Interior of the earth
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•76 views
The document discusses the layers of the Earth's interior. It describes the crust, mantle, and core. The crust consists of two types - thin oceanic crust made of basalt and thicker continental crust made of granite. The mantle lies below the crust and makes up 84% of the Earth's volume. It is divided into the rigid lithosphere above and plastic asthenosphere below. The core is divided into a solid inner core and liquid outer core made of iron and nickel.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Earths Interior Andie
The document describes the different layers that make up the interior of the Earth. It is divided into four main layers from outermost to innermost: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the thinnest layer and is made up of either oceanic or continental crust. Below the crust is the mantle, which is the largest layer and makes up most of the Earth's volume. At the center are the outer core, made of liquid iron and nickel, and the solid inner core, also made of iron and nickel.
Shells of earth By Abdul Qahar
The document summarizes the structure and composition of the Earth's main layers. It is composed of three main layers from outer to inner: the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the outermost solid rock layer that varies between 5-70km thick and is made of either continental or oceanic crust. Below is the mantle that extends 2,890km deep and slowly circulates material. At the center is the core, divided into a solid inner core and liquid outer core, with temperatures over 6,000°C.
Interior of the earth - jayanthi
The document summarizes the structure and composition of the Earth. It describes four main layers from the outermost crust inward: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust and upper mantle are divided into separate continental and oceanic sections based on differences in density and composition. The mantle and core are further divided into inner and outer sections. Tectonic plate movements within the upper mantle cause earthquakes and volcanic activity at plate boundaries on the Earth's surface.
Chap 2 earth's interior
The document summarizes the layers that make up Earth's interior. It discusses that Earth has a crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is divided into continental and oceanic crust, and the Mohorovicic discontinuity separates the crust from the mantle. The mantle is divided into an upper and lower mantle by the Gutenberg discontinuity. The outer core is liquid while the inner core is solid. Earth's magnetic field is generated by convection currents in the liquid outer core.
Layers of the earth presentation 4
The document describes the four major layers of the Earth:
1) The crust is the top thin solid rock layer where life exists, ranging from 0-870 degrees C in temperature.
2) The thick mantle is the largest layer made of hot dense rock that flows slowly like asphalt.
3) The outer core is a fluid metallic layer that generates Earth's magnetic field and has temperatures over 7,200 degrees F.
4) The inner core is a solid ball of metal deep in Earth's center, kept solid under immense pressure with temperatures over 9,000 degrees F.
Earth's internal structure
The Earth's interior is divided into layers based on their physical properties and dominant state. The inner core is solid iron and nickel, while the outer core is liquid. Below that is the lower mantle, which is solid but under extremely high pressure and temperature. Above is the upper mantle and crust, made of solid but less dense rock. The document describes how temperature, pressure, and chemical composition vary with depth and influence whether each layer is solid or liquid.
Structure of earth by pratimesh pathak
Pratimesh Umesh Pathak presented a document on the internal structure of Earth. The document was divided into sections on the crust, mantle, and core. It described the crust as having two layers, the upper sial and lower sima. It noted the mantle is below the crust and made of ultra-basic rock. It described the core as having an outer liquid layer, middle semi-liquid layer, and inner solid nickel-iron layer. The document aimed to provide details on Earth's internal structure using seismic wave evidence.
Interior of earth
The document summarizes the structure of Earth's interior. It is divided into three main layers:
1. The crust, which is the outermost layer averaging 60km thick. It has a higher density and different chemical composition than the layers below.
2. The mantle, which extends from the crust to a depth of 2900km. It has a lower density than the crust but higher than the core. Seismic waves slow down in the upper mantle.
3. The core, the deepest layer extending from 2900km to Earth's center. It has an even higher density and the outer core is liquid, as shown by the absence of S waves.
Recommended
Earths Interior Andie
The document describes the different layers that make up the interior of the Earth. It is divided into four main layers from outermost to innermost: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the thinnest layer and is made up of either oceanic or continental crust. Below the crust is the mantle, which is the largest layer and makes up most of the Earth's volume. At the center are the outer core, made of liquid iron and nickel, and the solid inner core, also made of iron and nickel.
Shells of earth By Abdul Qahar
The document summarizes the structure and composition of the Earth's main layers. It is composed of three main layers from outer to inner: the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the outermost solid rock layer that varies between 5-70km thick and is made of either continental or oceanic crust. Below is the mantle that extends 2,890km deep and slowly circulates material. At the center is the core, divided into a solid inner core and liquid outer core, with temperatures over 6,000°C.
