and parturition.
Potent uterine stimulants

24. PREPARATIONS
NATURAL ANALOG
Lutalyse
Dinoprost tromethamine : 5mg/ml, 10ml,
30mlvial
SYNTHETIC ANALOG
Estrumate
cloprostenol : 263 μg/ml . 4 ml vial.

25. Cont…
 Vetmate ( vet care )
Cloprostenol : 263 μg / ml. 2ml vial.
Pregma ( intas )
Cloprostenol : 263 μg / ml. 2ml vial.
DOSE
cattle : 0.5 mg

29. INDICATIONS
Induction of ovulation
Synchronization of estrus
Termination of pregnancy
Induction of parturition
Persistent CL
Mummified fetus
Pyometra

30. Cont….
Luteal cyst
Embryo transfer

31. CONTRAINDICATIONS
It should not be used during pregnancy ,
unless termination is required
In bronchoconstrictive respiratory
disease
(e.g asthma)

32. OTHERS
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
Increase PGF2α synthesis in the
endometrium
Mostly used are :-Dexamethasone ( 20 mg
IM ) may induce parturition within 48 hrs
Also when used with dinoprost ( 30 mg IM )
occurs within 2- 3 hrs

33. DOPAMINERGIC AGONISTS
ACTION
Inhibit prolactin secretion by activation of
D2receptors resulting in luteolysis.
CABERGOLINE
induce estrus
treat pseudopregnancy (5g / kg ) orally,
once daily for
5 – 10 days

35. COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE
ARE

38. REFERENCE BOOK
HANDBOOK OF VETERINARY PHAMACOLOGY
by
WALTER H. HSU
ESSENTIALS OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY
AND THERAPEUTICS
by
HARPAL SINGH SANDHU

39. THANK YOU