The document discusses the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which consists of interconnected membranous structures found in eukaryotic cells. There are two types: smooth ER, which lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid and steroid synthesis; and rough ER, which contains ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis. Common functions of the ER include transporting materials within the cell, providing surface area for synthesis of various materials, and temporarily storing synthetic products like glycogen.

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Ned
What is Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) ?
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum consists of interconnected membranous cisternae ,
tubules and isolated vesicles . It present in almost all eukaryotic cells but it does not
present in prokaryotic cells . The endoplasmic reticulum helps in the exchange of
materials between the cytoplasm and the nucleus . Their are the two types of
endoplasmic reticulum :-
1) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
2) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
-> Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER):- It consist tubules and vesicles . Smooth
ER is free of ribosomes . It is present near to the cell membrane . SER takes part in the
synthesis of lipids, glycogen and steroids .
-> Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) :- It mainly consist of cisternae . In RER , it
bears ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface . It is present deep in the cytoplasm . RER
takes part in the synthesis of proteins.
Common Functions of Endoplasmic Reticulum :-
1) The Endoplasmic reticulum helps to transport the material from one part of cell to
another part of cell .
2) The Endoplasmic Reticulum offers extensive surface for synthesis of a variety of
materials.
3) It provide the space for temporary storage of synthetic products such as glycogen .
Reference book- Pradeep's Biology Text Book .

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