Interior of the earth - jayanthi
The document summarizes the structure and composition of the Earth. It describes four main layers from the outermost crust inward: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust and upper mantle are divided into separate continental and oceanic sections based on differences in density and composition. The mantle and core are further divided into inner and outer sections. Tectonic plate movements within the upper mantle cause earthquakes and volcanic activity at plate boundaries on the Earth's surface.
Chap 2 earth's interior
The document summarizes the layers that make up Earth's interior. It discusses that Earth has a crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is divided into continental and oceanic crust, and the Mohorovicic discontinuity separates the crust from the mantle. The mantle is divided into an upper and lower mantle by the Gutenberg discontinuity. The outer core is liquid while the inner core is solid. Earth's magnetic field is generated by convection currents in the liquid outer core.
Layers of the earth presentation 4
The document describes the four major layers of the Earth:
1) The crust is the top thin solid rock layer where life exists, ranging from 0-870 degrees C in temperature.
2) The thick mantle is the largest layer made of hot dense rock that flows slowly like asphalt.
3) The outer core is a fluid metallic layer that generates Earth's magnetic field and has temperatures over 7,200 degrees F.
4) The inner core is a solid ball of metal deep in Earth's center, kept solid under immense pressure with temperatures over 9,000 degrees F.
Earth's internal structure
The Earth's interior is divided into layers based on their physical properties and dominant state. The inner core is solid iron and nickel, while the outer core is liquid. Below that is the lower mantle, which is solid but under extremely high pressure and temperature. Above is the upper mantle and crust, made of solid but less dense rock. The document describes how temperature, pressure, and chemical composition vary with depth and influence whether each layer is solid or liquid.
Structure of earth by pratimesh pathak
Pratimesh Umesh Pathak presented a document on the internal structure of Earth. The document was divided into sections on the crust, mantle, and core. It described the crust as having two layers, the upper sial and lower sima. It noted the mantle is below the crust and made of ultra-basic rock. It described the core as having an outer liquid layer, middle semi-liquid layer, and inner solid nickel-iron layer. The document aimed to provide details on Earth's internal structure using seismic wave evidence.
Interior of earth
The document summarizes the structure of Earth's interior. It is divided into three main layers:
1. The crust, which is the outermost layer averaging 60km thick. It has a higher density and different chemical composition than the layers below.
2. The mantle, which extends from the crust to a depth of 2900km. It has a lower density than the crust but higher than the core. Seismic waves slow down in the upper mantle.
3. The core, the deepest layer extending from 2900km to Earth's center. It has an even higher density and the outer core is liquid, as shown by the absence of S waves.
Earth's subsystems Geosphere
Plate tectonics shapes the Earth's surface through the movement of tectonic plates driven by mantle convection in Earth's interior. The geosphere consists of a thin crust overlaying a thick mantle made up of solid rock that makes up 84% of Earth's volume and lies between the core and crust. The mantle and core are separated by discontinuities discovered by scientists like Mohorovicic and Lehmann.
Interior structure of earth
The document describes the structure and composition of Earth. It discusses Earth's diameter, density, volume, and mass. It then summarizes the structure and composition of the atmosphere, including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. Next, it outlines the interior structure of Earth including the crust, mantle, and core. It notes the varying thickness and composition of the crust. It also describes the properties and materials that make up the mantle and core. Finally, it briefly discusses the hydrosphere and biosphere, noting their compositions and relationships to other Earth systems.
STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF EARTH
The document summarizes the three main layers that make up the structure of the Earth:
1. The crust is the outermost layer and is divided into continental and oceanic crust. The continental crust is thicker while the oceanic crust is thinner.
2. The mantle is the largest layer and is divided into upper and lower mantle. It is composed mainly of iron and magnesium and contains most of the Earth's internal heat.
3. The core is divided into a solid inner core and liquid outer core. The outer core is responsible for the Earth's magnetic field and rotation, while the inner core is made mostly of solid iron.
Layers of earth
The document summarizes the main layers and divisions of the Earth based on their chemical composition and physical properties. It is divided into three main layers:
1. The crust, which is the outermost solid layer and varies in thickness between continental and oceanic crust.
2. The mantle, which makes up over 80% of the Earth's volume and can be divided into the upper, lower, and D'' transition zones based on seismic properties.
3. The core, which is divided into a solid inner core and liquid outer core, and makes up about 30% of the Earth's mass.
THE PARTS OF THE EARTH
The Earth is composed of three main layers - a thin, rocky crust on the outermost layer, a solid middle layer called the mantle, and an inner core. The mantle extends over 2,890 km deep and is composed of hot, solid silicate rocks that can slowly flow over long time periods. Within the core, there is a liquid outer core made of iron and nickel below the mantle, and a solid inner core made of iron and nickel alloy at the center of the Earth.
