Earthquake
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An earthquake is caused by the sudden release of stored elastic energy in rock. The focus is the point where the earthquake starts within the earth, and the epicenter is the location directly above on the surface. Seismic waves include body waves (P and S waves) and surface waves (Love and Rayleigh waves). Earthquakes are measured using seismographs that produce seismograms. During an earthquake, drop to the ground, take cover under sturdy furniture, and hold on until shaking stops. After an earthquake, check for damage and follow safety procedures.
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Earthquake
This presentation gives detailed information about earthquake , its types , waves , faults , especially in asian countries .A detailed case study of earthquake In NEPAL in 2015 is also covered in this with pictures . Also how it is measured and its warning system , vulnerability, deployment and future aspects has been covered .
HOPE YOU LIKE IT AND GET FULL INFORMATION!!!!!
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Earthquake
A natural vibration of the ground or the earth crust produced by forces is called earthquake or seismic forces.
An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another.
Earthquake
The document discusses earthquakes, including their causes, types of seismic waves produced, measurement on the Richter scale, potential hazards caused by earthquakes like landslides, fires, liquefaction, tsunamis and floods. It also discusses methods of earthquake prediction and safety precautions to take during an earthquake based on one's location.
Earthquake
This document provides information about earthquakes, including what causes them, different types of faults, seismic waves, measuring earthquake intensity, effects of earthquakes, and preparedness and response. It explains that earthquakes are caused by a sudden slip along a fault due to built up stresses in the earth's crust. There are three main types of faults - strike-slip, thrust, and normal - depending on the type of plate motion and rock. When an earthquake occurs, seismic waves are generated including body waves (P and S waves) and surface waves (Love and Rayleigh waves). Earthquake intensity can be measured using the Mercalli scale or Richter magnitude scale. Earthquakes can cause damage through ground shaking, landslides
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The 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat, India caused widespread destruction, killing over 20,000 people and leaving over 3 million homeless. The magnitude 7.7 earthquake destroyed 90% of buildings in the city of Bhuj and damaged infrastructure across western Gujarat. International relief arrived to assist survivors amid the devastation, while the government and NGOs coordinated reconstruction efforts, building over 200,000 disaster-resistant homes to replace those destroyed.
A ppt on earthquake & management umang
1) Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust from the slow movement of tectonic plates. They generate shock waves that radiate out from the epicenter.
2) Most earthquakes occur along plate boundaries and are measured on the Richter scale. Earthquakes above magnitude 7 can cause widespread damage depending on their depth and location.
3) Different types of seismic waves like P, S, R and L waves are generated by earthquakes and travel through the Earth causing shaking at the surface. Surface waves tend to be more destructive to buildings and infrastructure.
Endogenous disasters earth quakes
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to the people around and destroy whole cities.
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HOPE YOU LIKE IT AND GET FULL INFORMATION!!!!!
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The document discusses earthquakes and tsunamis, their causes and effects. Earthquakes are caused by shifting tectonic plates and can damage structures, cause landslides and flash floods. Tsunamis are large sea waves typically caused by underwater earthquakes that can damage property, cause flooding and loss of life. The document recommends remedies like responsible planning, seismic retrofitting and high seawalls to minimize damage from these disasters.
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A natural vibration of the ground or the earth crust produced by forces is called earthquake or seismic forces.
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The document discusses earthquakes, including their causes, types of seismic waves produced, measurement on the Richter scale, potential hazards caused by earthquakes like landslides, fires, liquefaction, tsunamis and floods. It also discusses methods of earthquake prediction and safety precautions to take during an earthquake based on one's location.
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Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates underneath the Earth's surface. When the plates shift with great force, they release stress and energy in the form of seismic waves that cause the shaking we feel. To prepare for earthquakes, structures should be evaluated for safety and retrofitted if needed. During shaking, people inside should duck and cover underneath sturdy furniture, while those outside should move to an open area away from buildings and power lines. Aftershaking stops, evacuation should be orderly and help given to others to reduce casualties from potential damage or aftershocks. Earthquake drills help practice safe response procedures.
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Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of built-up energy in the Earth's crust. They can cause widespread damage through ground shaking and secondary effects like landslides and tsunamis. The document discusses the causes of earthquakes, different types of seismic waves, zones of seismic activity in India, and safety measures during and after an earthquake. It also summarizes the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat, which had a magnitude of 7.7 and caused over 20,000 deaths through the destruction of infrastructure and homes. Proper construction techniques and early warning systems can help reduce risks from earthquakes.
