The Golgi apparatus is a cytoplasmic organelle found in eukaryotic cells that modifies, sorts, and packages materials received from the endoplasmic reticulum. It consists of a stack of flattened sacs called cisternae and peripheral tubules and vesicles. Materials received from the ER are modified and sorted in the cisternae before being packaged into vesicles that are released and transported within the cell. The Golgi apparatus plays important roles in synthesizing carbohydrates and lipids, and in forming glycoproteins and lipoproteins through glycosylation and liposylation.

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Ned
What is Golgi Apparatus , Location , Structure and its
function ?
easylearningwithned.blogspot.com/2022/11/what-is-golgi-apparatus-location.html
Golgi apparatus is a cytoplasmic organelle which consists a central stack of flat,
parallel , membranous Cistenae and peripheral tubules and vesicles . It is also known as
Golgi complex and Golgi bodies . It discovered by an Italian histologist Camillo Golgi in
1898 . The Golgi apparatus present in eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells . It
occupies different positions in different kinds of cells .
Location - Golgi apparatus located within the plasma membrane (cell membrane) and
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) . One face of Golgi apparatus near to the endoplasmic
reticulum and other face is near to the plasma membrane . Material come from the ER
then modified , sort and packed by Golgi apparatus and finally release to the body by
plasma membrane .

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This is the General process of Golgi Apparatus
Structure :- Golgi apparatus is varies in size and form in different cell types. But in one
kind of cells it is similar. It appear like a coarse network under a light microscope. But
Electron microscope shows , a central stack (pile) of parallel , Flattened ,
intercommunicating sacs or Cisternae and many peripheral tubules and vesicles . It is the
system of membrane like the Endoplasmic reticulum.
1) Cisternae
2) Tubules
3) vesicles
-> Cisternae : In animal cells Cisternae vary in number from 3 to 7 and in plant cells
Cisternae vary in number from 10 to 20. They are usually equally spaced in the pile and
separated from each other by thin layers of inter-cisternal cytoplasm. The Cisternae may
be flat but are often curved. Their are two face in Golgi apparatus, the one is cis face and
other is trans face. The cis face is present near to the Endoplasmic reticulum ( ER). The
trans face is present where the Golgi complex arise secretory vesicles.
->Tubules - are arise from the periphery of the Cisternae. Tubules are short but some of
these are enlarge at their ends to form vesicles.
->Vesicles - The vesicles are lies near the ends and concave surface of the Golgi
apparatus. They are pinched off from the tubules of the Cisternae. Vesicles are two
types. One is smooth vesicles and other is coated vesicles.
i) Smooth vesicles have smooth surface and contain secretion of the cell. So that it is
also known as secretory vesicles.

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ii) Coated vesicles have rough surface and elaborate membrane protein. They carry
materials to or from the Cisternae.
Golgi Apparatus is fully filled with a material known as Golgi Matrix .
Structure of Golgi Apparatus
Functions -
1) Packaging of material - Golgi Apparatus modifies, sorts and packages the material
coming from Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) or synthesized in the Golgi itself.
2) Synthesis of Carbohydrates - Some simple carbohydrates are synthesized in Golgi
apparatus such as Galactose.
3) Formation of Glycoproteins - By the process of glycosylation, Golgi apparatus links
carbohydrates with protein coming from Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) to form
glycoprotein.
4) Formation of Lipoproteins - Lipids and proteins coming from Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER) and make complexed into lipoprotein in Golgi apparatus by the process of
Liposylation.
5) Formation of Yolk - Yolk is produced by Golgi apparatus in the eggs.
6) Location of enzymes - In Golgi apparatus variety of enzymes are localized. These
enzymes help in the cells biochemical reactions.
7) Storage of Secretion - Some cell secretions store in the Golgi apparatus such as
proteins and lipids.

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For Basic Knowledge about Endoplasmic reticulum and Plasma membrane go
through these links :-
https://easylearningwithned.blogspot.com/2022/11/what-is-endoplasmic-reticulum-er.html
https://easylearningwithned.blogspot.com/2022/11/what-is-cell-membrane.html
Reference book- Pradeep's Biology Text Book .
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