Eating disorders are serious psychiatric conditions characterized by distorted eating behaviors and body perceptions that necessitate clinical intervention. The three main types include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS), each with distinct symptoms and potential health consequences affecting various bodily systems. These disorders not only have severe physical implications but also impact psychological well-being, leading to multiple co-occurring mental health issues.

1. EATING DISORDER
Dr. SURYAMANI
Sports Physiotherapy(Hons.)

2. MEANING:
Eating disorders are potentially life-threatening psychiatric disorders,
typified by severely disturbed eating behaviors and perceptual
/attitudinal distortions that require clinical treatment (APA, 2000).
Individuals with clinical eating disorders engage in pathogenic eating
and weight control behaviors and have distorted body cognitions and
perceptions that interfere with their daily lives and have deleterious
effects on their physical and psychological functioning.
EATING DISORDER

3. TYPES:
Acc to APA, (2000) there are three primary clinical eating
disorders :
•Anorexia Nervosa (AN),
•Bulimia Nervosa (BN), and
•Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS).

4. Anorexia Nervosa
Features:
“The Starvation Disease”
•a refusal to maintain normal body weight for age and
height
•an intense fear of weight gain despite being underweight
•disturbed perceptions of body shape and weight,
•undue influences of weight and shape on self-evaluation
•amenorrhea (in postmenarcheal women).

5. Bulimia Nervosa
Features:
“The binge and purge disease”
• Episodes of binge eating:
(i.e., eating a large amount of food in a discrete period of time and/or feeling out of
control during the eating episode) that are followed by compensatory behaviors,
such as self-induced vomiting, diuretic or laxative use, fasting or dieting, or
excessive exercising
• a self evaluation that is strongly influenced by
body shape and weight.
Two types:
• Purging: use of vomiting or laxatives to control weight.
• Non-purging: use of fasting, excessive exercise, to balance moments of
binging.

6. Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified is diagnosed when some, but not all, of
the criteria for either Anorexia Nervosa or Bulimia Nervosa are met.
For example, a female may meet all of the criteria of AN except for menstrual
dysfunction, or, despite losing a significant amount of weight, she may still be
within the normal weight range. Or a male who is very dissatisfied with the size
and shape of his body may engage in compensatory behaviors, such as
exercising excessively or vomiting, after eating only small amounts of food.

7. • A combination of
anorexia and bulimia
• Involves extreme
dieting and purging of
any food eaten
• Very serious, as with
the other eating
disorders, death may
occur.

8. • Medical
• Psycological
• Behavioural

9. How
Anorexia
Affects
Body

10. Cardiovascular & Musculoskeletal
• Low blood pressure (hypotension)
• Diminished heart muscle size
• Potentially FATAL arrhythmias
•Bradycardia (slow heart beat)
92%- osteopenia
38% -
osteoporosis
•Low bone density (osteopenia)
• Porous bones (osteoporosis)
• Frequent stress fractures
• Muscle Atrophy

11. Reproductive & Nervous System
•Cessation of menstrual periods
(amenorrhea)
•Decreased sexual interest
•Congenital defects in newborns
•Miscarriage- 6 times more likely
•Overall brain atrophy
(shrinkage)
•Increased stress hormone
•Seizures
•Poor concentration
•Impaired memory
Headaches reported in
28% of patients

12. Physical & Metabolic Symptoms
 Fainting/dizzy
spells
 Pneumonia
 Dry skin
 Fatigue
 Difficulty
sleeping
 Lanugo-fine hair
over the body
 Carotinemia—
yellowish palms
or soles of feet
•Hypoglycemia
•Electrolyte
imbalance
•Low red
(anemia) &
white
(leukopenia)
blood count
•Slowed
metabolic rate

13. How
Bulimia
Affects
Body

14. Cardiovascular &
Musculoskeletal
• Muscle weakness
• Erosion of dental enamel (if purging)
• Increased susceptibility to hemorrhaging
• Cardiomyopathy due to Ipecac use
• Hypertension due to diet pills
Diet pills can
result in high
blood
pressure

15. Reproductive & Gastrointestinal
 Miscarriage
2x as likely
 Impaired fertility
 Irregular periods
•Tearing or bleeding
of esophagus
•Constipation
•Colon damage
•Heartburn
•Hernia
•Hemorrhoids
•Abdominal pain

16. Physical & Metabolic
Scars on back of hands
Bloodshot eyes
Stress-induced rashes
Kidney damage or failure
Dehydration
Diabetes (from binges)
Abnormal growth
hormone

17. • Anxiety
• Depression
• Body image disturbance
• Lack of confidence
• Obsessive compulsive symptoms
• Poor self esteem
• Restless
• Social withdrawal
Psycological

18. • Avoidance of eating situations
• Body checking
• Excessive weighing
• Excessive exercise
• Exercise despite injury
• Sleep disturbance
• Substance abuse
• Disappear after meal
• Guilt about eating
Behavioural

19. Famous athlete with eating
disorder
player player disorder gender
1. Nadia comaneci Gymnast Anorexia &
bulimia
Female
2. Mia st. john Boxer Anorexia Female
3. Bahne rabe Rower Anorexia Male
4. Cathy rigby Gymnast Bulimia Female
5. eva-maria Skater Bulimia Female
6.Zina Tennis Bulimia Male
7. helga Gymnast Anorexia Female
8. whitney Cross-country
runner
Anorexia &
bulimia
Female
9. Van almsick Swimmer Anorexia Female
10. Martina eberi Golfer Bulimia Male

20. Famous athlete died with eating
disorder
name player disorder gender
Dagny knutson Swimmer Bulimia Male
Amanda beared Swimmer Bulimia Female
Heidi guenther Gymanst Anorexia Female
Bahne rabe Rower Anorexia Male
Helga brathen Gymnast Anorexia Female

25. DANTE