The document discusses earthquake and tornado preparedness and safety measures. It defines earthquakes and types of earthquakes as natural or man-made. It provides guidance on what to do before, during, and after an earthquake, including securing heavy objects, taking cover during shaking, and evacuating damaged buildings after. The document also defines tornadoes and discusses tornado safety measures such as taking cover in interior rooms or depressions when a tornado is approaching and securing outdoor objects.

2. Introduction
• The term or seismic tremor is a good description of the
natural phenomenon which suddenly strikes an area causing damage
that varies according to the intensity of the quake and local geological
conditions. Close to the epicentre of the quake, the damage is direct,
resulting in immediate destruction, such as collapsed buildings and
other infrastructure, and indirect or secondary, resulting, for
example, in fires, landslides, ruptured water and gas mains,
interruption of electricity supplies, floods, etc…

3. Types of Earthquake
• NATURAL EARTHQUAKE
- Tectonic
- Volcanic
- Meteoric
• MAN-MADE EARTHQUAKE
- Explosive
- Industrial Noise

4. • To ensure the safety of building occupants during and after a
damaging earthquake;
• To help the Disaster Management Committee (DMC) to design a
specific response plan for strong earthquakes;
• To train the DkMC and the building occupants proper action and
response during earthquakes;
• To test various elements of the response plan designed by the DMC

5. What to do BEFORE an earthquake?
• Strap heavy furniture to walls to prevent sliding or toppling.
• Store breakable items, harmful chemicals and flammable materials in
lowermost shelves and secure firmly.
• Turn off gas tanks when not in use.
• Keep heavy materials in lower shelves.
• Check stability of hanging objects.
• Maintain an earthquake survival kit.

6. When you feel a STRONG earthquake,
…under a desk or sturdy table. Stay away from windows, shelves, file
cabinets, heavy mirrors, hanging plants, and other heavy objects that
could fall. Watch out for falling plaster and ceiling tiles. Stay
undercover until the shaking stops, and hold onto your cover. If it
moves, move with it.
WHAT TO DO DURING AN EARTHQUAKE?

8. • If inside a structurally sound building, stay there! Protect your body
from falling debris
• If outside, move to an open area
• If along the shore and you feel an earthquake, run away from shore
toward higher ground.
• If on a mountain, move away from steep escarpments which may be
affected by landslides.
• When driving a vehicle, pull to the side of the road and stop. Do not
attempt to cross bridges or overpasses which may have been
damaged.
WHAT TO DO DURING AN EARTHQUAKE?

9. What to do AFTER an earthquake?
• If inside an old & weak structure, take the fastest and safest way out!
- get out calmly, do not rush to the exit
- use the stairs, do not use elevators
- check yourself & others for injuries
• Help reduce the number of casualties from the earthquake:
- don’t enter partially damaged buildings
- gather information on radios
- obey public safety precautions
• Check surroundings
- clean up chemical spills, flammable materials
- check for fire and if any, have it controlled
- check water and electrical lines for defects

10. • If you must evacuate your residence, leave a message stating where
you are going.
- take with you your survival kit
• Unless you need emergency help:
- do not use your telephone to call relatives and friends
- do not use your car and drive around areas of damage
What to do AFTER an earthquake?

11. EARTHQUAKE DRILL

12. Actual Conduct of Earthquake Drill
 Assumptions:
 1-minute strong shaking signified by 1 minute siren/bell
 Person can not stand
 Buildings may have been damaged but no collapse
 Possible falling objects including glass windows
 No immediate assistance will be available for at least several hours. Self help and
sustenance are required
 Possible injuries , fear, panic among personnel

13. Phases of an Earthquake Drill
PHASE 1 – Alarm
PHASE 2 – Response
PHASE 3 – Evacuation
PHASE 4 – Assembly
PHASE 5 – Headcount
PHASE 6 - Evaluation

14. Things To Remember In Times Of Emergency
1. HAVE PRESENCE OF MIND
2. APPLY YOUR TRAINING
3. TEAM WORK
4. PRAY!

16. What is a tornado?
• A is a violent rotating column of air extending from a
thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent tornadoes are capable
of tremendous destruction with wind speeds of up to 300 mph.
• They can destroy large buildings, uproot trees and hurl vehicles
hundreds of yards.
• They can also drive straw into trees. Damage paths can be in excess of
one mile wide to 50 miles long. In an average year, 1000 tornadoes
are reported nationwide.

17. TORNADO SAFETY MEASURES
Be on the lookout for the precursory signs of an impending severe
thunderstorm that could generate a tornado “Go to a safe place,” but
where’s safe?
If at work, home or in school, keep calm, take cover in any interior
hallway and on the lowest place in a building, or under sturdy
furniture and brace yourself. Stay away from windows.
Secure outdoor objects(like garbage cans, garden tools, toys, signs,
garden sets) if time permits, to prevent them from becoming missiles
during its passage.

20. Tornado safety measures….
Lie down in any depression or crawl into culverts when a tornado is
about to strike as it is considerably better than remaining upright
If driving a vehicle, stop and abandon it and seek shelter outside in
the nearest depression ditch or ravine (but be aware of flash flooding
Tornadoes are generally short-lived.They come and go quickly.
There may not be time for warning

21. Fin~