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Earth’s Layers
Crust
 Outer  most layer
 Thinnest
 5 to 100 kilometer (km) thick
 Temperatures range from 0°
  C to 1000°C
Crust
 Composition:           mostly
 silicon, oxygen, sodium, small
 amounts of magnesium,
 potassium, and iron.
Crust
       “Two Types”
Continental   Crust
 Thickestup to 100 km at
  mountains
 Most abundant rock is
  granite
 Oceanic   Crust
 Asthin as 5 km
 Most abundant rock is basalt

 Density averages 3g per cm³
Crust/Mantle
Mohorovicic

 Discontinuity (Moho):
 Transitionboundary
  between the crust and
  mantle
Crust/Mantle
Mohorovicic

 Discontinuity (Moho):
 This boundary marks a
  significant change in
  chemical composition.
Mantle
 67%  of Earth’s mass
 2,900 km thick

 Temperature ranges from

  1000° C to 3700 ° C
Mantle
Density   averages from
 4.3g to 5.4g per cm³
Composition: mostly
 silicon, oxygen,
 magnesium, and iron
Mantle
 Convection   currents occur
 here
Mantle
Divided   into 3 layers:
 1.   Lithosphere
 2.   Asthenosphere
 3.   Mesophere
Mantle
 Lithosphere:

 10 to 300 km thick
 Solid and made up of crust

  and mantle material
 VERY rigid

 Divided into sections called

  plates
Mantle
Asthenosphere

 250  km thick
 Soft layer that allows

  plates to shift
Mantle
Mesosphere

 2550km thick
 Lower part of the mantle
Core
Divided  into 2 layers:
 1.   Outer Core
 2.   Inner Core
Core
Outer   Core
 Liquid

 2200   km thick
Core
Outer   Core:
 Composition:  Iron and
  Nickel, 10% sulfur and
  oxygen
Core
Outer   Core:
 Density:   10g to 12g per
  cm³
 Temperature: 4000° to
  5000° C
Core
Inner   Core:
 Solid

 1230  km thick
 About 6380 km beneath
  Earth’s surface
Core
 Inner   Core:
 Composition:    Iron and
  Nickel
 Density: 15 g per cm³
 Temperature: 5000° to
  6000° C
Earth’s Layers
 Scientistsuse indirect
 methods to gain information
 and knowledge of Earth’s
 interior (example:
 earthquakes).
Earth’s Layers
 Seismic  waves from
 earthquakes travel at
 different speeds depending
 on the density and
 composition of the ground
 they move through.
Earth’s Layers
Scientists  are able to
 take this information and
 learn about the interior of
 Earth.

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Earth’s layers