Interior of earth
The document discusses the layered internal structure of the Earth based on differences in composition, density, seismic wave velocities, and mechanical properties. It is divided into five main layers from outermost to innermost: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust and upper mantle are solid and composed of silicate rocks, while the lower mantle, outer core, and inner core are increasingly dense with the inner core being solid iron-nickel alloy. Seismic discontinuities exist that help delineate the boundaries between layers.
Layers of the Earth
The document describes the four main layers that make up the Earth - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the outermost layer, upon which we live, and is broken into tectonic plates. Below the crust is the mantle, which is divided into the upper and lower mantle. The lower mantle is very thick and contains molten rock that moves in convection currents. Deepest inside the Earth is the core, with a liquid outer core that generates the Earth's magnetic field and a solid inner core under intense heat and pressure.
Earths Structure
The document discusses the structure of the Earth by comparing it to an apple. It explains that both have a thin outer crust/skin, a thick inner core, and layers in between. The Earth has an inner solid core and outer liquid core of iron and nickel. Between the core and crust is the mantle, made of solid but hot rock. The crust floats on the mantle and is divided into thinner oceanic crust and thicker continental crust made of different materials.
The layers of the earth
All you have to know about the layers of the earth. Write down the names of the layers and their order. Also you have to know what they are made of, Which one is the hottest, which on is the thickest, and why the core is solid.
Layers of the earth (custodio)
The document describes the four main layers of Earth - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the thinnest solid outer layer averaging 25 miles thick and composed mostly of oxygen, silicon, aluminum and iron. Below is the mantle, a dense hot semi-solid layer 1,802 miles thick composed of silicate minerals. The outer core is a liquid layer of iron and nickel between 4,000-5,000 degrees Celsius and 1,430 miles thick, generating Earth's magnetic field. Within is the inner core, the planet's hottest center at 5,000-7,000 degrees Celsius and solid iron 750 miles thick under immense pressure.
The composition and structure of earth
The document summarizes the composition and structure of the Earth. It is divided into four main layers: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the outermost solid rock layer that is broken into tectonic plates. Below the crust is the mantle, which is the largest layer made of silicate rock. At the center is the inner core made of solid iron, surrounded by the outer core of liquid iron and nickel that generates the Earth's magnetic field.
Earth Structure
The document discusses the structure and layers of the Earth. It is composed of four main layers from outermost to innermost:
1) The crust, which is the thin solid outer layer people live on made of rocks and minerals. It is divided into thicker continental crust and thinner oceanic crust.
2) The hot, dense mantle that behaves like a solid but can flow very slowly over geologic timescales. Its convection currents influence plate tectonics at the surface.
3) The liquid outer core that is composed of melted nickel and iron due to extreme heat and pressure.
4) The inner solid core formed from compressed metals vibrating in place like a solid.
Earth's Structure
The earth is made up of different layers. These layers are of different thicknesses and temperatures.
Duncan_Notes_Dynamic_Earth
The Earth is not a perfect sphere, but is slightly flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator. It has multiple interior layers, including a crust, mantle, and core. The crust and upper mantle make up the lithosphere, which overlies the asthenosphere and mesosphere in the mantle. The core is divided into a solid inner core surrounded by a liquid outer core. Seismic waves have revealed details of the Earth's internal structure.
Structure of Earth and its Composition
The presentation aiding the lecture Structure of Earth and its Composition for the course CE 8392 Engineering Geology handled by Prof. Rathnavel Pon for Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore
Geo Proj
The document provides information on the formation and anatomy of the Earth. It begins with a summary of the Big Bang theory and steady state theory of the origin of the universe. It then discusses the formation of the early Earth through accretion and differentiation of layers. It provides details on the structure of the Earth, including the lithosphere, mantle, outer core, and inner core. It also discusses plate tectonics, including plate boundaries, faulting, folding, volcanoes, and earthquakes. Additional topics covered include the water cycle, denudation processes, and natural landscapes.
The interior of the earth
The document discusses the layers of the interior of the Earth. It is divided into four main layers from outermost to innermost:
1. The crust, the topmost solid rocky layer that varies in thickness from 0-40 km.
2. The mantle, the thick solid layer below the crust extending to 2,900 km depth. The upper mantle is solid while the lower mantle is semi-molten.
