The document provides an overview of different types of disasters including natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions and man-made disasters like fires, terrorism, and technological accidents. It discusses disaster management strategies like preparing emergency kits and evacuation plans, and appropriate responses during and after different types of disasters to remain safe and aid recovery efforts.

1. Welcome.

2. Disaster Management
A brief insight to most sought out strategies of survival.

3. What is it..
A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a
community or a society involving widespread human, material,
economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds
the ability of the affected community or society to cope using
its own resources. All disasters are hence the result of
human failure to introduce appropriate disaster
management measures.

4. Types..
• NATURAL DISASTER : A Natural Hazard is a natural process or
phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic
disruption, or environmental damage. Various phenomena like earthquakes,
landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods, tornadoes, blizzards, tsunamis,
and cyclones are all natural hazards that kill thousands of people and
destroy billions of dollars of habitat and property each year.
• MANMADE DISASTER : Human-Instigated disasters are the consequence of
technological hazards. Examples include stampedes, fires, transport
accidents, industrial accidents, oil spills and nuclear
explosions/radiation. War and deliberate attacks may also be put in this
category.

5. Why is it..
Disaster management is the effort of communities to plan for and
coordinate all personnel and materials required to either mitigate the
effects of, or recover from, natural or man-made disasters, or acts of
terrorism. Disaster management does not avert or eliminate the threats,
although their study is an important part of the field.

6. Disaster Management Cycle

8. Earthquake..

9. • Check for hazards in the home
• Identify safe places in each room
• Locate safe places outdoors
• Have disaster supplies on
• Develop an emergency communications plan in case of
separation during the earthquake
• Ask an out-of-state relative or friend to serve as the family
contact

10. Action
• If indoors: Take cover under a piece of heavy furniture or
against an inside wall and stay inside
• If outdoors: Move into the open, away from buildings, street
lights, and utility wires and remain there until shaking stops
• If in a moving vehicle: Stop quickly, stay in vehicle, move to a
clear area away from buildings, trees, overpasses, or utility
wires

11. Recovery
• Be prepared for after shocks
• Help injured or trapped persons and give first aid where
appropriate
• Listen to a battery operated radio for emergency
information
• Stay out of damaged buildings and return home only when
authorities say it is safe

12. Case Study
The 2001 Gujarat earthquake occurred on 26 January, India's 52nd Republic
Day, at 08:46 AM local time and lasted for over two minutes. The epicenter was
about 9 km south-southwest of the village of Chobari in Kutch District
of Gujarat, India. The earthquake reached 7.7 on the moment magnitude scale.
The earthquake killed around 20,000 people, injured another 167,000 and
destroyed nearly 400,000 homes.

13. A flood is an overflow of water
that submerges land which is
usually dry. Flooding may occur as
an overflow of water from water
bodies, such as a river or lake, in
which the water overtops or
breaks levees, resulting in some of
that water escaping its usual
boundaries, or it may occur due to
an accumulation of rainwater on
saturated ground in an areal
flood.
Flood

14. • Stockpile emergency building materials
• Install check valves in sewer traps to prevent flood waters from backing
up in sewer drains
• Plan and practice an evacuation route
• Have disaster supplies on hand
• Develop an emergency communication plan in case of separation
• Ask an out-of-state relative to serve as the "family contact"
• Teach family members how and when to turn off the gas, electricity, and
water.

15. If indoors:
• Turn on battery operated radio to get latest emergency information
• Get pre-assembled emergency supplies
• If told to leave, do so immediately.
If outdoors:
• Climb to high ground and stay there
• Avoid walking through any floodwaters.
• If in a car, turn around and go another way; if your car stalls, abandon it
immediately and climb to higher ground.
During an evacuation:
• If advised to evacuate, do so immediately to avoid flooded roads, being sure to
follow recommended evacuation routes and listen to radio for evacuation
instructions
Action

16. • Inspect foundations for cracks or other damage and examine walls, floors, doors, and windows to make sure that
the building is not in danger of collapsing
• Watch out for animals, especially poisonous snakes, that may have come into your home with flood waters
• Watch for loose plaster and ceilings that could fall
• Look for fire hazards
• Throw away all food (including canned) that has come in contact with flood waters
• Pump out flooded basements gradually (~ 1/3 amount of water per day) to avoid structural damage
• Service damaged septic tanks, cesspools, pits, and leaching systems ASAP - damaged sewage systems are health
hazards.

