1) Eating disorders are serious mental disorders that cause severe disturbances to eating behaviors and detrimental effects on physical and mental health. 2) The main types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. 3) Eating disorders have complex causes involving biological, psychological, and environmental factors like genetics, negative body image, and cultural pressures.

1. SAKSHI SINGLA
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2. INTRODUCTION
Eating disorders are actually serious mental disorder that cause severe disturbances to a
person’s eating behaviors (abnormal eating) that has a detrimental effect on person’s
PHYSICAL and MENTAL HEALTH.
Obsessions with food, body weight, and shape may also signal an eating disorder.
The cause of eating disorders is not clear. Both biological and environmental factors appear to
play a role. Cultural idealization of thinness is believed to contribute

3. TYPES OF EATING DISORDERS
RECOGANISED BY
MEDICAL MANUAL
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
BULIMIA NERVOSA
BINGE/EMOTIONAL
EATING DISORDER
NOT RECOGANIZED
BY MEDICAL MANUAL
COMPULSIVE
OVEREATING
DIABULIMIA
ORTHOREXIA
DRUNKOREXIA
PREGOREXIA
GOURMAND SYNDROME
OTHER PREVELANT
DISORDERS
FOOD CRAVING
PICA

5. ANOREXIA
NERVOSA
It is potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low body
weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of weight or shape. People
with anorexia use extreme efforts to control their weight and shape, which often significantly
interferes with their health and life activities.
When you have anorexia, you excessively limit calories or use other methods to lose weight,
such as excessive exercise, using laxatives or diet aids, or vomiting after eating. Efforts to
reduce your weight, even when underweight, can cause severe health problems, sometimes
to the point of deadly self-starvation.

6. Life-threatening eating disorder.
There are episodes of bingeing and
purging that involve feeling a lack of
control over your eating. Many people
with bulimia also restrict their eating
during the day, which often leads to
more binge eating and purging.
BULIMIA
NERVOSA

7. BULIMIA NERVOSA
Typically eat a large amount of food in a short time.
Try to rid yourself of the extra calories in an unhealthy way.
Guilt, shame and an intense fear of weight gain from overeating you
may:
 Force vomiting (PURGING BULIMIA),
 Exercise too much
 Use other methods, such as laxatives, to get rid of the calories
(NO PURGING BULIMIA).
If you have bulimia, you're probably preoccupied with your weight and
body shape, and may judge yourself severely and harshly for your self-
perceived flaws. You may be normal in weight or overweight.

8. BINGE or EMOTINAL EATING
Individuals who suffer from Binge Eating Disorder will frequently lose control over his
or her eating.
Different from bulimia nervosa however, episodes of binge-eating are not followed by
compensatory behaviors, such as purging, fasting, or excessive exercise. Because of
this, many people suffering from BED may be obese and at an increased risk of
developing other conditions, such as cardiovascular disease. Men and women who
struggle with this disorder may also experience intense feelings of guilt, distress, and
embarrassment related to their binge eating, which could influence the further
progression of the eating disorder.

14. EATING
DISORDER
BIOLOGICAL
FACTORS
Irregular hormone
function
Genetics
Nutritional
deficiencies
PSYCHOLOGICAL
FACTORS
Negative body image
Poor self esteem
Perfectionism
Impulsive behavior
ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS
Professions and
careers
Family and childhood
trauma
Cultural or peer
pressure
Stressful transitions in
life changes

15. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
EATING DISORDER
A man or woman suffering from an eating disorder may reveal several signs and symptoms,
some which are:
Chronic dieting despite being hazardously underweight
Constant weight fluctuations
Obsession with calories and fat contents of food
Engaging in ritualistic eating patterns, such as cutting food into tiny pieces, eating alone, and/or
hiding food
Continued fixation with food, recipes, or cooking; the individual may cook intricate meals for
others but refrain from partaking
Depression or lethargic stage
Avoidance of social functions, family, and friends. May become isolated and withdrawn
Switching between periods of overeating and fasting

16. Cover up
False bliss
The
hangover
Trigger or
emotional
response
THE CYCLE
OF
EMOTIONAL
EATING

17. BIOCHEMICAL ASPECT
Eating behavior is a complex process
controlled by the neuroendocrine
system, of which the Hypothalamus-
pituitary-adrenal-axis (HPA axis) is a
major component. Deregulation of the
certain activities of HPA axis has been
associated with eating disorders, such
as:
Irregularities in the manufacture
Amount or transmission of
certain neurotransmitters
Hormones or neuropeptides and amino
acids such as homocysteine, elevated
levels of which are found in AN and BN
as well as depression.