3. The outer core, between 2,900-5,150 km, which is liquid.
4. The inner core, the innermost solid layer from 5,150-6,731 km depth with extremely high temperatures and pressures.
interior of earth
The document discusses the interior structure of the Earth based on evidence from seismic waves, density measurements, and samples from meteorites and volcanic rocks. It describes the layers from outer to inner core:
- The crust makes up 0.5% of the Earth's mass and is divided into the continental and oceanic crust.
- The mantle lies below the crust, taking up over 80% of the Earth's mass. It is divided into the upper, lower, and outer mantle based on changes in seismic wave velocities.
- The outer core is liquid and responsible for the Earth's magnetic field through convection of molten iron.
- The solid inner core is the innermost part of the planet,
Composition of the continental crust
The Earth is an unusual planet by having bimodal topography that reflects the two distinct types of crust.
Crust is outer part of the Earth and compositionally is consist tow types, continental and oceanic crust.
The oceanic crust is thin (~ 7 km ), and composed from denser rocks such as basalt , younger.
Whereas the continental crust is thick (~ 40 Km), and composed of highly diverse lithologies, and contains the oldest rocks.
Earth interior
The document summarizes the four main layers of the Earth - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. It describes each layer in 1-3 sentences. The crust is the top solid rocky layer that is thinnest under oceans. Below is the mantle, made of hot dense rock that flows slowly via convection currents. These currents also move the crustal plates. Deepest is the core, with the outer core a liquid layer of iron and nickel, and the inner solid ball an extremely hot and dense metallic solid.
Inside the earth
The Earth has three main layers - crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the outermost layer and is divided into tectonic plates that slowly drift atop the mantle. Beneath the crust is the mantle, which is made of hot, dense rock and drives plate tectonics through convection currents. At the very center of the Earth is the extremely hot core, with a solid inner core surrounded by a liquid outer core.
Module-1-LITHOSPHERE1 (GRADE 10 SCIENCE FIRST QUARTER MODULE )1upload.pptx
The document discusses the layers of the Earth's lithosphere. It describes the lithosphere as the cool, rigid outer layer of the Earth made up of crust and upper mantle. The lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that float on the asthenosphere. There are two types of plates - continental plates composed of less dense rocks found under land, and oceanic plates made of denser rocks under oceans. The boundaries between plates experience geological events like earthquakes and volcanoes.
More Related Content
What's hot
Earth's subsystems Geosphere
Plate tectonics shapes the Earth's surface through the movement of tectonic plates driven by mantle convection in Earth's interior. The geosphere consists of a thin crust overlaying a thick mantle made up of solid rock that makes up 84% of Earth's volume and lies between the core and crust. The mantle and core are separated by discontinuities discovered by scientists like Mohorovicic and Lehmann.
Interior structure of earth
The document describes the structure and composition of Earth. It discusses Earth's diameter, density, volume, and mass. It then summarizes the structure and composition of the atmosphere, including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. Next, it outlines the interior structure of Earth including the crust, mantle, and core. It notes the varying thickness and composition of the crust. It also describes the properties and materials that make up the mantle and core. Finally, it briefly discusses the hydrosphere and biosphere, noting their compositions and relationships to other Earth systems.
STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF EARTH
The document summarizes the three main layers that make up the structure of the Earth:
1. The crust is the outermost layer and is divided into continental and oceanic crust. The continental crust is thicker while the oceanic crust is thinner.
2. The mantle is the largest layer and is divided into upper and lower mantle. It is composed mainly of iron and magnesium and contains most of the Earth's internal heat.
3. The core is divided into a solid inner core and liquid outer core. The outer core is responsible for the Earth's magnetic field and rotation, while the inner core is made mostly of solid iron.
Layers of earth
The document summarizes the main layers and divisions of the Earth based on their chemical composition and physical properties. It is divided into three main layers:
1. The crust, which is the outermost solid layer and varies in thickness between continental and oceanic crust.
2. The mantle, which makes up over 80% of the Earth's volume and can be divided into the upper, lower, and D'' transition zones based on seismic properties.
3. The core, which is divided into a solid inner core and liquid outer core, and makes up about 30% of the Earth's mass.
THE PARTS OF THE EARTH
The Earth is composed of three main layers - a thin, rocky crust on the outermost layer, a solid middle layer called the mantle, and an inner core. The mantle extends over 2,890 km deep and is composed of hot, solid silicate rocks that can slowly flow over long time periods. Within the core, there is a liquid outer core made of iron and nickel below the mantle, and a solid inner core made of iron and nickel alloy at the center of the Earth.