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- Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy from movement within the earth's crust. This movement occurs along faults.
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This document contains notes from Mohit Ladhani's 8th class math and science assignments. The math section defines types of quadrilaterals like parallelograms, rectangles, squares, and kites. It also provides properties of rectangles, squares, parallelograms, and rhombus. The science section discusses how lightning is formed during thunderstorms and provides safety tips during thunderstorms. It also defines different types of earthquakes and provides guidance on what to do during and after an earthquake.
Earthquake preparedness
Earthquake preparedness is important because earthquakes happen without warning. It is important to have an emergency kit and disaster plan. Before an earthquake, homeowners should secure heavy furniture, appliances and fixtures to walls. During an earthquake, drop to the ground, take cover and hold on until shaking stops. After an earthquake, expect potential aftershocks and check for injuries and damage before helping others. Listen to officials for updated information.
Earthquakes
An earthquake is caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates along fault lines in the earth's crust. This movement sends out shock waves that can damage structures and alter the earth's surface by causing landslides, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. The location below the surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, while the epicenter is the location directly above on the surface. Earthquakes occur when built-up pressure causes rocks along fault lines to suddenly break. The most devastating earthquakes in history include the 1556 Shaanxi earthquake in China that killed over 830,000 people and the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China that killed between 240,000 and 655,000 people.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Earthquake
- 2. What is Earthquake? • The shaking or trembling of Earth’s surface caused by the sudden release of energy • Focus is the point within Earth where the earthquake starts • Epicenter is the location on the surface directly above the focus • Faults are fractures in Earth where movement has occurred
- 4. Causes of Earthquake • Most earthquakes are produced by the rapid release of elastic energy stored in rock that has been subjected to great forces • When the strength of the rock is exceeded, it suddenly breaks, causing the vibrations of an earthquake
- 6. Seismic waves 1. Body waves a. Primary wave (P wave) b. Secondary wave (S wave) 2. Surface waves a. Love wave – Augustus Edward Hough Love (1911) b. Rayleigh wave – John William Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) (1885)
- 9. Measuring earthquake • Seismograph: An instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes • Seismogram: A record produced by a seismograph
- 10. Seismogram
- 12. Dos and Don’ts Before an earthquake During an earthquake After an earthquake
- 13. Before an earthquake • Get expert advice if there are signs of structural defects • Follow BIS codes relevant to your area for building standards • Fasten shelves securely to walls • Repair defective electrical wiring and leaky gas connections. These are potential fire risks. • Secure water heaters, LPG cylinders etc., by strapping them to the walls or bolting to the floor
- 14. • Have a disaster emergency kit ready • Identify safe places indoors and outdoors. – Under strong dining table, bed – Against an inside wall – Away from where glass could shatter around windows, mirrors, pictures, or where heavy bookcases or other heavy furniture could fall over – In the open, away from buildings, trees, telephone and electrical lines, flyovers and bridges • Develop an emergency communication plan
- 15. During an earthquake • If indoors – DROP to the ground; take COVER by getting under a sturdy table or other piece of furniture; and HOLD ON until the shaking stops. If there is no a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch in an inside corner of the building. – Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls and anything that could fall – Use a doorway for shelter only if it is in close proximity to you and if you know it is a strongly supported, load bearing doorway. – Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. – Be aware that the electricity may go out or the sprinkler systems or fire alarms may turn on.
- 16. • If outdoors – Do not move from where you are. However, move away from buildings, trees, streetlights and utility wires. – If you are in open space, stay there until the shaking stops. Most earthquake-related casualties result from collapsing walls, flying glass and falling objects. • If in a moving vehicle – Stop as quickly as safety permits and stay in the vehicle. Avoid stopping near or under buildings, trees, overpasses and utility wires. – Proceed cautiously once the earthquake has stopped. Avoid roads, bridges, or ramps that might have been damaged by the earthquake. • If trapped under debris – Do not light a match. – Do not move about or kick up dust. – Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. – Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can locate you. Use a whistle if one is available. Shout only as a last resort. Shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust.
- 18. THANK YOU…