18. HORMONAL
RELATION
Serotonin : A neurotransmitter involved in
depression also has an inhibitory effect on eating
behavior.
Nor epinephrine is both a neurotransmitter and
a hormone ; abnormalities in either capacity may
affect eating behavior.
Dopamine : which in addition to being a precursor
of nor epinephrine and epinephrine is also a
neurotransmitter which regulates the rewarding
property of food.

19. Leptin is a hormone produced primarily by the fat
cells in the body; it has an inhibitory effect on
appetite by inducing a feeling of satiety.
Ghrelin is an appetite inducing hormone
produced in the stomach and the upper portion of
the small intestine.
Circulating levels of both hormones are an
important factor in weight control. While often
associated with obesity, both hormones and their
respective effects have been implicated in the
path physiology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia
nervosa. Leptin can also be used to distinguish
between constitutional thinness found in a healthy
person with a low BMI and an individual with
anorexia nervosa.

20. EFFECTS ON THE BODY

22. WARNING
SIGNS
•Withdrawal from usual friends and activities
•Depression, sadness, hopelessness. In
serious cases it may even lead to suicide.
•Feeling alienated and alone.
•Obsessive compulsive disorder: obsessed
with food, continuously thinking about food,
calories, eating and weight.
•Fear of gaining weight.
•Starving or restricting food consumption.
•Drastic weight fluctuations.

24. PREVENTION
If you notice a family member or friend with low
self-esteem
•Severe dieting
•Frequent overeating
•Dissatisfaction with appearance
Consider talking to him or her about these issues.
Although you may not be able to prevent an eating
disorder from developing.

25. Reaching out with compassion may
encourage
the person to seek treatment.

27. TREATMENT
The American Psychiatric Association (APA) recommends
a team approach to treatment of eating disorders. The
members of the team are usually a psychiatrist, therapist,
and registered dietitian, but other clinicians may be
included.
Adequate nutrition, reducing excessive exercise, and
stopping purging behaviors are the foundations of
treatment. Treatment plans are tailored to individual needs
and may include one or more of the following:
Individual, group, and/or family psychotherapy
Medical care and monitoring
Nutritional counseling
Medications
Psychotherapies

28. PSYCHOTHERAPIES
FAMILY-BASED THERAPY (FBT) called the Maudsley
approach, where parents of adolescents with anorexia
nervosa assume responsibility for feeding their child,
appear to be very effective in helping people gain weight
and improve eating habits and moods.
To reduce or eliminate binge-eating and purging behaviors,
people may undergo COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL
THERAPY (CBT), which is another type of psychotherapy
that helps a person learn how to identify distorted or
unhelpful thinking patterns and recognize and change
inaccurate beliefs.
MEDICATIONS
Evidence also suggests that antidepressants,
antipsychotics, or mood stabilizers approved by the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may also be helpful for
treating eating disorders and other co-occurring illnesses
such as anxiety or depression.

29. WEIGHT NORMALIZATION AND
NUTRITION EDUCATION
If you're underweight due to an eating disorder, the first
goal of treatment will be to start getting you back to a
healthy weight. No matter what your weight, dietitians and
other health care providers can give you information on a
healthy diet and help design an eating plan to help you
achieve a healthy weight and learn normal-eating habits.
HOSPITALIZATION
If you have serious health problems, such as anorexia that
has resulted in severe malnutrition, your doctor may
recommend hospitalization on a medical or psychiatric
ward. Some clinics specialize in treating people with eating
disorders. Some may offer day programs, rather than full
hospitalization. Specialized eating disorder programs may
offer more intensive treatment over longer periods of time.