Interior of earth
The document discusses the layered internal structure of the Earth based on differences in composition, density, seismic wave velocities, and mechanical properties. It is divided into five main layers from outermost to innermost: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust and upper mantle are solid and composed of silicate rocks, while the lower mantle, outer core, and inner core are increasingly dense with the inner core being solid iron-nickel alloy. Seismic discontinuities exist that help delineate the boundaries between layers.
Layers of the Earth
The document describes the four main layers that make up the Earth - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the outermost layer, upon which we live, and is broken into tectonic plates. Below the crust is the mantle, which is divided into the upper and lower mantle. The lower mantle is very thick and contains molten rock that moves in convection currents. Deepest inside the Earth is the core, with a liquid outer core that generates the Earth's magnetic field and a solid inner core under intense heat and pressure.
Earths Structure
The document discusses the structure of the Earth by comparing it to an apple. It explains that both have a thin outer crust/skin, a thick inner core, and layers in between. The Earth has an inner solid core and outer liquid core of iron and nickel. Between the core and crust is the mantle, made of solid but hot rock. The crust floats on the mantle and is divided into thinner oceanic crust and thicker continental crust made of different materials.
The layers of the earth
All you have to know about the layers of the earth. Write down the names of the layers and their order. Also you have to know what they are made of, Which one is the hottest, which on is the thickest, and why the core is solid.
Layers of the earth (custodio)
The document describes the four main layers of Earth - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the thinnest solid outer layer averaging 25 miles thick and composed mostly of oxygen, silicon, aluminum and iron. Below is the mantle, a dense hot semi-solid layer 1,802 miles thick composed of silicate minerals. The outer core is a liquid layer of iron and nickel between 4,000-5,000 degrees Celsius and 1,430 miles thick, generating Earth's magnetic field. Within is the inner core, the planet's hottest center at 5,000-7,000 degrees Celsius and solid iron 750 miles thick under immense pressure.
The composition and structure of earth
The document summarizes the composition and structure of the Earth. It is divided into four main layers: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the outermost solid rock layer that is broken into tectonic plates. Below the crust is the mantle, which is the largest layer made of silicate rock. At the center is the inner core made of solid iron, surrounded by the outer core of liquid iron and nickel that generates the Earth's magnetic field.
Earth Structure
The document discusses the structure and layers of the Earth. It is composed of four main layers from outermost to innermost:
1) The crust, which is the thin solid outer layer people live on made of rocks and minerals. It is divided into thicker continental crust and thinner oceanic crust.
2) The hot, dense mantle that behaves like a solid but can flow very slowly over geologic timescales. Its convection currents influence plate tectonics at the surface.
3) The liquid outer core that is composed of melted nickel and iron due to extreme heat and pressure.
4) The inner solid core formed from compressed metals vibrating in place like a solid.
Earth's Structure
The earth is made up of different layers. These layers are of different thicknesses and temperatures.
Duncan_Notes_Dynamic_Earth
The Earth is not a perfect sphere, but is slightly flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator. It has multiple interior layers, including a crust, mantle, and core. The crust and upper mantle make up the lithosphere, which overlies the asthenosphere and mesosphere in the mantle. The core is divided into a solid inner core surrounded by a liquid outer core. Seismic waves have revealed details of the Earth's internal structure.
Structure of Earth and its Composition
The presentation aiding the lecture Structure of Earth and its Composition for the course CE 8392 Engineering Geology handled by Prof. Rathnavel Pon for Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore
Geo Proj
The document provides information on the formation and anatomy of the Earth. It begins with a summary of the Big Bang theory and steady state theory of the origin of the universe. It then discusses the formation of the early Earth through accretion and differentiation of layers. It provides details on the structure of the Earth, including the lithosphere, mantle, outer core, and inner core. It also discusses plate tectonics, including plate boundaries, faulting, folding, volcanoes, and earthquakes. Additional topics covered include the water cycle, denudation processes, and natural landscapes.
The interior of the earth
The document discusses the layers of the interior of the Earth. It is divided into four main layers from outermost to innermost:
1. The crust, the topmost solid rocky layer that varies in thickness from 0-40 km.
2. The mantle, the thick solid layer below the crust extending to 2,900 km depth. The upper mantle is solid while the lower mantle is semi-molten.
3. The outer core, between 2,900-5,150 km, which is liquid.
4. The inner core, the innermost solid layer from 5,150-6,731 km depth with extremely high temperatures and pressures.
interior of earth
The document discusses the interior structure of the Earth based on evidence from seismic waves, density measurements, and samples from meteorites and volcanic rocks. It describes the layers from outer to inner core:
- The crust makes up 0.5% of the Earth's mass and is divided into the continental and oceanic crust.
