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4. CRUST
MANTLE
OUTER CORE
INNER CORE
40
2900
2200
1278

5.  The crust is the thinnest and outermost layer of
the Earth
 Underneath some mountains, the crust’s
thickness extend to 72 kilometers
 The earth’s crust was divided into two regions, the
continental crust and oceanic crust
 Continental crust’s thickness is 35 to 40
kilometers and made up of silicon, oxygen ,
aluminum, calcium, sodium and potassium
 Oceanic crust is around 7 to 10 kilometers , and
made of dense rocks such as basalt
 OCEANIC CRUST is heavier than
CONTINENTAL CRUST

6.  OXYGEN- 46.60%
 SILICON- 27.72%
 ALUMINUM- 8.13%
 IRON -5.00%
 CALCIUM- 3.63%
 SODIUM- 2.83
 POTASSIUM-2.59%
 MAGNESIUM- 2.09%
 TITANIUM - 0.4%
 HYDROGEN - 0.14%

7.  The crust is consist of two layer, the upper
layer is composed of granite and only found in
continental crust
 Below granite is a layer made mainly of basalt.
This found both under the continent and
oceans

9.  Beneath the crust is the mantle ,80% Earth’s
total volume and 68 % total mass
 The lower part of the mantle is consist more
iron and than the upper part. This explain that
the lower mantle is denser than the upper
mantle
 The high temperature and pressure in the
mantle allows the solid rock flow slowly
 The mantle is made up of silicon , oxygen , iron
and magnesium

10.  A mantle is a layer inside the planetary body
bounded below by a core and above the crust
 Mantle are characteristics of planetary bodies
that have undergone differentiation by density
 All Terrestrial planets (including Earth), a
number of asteroids, and some planetary
moons have mantles
 The mantle is divided into three layers. The
upper mantle, transition zone, and the lower
mantle

12.  The upper mantle is a layer of the Earth between
the crust and the core. The upper mantle can be
divided into the thin layer, together with the
crust, lithosphere and asthenosphere
 Transition zone is a part of the Earth's mantle,
and it's located between a depth of 410 and 660
km
 The lower mantle represents approximately
56%of the Earth's total volume and its located
660-2900km below the Earth's surface between
the transition zone and the outer core

13.  The crust and uppermost of the mantle form a
relatively cool outermost rigid shell called
LITHOSPHERE
 Lithosphere is the top most solid part of the
earth that is composed of several plates
 Beneath the lithosphere lies the soft , weak
layer known as the asthenosphere

14.  OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE, which associated
with oceanic crust and exist in the ocean basins.
Oceanic lithosphere is typically 50-100 thick
 CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE, which is
associated with continental crust. Continental
lithosphere has range in thickness from 40 km
to perhaps 200 km, of which 40 km of crust

16.  ASTHENOSPHERE weak layer made up of
molten materials , beneath the lithospehere it
lies
 It is a layer of solid rocks that has so much the
pressure heats that the rocks can flow like
liquid
 Moho discontinuity , it is the boundary
between the crust and the mantle in Earth
 Gutenberg discontinuity , it is the boundary
between mantle and outer core

18.  The outer core is 2900 kilometers below the
earth’s surface. It is 2250 kilometers thick and
is made up of liquid iron and nickel.
 The temperature in the outer core reaches up
to 2000°C at this very high temperature , irone
and nickel melt

19.  The inner core is made up of solid iron and
nickel and has radius of 1300 kilometers
 It temperature reaches to about 5000°C
 The extreme temperature could have molten
the iron and nickel but is believed to have
solidified as a result of pressure freezing
 The earth was discovered to have a solid inner
core distinct in 1963 by the Danish
seismologist Inge Lehmann

21.  1.________The top most solid part of the Earth
that composed of several plates
 2. The_______is the deepest layer of the Earth.
It is made up of solid nickel and iron

22.  Identify the name of the rock in the picture

23.  Identify the name of the rock below

24.  5.the outer core is made up of______ nickel
and iron
 6.The inner Core's temperature reaches to
about________

25.  7. The temperature in the outer core reaches up
to_______
 8.Beneath the the lithosphere lies the soft, weak
layer known as the_______
 9.The boundary that separates the crust and
mantle
 10. The mantle is made up of silicon, oxygen,
magnesium and _______