Eating disorders affect both males and females and include conditions like anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Anorexia involves severe weight loss and a distorted body image, while bulimia involves binge eating followed by purging. Binge eating disorder does not involve purging. Eating disorders can develop due to societal pressures, family environment, trauma, and biological factors. They pose serious health risks like malnutrition, hormone imbalances, and heart problems. Athletes are also at risk due to pressures to maintain a lean physique.

1. Eating Disorders

2. True/False 1. Eating disorders affect both males and females.

3. True/False 1. Eating disorders affect both males and females. 1. True—approximately 5% of females and 1% of males are affected.

4. True/False 2. Ten percent of people diagnosed with anorexia will die from effects of the disease.

5. True/False 2. Ten percent of people diagnosed with anorexia will die from effects of the disease. False—20% of people diagnosed with anorexia will die from the effects of the disease.

6. True/False 3. Individuals who have anorexia nervosa always eat less than they should and so starve themselves in order to lose weight.

7. True/False 3. Individuals who have anorexia nervosa always eat less than they should and so starve themselves in order to lose weight. False--Some anorexics may eat a normal amount of food but may exercise so much that they burn off a majority of the calories they consume.

8. What is an eating disorder? Eating disorders are extreme expressions of a range of weight and food issues experienced by both men and women.

9. What is anorexia? An eating disorder in which people starve themselves Individuals have extreme weight loss (<85% of ideal body weight) People are very skinny but convinced they are overweight and have an intense fear of becoming fat Common weight loss techniques: excessive exercise, intake of laxatives, and not eating Common among athletes

10. What is bulimia? Episodes of binge-eating followed by inappropriate methods of weight control (purging), often in secret Sense of lack of control over quantity eaten Acting to get rid of large amount of calories Purging includes vomiting, fasting, enemas (causing increased defecation), excessive use of laxatives (causing increased defecation) and diuretics (causing increased urination), or compulsive exercise Sometimes bulimics eat up to 4,000 calories at a time, compared to the normal 2,000-2,500 calories a day Most bulimics are of normal weight or overweight

11. What is binge eating disorder? Similar to bulimia except the person does not engage in purging

12. What are some reasons why people may develop an eating disorder? Any thoughts…?

13. Many factors involved: Influences from society and culture Pressure due to sports, dance, etc. Family environment Those with disorders often come from families preoccupied with image, dieting Over 25% of those with anorexia have a relative with an eating disorder Severe trauma or stress Biological factors: Inheriting tendency to be more likely to overreact to stress Serotonin in brain altered by disease and may contribute to persistence of disorder

14. Athletes and Eating Disorders Athletes tend to be highly competitive, high-achieving, and self-disciplined, which can lead to the development of an eating disorder when these qualities are taken to the extreme Athletes in sports emphasizing appearance and a lean body are at higher risk than those in sports requiring muscle mass and bulk Female athletes at a higher risk due to social pressures and naturally higher percentages of body fat than men Transition from wanting to lose weight and get fit to a loss of control: binging, purging, starvation, frantic compulsive exercise

15. Athletes and Eating Disorders Risks of injury are greater among athletes who have an eating disorder—for example, stress fractures “ Female athlete triad” Disordered eating Amenorrhea—stopping of menstrual periods Osteopenia—mild bone loss that can lead to osteoporosis

16. Wrestlers Cycles of binging and purging to achieve target weight dangerous Three wrestlers died in the latter part of 1997 from rapid weight loss, which is mostly water weight Two wore rubber suits while working out in hot rooms Severe dehydration can cause death from kidney failure, heart malfunction and brain damage

17. How does Anorexia affect the body? Starvation Malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies Nails and hair become brittle, and skin may become dry and yellow Body breaks down muscles to provide energy Individuals may have constipation or edema, which is bloating due to water retention in tissues Severe dehydration can lead to kidney failure

18. How does Anorexia affect the body? Brain and nervous tissue Vitamin deficiencies cause cognitive problems like poor judgment or memory loss and other psychiatric conditions Seizures Damage to nerves, causing loss of feeling Changes in chemical signals which impact appetite, mood and reward systems

19. How does Anorexia affect the body? Hormonal changes Brain senses the decrease in weight and sends signals to ovaries to decrease amount of estrogen made Absence of regular menstrual cycles due to less estrogen Decrease in estrogen causes decrease in bone density Both males and females with anorexia have loss of bone density Growth hormone levels altered, decreasing bone mass Body under stress and so cortisol levels are high, causing bone loss May develop lanugo (a term used to describe the fine hair on a new born) on the body due to hormonal changes

20. How does Anorexia affect the body? Heart Low heart rate Alterations in body’s concentrations of electrolytes like sodium and potassium and stress on heart can cause dangerous fast irregular heart beat patterns Atrophy of heart muscle

21. How does Bulimia affect the body? Callused or bruised fingers From using the fingers to vomit Salivary gland enlargement may have puffy face Dental problems erosion enamel, gum recession, teeth loss Damage to the esophagus from acid due to purging internal bleeding which may lead to death Upset of the body's fluid/mineral balance, possibly causing rapid or irregular heartbeats or even a heart attack