- The mantle lies below the crust, taking up over 80% of the Earth's mass. It is divided into the upper, lower, and outer mantle based on changes in seismic wave velocities.
- The outer core is liquid and responsible for the Earth's magnetic field through convection of molten iron.
- The solid inner core is the innermost part of the planet,
Composition of the continental crust
The Earth is an unusual planet by having bimodal topography that reflects the two distinct types of crust.
Crust is outer part of the Earth and compositionally is consist tow types, continental and oceanic crust.
The oceanic crust is thin (~ 7 km ), and composed from denser rocks such as basalt , younger.
Whereas the continental crust is thick (~ 40 Km), and composed of highly diverse lithologies, and contains the oldest rocks.
Earth interior
The document summarizes the four main layers of the Earth - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. It describes each layer in 1-3 sentences. The crust is the top solid rocky layer that is thinnest under oceans. Below is the mantle, made of hot dense rock that flows slowly via convection currents. These currents also move the crustal plates. Deepest is the core, with the outer core a liquid layer of iron and nickel, and the inner solid ball an extremely hot and dense metallic solid.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Interior of the earth
Inside the earth
The Earth has three main layers - crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the outermost layer and is divided into tectonic plates that slowly drift atop the mantle. Beneath the crust is the mantle, which is made of hot, dense rock and drives plate tectonics through convection currents. At the very center of the Earth is the extremely hot core, with a solid inner core surrounded by a liquid outer core.
Module-1-LITHOSPHERE1 (GRADE 10 SCIENCE FIRST QUARTER MODULE )1upload.pptx
The document discusses the layers of the Earth's lithosphere. It describes the lithosphere as the cool, rigid outer layer of the Earth made up of crust and upper mantle. The lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that float on the asthenosphere. There are two types of plates - continental plates composed of less dense rocks found under land, and oceanic plates made of denser rocks under oceans. The boundaries between plates experience geological events like earthquakes and volcanoes.
L1_D1_INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH.pptx
The document describes the internal structure of the Earth. It is comprised of several concentric layers from the crust on the outside to the inner core at the center. The crust and upper mantle make up the lithosphere which is broken into tectonic plates. Beneath the lithosphere is the asthenosphere which is hot and plastic allowing the tectonic plates to move via convection currents in the mantle. Driving and resisting forces influence plate motions. Evidence like matching continents and fossil/rock similarities support plate tectonics theory. The mantle comprises most of the Earth's volume and transfers heat via convection currents. The outer core is liquid while the solid inner core is extremely hot. Boundaries between layers are marked
Internal Structure of The Earth? Major Structural unit of the earth
The document summarizes the internal structure of the Earth in 3 main layers - the core, mantle, and crust. The core is divided into a solid inner core and liquid outer core, mostly composed of iron and nickel. The mantle, making up most of the Earth's mass, is solid but can slowly deform and is composed of silicate compounds. The crust is the coolest and thinnest layer, composed of silicate minerals.
Internal structure of the earth
Internal Structure of The Earth
Physical Layering
Determining the Earth's Internal Structure
C. The Earth's Internal Layered Structure and Composition
D. VELOCITY AND DENSITY VARIATION WITHIN THE EARTH
The immense amount of heat energy released from gravitational energy and from the decay of radioactive elements melted the entire planet, and it is still cooling off today. Denser materials like iron (Fe) sank into the core of the Earth, while lighter silicates (Si), other oxygen (O) compounds, and water rose near the surface.
The earth is divided into four main layers: the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. The core is composed mostly of iron (Fe) and is so hot that the outer core is molten, with about 10% sulphur (S). The inner core is under such extreme pressure that it remains solid. Most of the Earth's mass is in the mantle, which is composed of iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), and oxygen (O) silicate compounds. At over 1000 degrees C, the mantle is solid but can deform slowly in a plastic manner. The crust is much thinner than any of the other layers, and is composed of the least dense potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) aluminum-silicate minerals. Being relatively cold, the crust is rocky and brittle, so it can fracture in earthquakes.
3 layer of the earth and description
The Earth is composed of three main layers: the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the thin, outermost layer that makes up only 1% of the Earth's mass and contains the continents and ocean basins. Below the crust lies the mantle, a dense, hot layer of semi-solid rock that is approximately 2,900 km thick and drives plate tectonics. The Earth's core is the innermost layer and makes up nearly one third of the planet's mass, consisting of a liquid outer core and solid inner core made of iron and nickel.
Structure and composition.pdf
The document summarizes the three main layers that make up the structure of the Earth:
1. The crust is the outermost layer and is divided into continental and oceanic crust. The oceanic crust is thinner, around 5-10 km thick, and composed mainly of basalt.
