This document discusses the application of various reproductive hormones in treating different reproductive disorders. It begins by describing the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, and uterus that control the reproductive cycle. It then provides tables listing the source, name, chemical structure, and function of key reproductive hormones. The remainder of the document discusses the clinical uses, commercially available preparations, dosages, and side effects of estrogens, progesterone, FSH, LH, prostaglandins, GnRH, and oxytocin for treating conditions like cysts, delayed ovulation, anovulation, and retained placenta.

1. APPLICATION OF HORMONES IN DIFFERENT
REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS
SUBMITTED TO PROF. DR . GHULAM HUSSAIN DILBAR
SUBMITTED BY ALI HUSSAIN (28)
MUHAMMAD AFFAN(31)
ZUBAIR NAZIR (32)
ASAD MAQBOOL (33)

2. REPRODUCTIVE HOEMONES
• Hormones secreted from hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, and uterus
controlling reproductive cycle is popularly called as reproductive hormones.
• Chemically, these reproductive hormones are protein, glycoprotein, steroid
and fatty acid in nature .
• In view of keeping optimum fertility let us discuss clinical application of
various reproductive hormones.

3. REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES
Serial no. Source Hormones Chemical
structure
Function
1. Hypothalamus Gn-RH Protein Stimulates release of
FSH and LH.
- PIF (Prolactin
inhibiting factor)
Protein Inhibit prolactin
release.
- Oxytocin Protein Stimulate uterine
contraction, helps in
sperm and egg
transport, milk
ejection.

4. REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES
Serial no. Source Hormones Chemical
structure
Function
2. Anterior pituitary FSH Protein Stimulate follicular
growth,
spermatogenesis,
estrogen secretion.
- LH Protein Stimulate ovulation,
Corpus luteum
function, Stimulate
secretion of
progesterone.
- Prolactin Protein Promotes lactation,
Stimulate corpus
luteum function and
promotes maternal
behavior.

5. REPRODUCTION HORMONES
Serial no. Source Hormone Chemical
structure
Function
3. Placenta HCG Glycoprotein LH like activity,
maintain CL in
primates.
- PMSG Glycoprotein FSH like activity,
stimulate
formation of
accessory CL in
mares.
- Placental lactogen Protein Regulation of
maternal nutrient
to fetus.

6. REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES
Serial no. Source Hormones Chemical
structure
Function
4. Gonads Estrogens Steroids Promotes female
sexual behavior,
stimulates secondary
sex characteristics,
growth of
reproductive tract,
uterine contraction
etc.
- Androgens Steroids Develop and
maintain accessory
sex gland, stimulates
secondary sexual
characteristics,
sexual behavior,
spermatogenesis

7. REPRODUCTIVE HOEMONES
Source Hormone Chemical
structure
Function
Gonads Progesterone Steroid Act synergistically
with estrogen in
promoting estrus
behavior and
prepare
reproductive tract
for implantation,
stimulate
endometrial
secretion, maintain
pregnancy, stimulate
mammary alveolar
growth, control
gonadotrophin
secretion.

8. REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES
Serial no. Source Hormone Chemical
structure
Function
5. Uterus Inhibin Protein Inhibit FSH release
- Relaxin Protein Dilate cervix
- PGF2a Fatty acid Luteolytic and
causes uterine
contraction.

9. CLINICAL APPLICATION OF ESTROGEN
CLINICAL USE : For treating persistent CL, for expelling purulent material from uterus,
retained placenta, and mummified fetus, and for promoting weight gain.
SIDE EFFECTS : Cause anemia, prolonged estrus, genital irritation and follicular cysts.
CAUTION : Estrogens should not be given during pregnancy and always used along with
oxytocin.
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PREPARATIONS :
 Stillbesterol ( Stilbesterol Dipropionate ) ( Dose rate 0.3mg/kg ) ( Composition 10mg/ml)
 Agofollin ( Estradiol dipropionate ) ( Dose rate Horses 1mg/kg – Ruminants 4-10mg/kg ) (
Composition 1mg/ml)

10. PROGESTERONE
CLINICAL USE : For extra supply of progesterone.
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PREPARATIONS :
 Pregtone ( Dose rate 0.3-0.6mg/kg ) ( Composition 25 micro-g/ml )
 Progestrone ( Dose rate 0.3-0.6mg/kg ) ( Composition 25 micro-g/ml )

11. FSH
CLINICAL USE : For stimulation of follicles, for estrus synchronization
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PREPARATIONS :
 Sigma ( Dose rate Horses 10-50mg/kg – Ruminants 5mg/kg ) ( Composition
50 units )

12. LH
CLINICAL USE : Delayed ovulation, Anovulation, Luteal insufficiency,
Improve libido in bull.
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PREPARATIONS :
 Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ( Chorulon, Intervet UK Ltd )
 Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ( Pubergen, SKOYA )
Dose rate : Large animals 1500-3000 IU IV or IM
Small animals 100-500 IU IV or IM

13. PROSTAGLANDINS
CLINICAL USE : For estrus synchronization , follicular and luteal cysts.
SIDE EFFECTS : Should not be used in pregnancy.
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PREPARATIONS :
 Prostinol, Clostinol, Cyclomate ( Cloprostinol sodium ) ( Dose rate Horses
0.1mg/kg – Ruminants 0.5mg/kg ) ( Composition 263 micro-g/ml )
 Lutalyse ( Dinoprost tromethamine ) ( Dose rate Horses 0.002mg/kg –
Ruminants 25mg/kg ) ( Composition 5 micro-g/ml )

14. GnRH
COMMECIALLY AVAILABLE PREPARATION
CLINICAL USE : Follicular cyst/Lutenized cyst, Delayed ovulation,
Anovulation, Acyclicity, Improve conception rates ( 12th post service or
insemination )
 Dalmarelin ( Lecirelin acetate ) ( Large size animal 2-4ml – small size animal
1-2ml ) ( Composition 25 micro-g/ml )
 Conceptal ( Buserelin acetate ) ( Dose rate Horses 0.04mg/kg – Ruminants
0.02mg/kg ) ( Composition 4.2 micro-g/ml )

15. OXYTOCIN
CLINICAL USE : To increase uterine contraction during delivery, to aid in delivery of
placenta, to facilitate the involution of uterus and to induce milk let down.
SIDE EFFECTS : Are minimal when used according to recommendation.
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PREPARATIONS :
 Oxytocin LP, Oxytocin VP, Oxytocin IPL, Oxytocin KAK, Oxytocin S
Dose rate Horses : Retained placenta …… 0.01-0.02mg/kg
Dose rate Ruminants : Retained placenta ….. 0.05-0.1mg/kg
Milk let down ……….. 0.025-0.05mg/kg
( Composition 10 IU/ml )