2. The mantle is the largest layer and makes up most of the Earth's volume. It is around 2900 km thick and can be divided into upper and lower mantle layers.
3. The core is the innermost layer and can be divided into a solid inner core and liquid outer core which generates the Earth's magnetic field.
Layersoftheearth22
The document describes the layers of the Earth, including the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. It provides details on the composition, thickness, and properties of each layer. The crust is the outermost solid layer and is divided into continental and oceanic crust. Beneath the crust is the mantle, which makes up over 80% of the Earth's volume and is divided into the upper, transition, and lower mantle zones. The outer core is liquid, while the inner core is solid.
INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF EARTH
The document summarizes the internal structure of Earth in three main layers - crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the outermost layer and thinnest, divided into continental and oceanic crust. Below is the mantle, making up 80% of the Earth's volume and divided into lithosphere and asthenosphere layers. The innermost layer is the core, with a solid inner core and liquid outer core composed primarily of iron and nickel.
Earth internal structure
The document summarizes the structure and composition of Earth's interior layers. It describes how seismic waves and samples from deep drilling provide evidence that the Earth has distinct layers, including a crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust varies in thickness and composition between continental and oceanic crust. Below the crust lies the mantle, which makes up over 80% of the Earth's volume and is divided into an upper and lower mantle. The lower mantle and outer core are liquid, while the inner core is solid.
Crust core and mantle
The document summarizes the composition and structure of the Earth's layers. It describes the crust, mantle, and core based on composition, thickness, temperature, and density. The crust is the outermost solid layer and is divided into continental and oceanic crust. The mantle lies below the crust and is also divided into layers. Seismic wave measurements indicate the mantle transitions to a liquid outer core and solid inner core at the Earth's center.
Module 6 part 1
The document describes the four main layers that make up the Earth - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. It provides details about the composition, thickness, temperature, and properties of each layer. The crust is the top solid layer that varies in thickness and temperature. Underneath is the mantle, which is hot and flows like a liquid. Deeper still are the outer core, made of liquid metals, and the inner solid metal core under immense heat and pressure.
in search of earth's seacrets
The document summarizes the structure and composition of the Earth. It describes how temperature and pressure increase with depth from the crust to the core. The crust is only 40 km thick and sits above the thicker mantle that extends to 2,900 km deep. Below this is the liquid outer core and then solid inner core at the center. Rocks make up the crust and upper mantle and vary in type, such as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, depending on how they were formed by volcanic activity, weathering, or pressure/heat changes. Over long periods of time, the weathering of rocks contributes to the formation of soil layers on the Earth's surface.
Mechanical layers of the earth
the Mechanical layers of the Earth
Distinct Layers
* Compositional Layers
* Mechanical Layers
Compositional Layers is composed of Crust, Mantle and Core while Mechanical Layers is composed of Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer Core and Inner Core.
Thank you ^-^
EARTH STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION
The document describes the structure and composition of the Earth. It discusses the four main layers of the Earth - crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the topmost layer and is broken into tectonic plates that "float" on the mantle. The mantle, which makes up most of the Earth's volume, becomes hotter with increasing depth and drives convection currents that move the plates. The outer core is liquid while the inner core is solid due to extreme heat and pressure at the Earth's center.
ramosearthscience.pptx
The document describes the different layers that make up the Earth. It discusses three main layers - the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the topmost layer and is broken into tectonic plates. Below the crust is the mantle, made of hot dense rock that flows slowly due to convection currents. The core is at the center and has a solid inner core surrounded by a liquid outer core made of iron and nickel.
L3 EARTH'S INTERNAL HEAT.pptx
Earth's internal heat comes from three main sources:
1) The accretion of dust and gas particles during the Earth's formation released gravitational potential energy and caused internal heating.
2) Radioactive decay of elements in the Earth's core and mantle, such as uranium and potassium, continues to generate heat.
3) Frictional heating from convection currents in the mantle also contributes to the Earth's internal heat. Seismic waves have allowed scientists to indirectly learn about the Earth's layered structure despite only drilling about 7 miles deep.
Layers of the Earth
The Earth is composed of four main layers - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust, made of lighter rocks like granite and basalt, is the topmost layer we live on. Below is the mantle, making up over 80% of the Earth's volume and composed of hot, dense rock. Within the mantle is the liquid outer core of melted nickel and iron. Deepest is the solid inner core where extreme heat and pressure turn the metals solid.
Seismology
This presentation is helpful for the student who have an interest in structural dynamics and seismology
Similar to Interior of the earth (20)
Module-1-LITHOSPHERE1 (GRADE 10 SCIENCE FIRST QUARTER MODULE )1upload.pptx
Module-1-LITHOSPHERE1 (GRADE 10 SCIENCE FIRST QUARTER MODULE )1upload.pptx
Internal Structure of The Earth? Major Structural unit of the earth
Internal Structure of The Earth? Major Structural unit of the earth
2.2. internal layers.pptx, like crust, mantle and core
2.2. internal layers.pptx, like crust, mantle and core
Recently uploaded
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024. Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Insectsplayamajorroleinthedeteriorationoffoodgrainscausingbothquantitativeandqualitativelosses
Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Recently uploaded (20)
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
Interior of the earth
- 1. INTERIOR OF THE EARTH PRESENTED BY HARI RAAM
- 2. LAYERS OF THE EARTH CRUST MANTLE CORE
- 3. CRUST There are two different types of crust Thin oceanic crust that underlies the ocean basins, and thicker continental crust that underlies the continents. These two different types of crust are made up of different types of rock. The thin oceanic crust is composed of primarily of basalt, and the thicker continental crust is composed primarily of granite. The low density of the thick continental crust allows it to "float" in high relief on the much higher density mantle below.
- 4. Composition The Crust is composed of mainly granite, basalt, and diorite rocks Temperature The Crust's temperature is different throughout the entire crust. The temperatures start at about 200° Celsius and can rise up to 400° Celsius.
- 5. The Moving Layer In the Mantle there are Convection Currents which will be defined more in The Mantle section. These huge currents are causing the crust to constantly move. These movements will cause earthquakes and volcanoes to erupt. The moving of the crust is also known as Theory of plate tectonics
- 6. SIAL the term 'sial' refers to the composition of the upper layer of the Earth's crust, namely rocks rich in silicates and aluminium minerals. It is sometimes equated with the continental crust because it is absent in the wide oceanic basins Sial has a lower density (2700–2800 kg/m3) than sima which is primarily due to increased amounts of aluminium, and decreased amounts of iron and magnesium
- 7. SIMA This layer is made of rocks rich in magnesium silicate minerals when the sima comes to the surface it is basalt, so sometimes this layer is called the 'basalt layer' of the crust. silicate minerals Because the ocean floors are mainly sima The sima has a higher density (2800 to 3300 kg/m3) than the sial which is due to increased amounts of iron and magnesium, and decreased amounts of aluminium
- 11. DISCONTINUITY The earth interior is made of different kinds of materials. Each of those materials are different from each other by their physical and chemical properties, such as temperature, density etc. and also develop unique layers according to their characteristics inside the earth. All those layers are separated from each other through a transition zone, which is called as discontinuity.
- 13. MANTLE The mantle is a layer between the crust and the outer core. Earth's mantle is a silicate rocky shell with an average thickness of 2,886 kilometres (1,793 mi). The mantle makes up about 84% of Earth's volume. The mantle encloses the hot core rich in iron and nickel, which makes up about 15% of Earth's volume.
- 14. Sections The mantle is divided into two sections. The Asthenosphere, the bottom layer of the mantle made of plastic like fluid and The Lithosphere the top part of the mantle made of a cold dense rock. Temperature The average temperature of the mantle is 3000° Celsius. The temperature of the mantle will become much hotter as you get closer to the Inner Core
- 15. Composition The mantle is composed of silicates of iron and magnesium, sulphides and oxides of silicon and magnesium Thickness The mantle is about 2900 km thick. It is the largest layer of the Earth, taking up 84% of the Earth.
- 16. Convection Currents Convection currents happen inside the mantle and are caused by the continuous circular motion of rocks in the lithosphere being pushed down by hot molasses liquid from the asthenosphere. The rocks then melt and float up as molasses liquid because it is less dense and the rocks float down because it is more dense.
- 17. LITHOSPHERE The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
- 18. ASTHENOSPHERE The upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur. Thickness of asthenosphere is 180 km
- 19. CORE The Earth's core is the part of Earth in the middle of our planet. It has a solid inner core and a liquid outer core. The outer core of the Earth is a liquid layer about 2,260 kilometers thick. It is made of iron and nickel The temperature of the outer core ranges from 4400 °C in the outer regions to 6100 °C near the inner core
- 20. Convection of liquid metals in the outer core creates the Earth's magnetic field. The Earth's inner core is the Earth's innermost part. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 kilometres It is composed of an iron–nickel alloy and some light elements. The temperature at the inner core boundary is approximately 5700 K (5400 °C)