17. A landslide, also known as a landslip, is
a geological phenomenon that includes
a wide range of ground movements, such
as rock falls, deep failure of slopes and
shallow debris flows.

18. Preparation
• Get a ground assessment of your property
• Minimize home hazards (plant ground cover on slopes, build retaining
walls, and in mudflow areas, build channels or deflection walls to
direct flow around buildings)
Recognize landslide warning signs:
• Doors/windows stick or jam for the first time, new cracks appear in
plaster or foundations, outside walks, walls, or stairs pull away
from buildings, underground utility lines break, bulging ground
appears at base of a slope, ground slopes downward in one
direction and may begin shifting in that direction under your feet;
faint rumbling sound that increases in volume as landslide nears

19. if indoors:
• Stay inside and get cover under a sturdy piece of furniture.
If outdoors:
• Try to get out of path of mudflow
• Run to nearest high ground in a direction away from path
• If rocks and other debris are approaching, run for nearest shelter such as
a group of trees or a building
• If escape is not possible, curl into a tight ball and protect your head.
Be cautious of sinkholes:
• Sinkholes occur when groundwater dissolves a vulnerable land surface
such as limestone, causing the land surface to collapse from lack of
support.
Action

20. • Check for damaged utility lines and report damage to the
utility company
• Check the building foundation, chimney, and surrounding land
for damage
• Replant damaged ground as soon as possible since erosion
caused by loss of ground cover can lead to flash flooding.

21. Volcanic Eruptions
During a volcanic
eruption, lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic
bombs and blocks), and various gases are
expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure.
Several types of volcanic eruptions have
been distinguished by volcanologists. These
are often named after famous volcanoes
where that type of behaviour has been
observed. Some volcanoes may exhibit only
one characteristic type of eruption during
a period of activity, while others may display
an entire sequence of types all in one
eruptive series.

22. • Learn about community warning systems and of disasters that
can come from volcanoes (earthquakes, flooding, landslides,
mudflows, thunderstorms, tsunamis)
• Make evacuation plans to higher ground with a backup route
• Get a pair of goggles and a throw-away breathing mask

23. If indoors:
Action
• Close all windows, doors, and dampers
• Put all machinery inside a garage or barn
• Bring animals and livestock into closed shelters
If outdoors:
• Seek shelter immediately
• If caught in a rockfall, roll into a ball to protect head
• Avoid low-lying areas where poisonous gases can collect and
floods can be dangerous
• If caught near a stream beware of mudflows.
• Wear long sleeved shirts and pants
• Use goggles to protect eyes and a dust-mask or damp cloth over
face to help breathing
• Keep car engines turned off
• Stay out of the area.

24. When outside:
Recovery
• Cover mouth and nose to protect from inhaling ash and wear
goggles to protect eyes
• Keep skin covered to avoid irritation or burns
• Avoid contact with any amount of ash if you have a respiratory
ailment
• Avoid driving in heavy ashfall (it may clog engines and stall
vehicles)
• Clear roofs of ashfall (could cause buildings to collapse)

25. Fire Accidents
Accidents that are caused due to
fire are quite common . Fire results
in heavy damage both in terms of
life and property . Loss of life is
high in a crowded building.

26. Remedies
• The main reason is poor wiring and faulty electrical equipment
, leaking gas or carelessly thrown cigarettes and matches
• The main power supply source is good condition.
• Wire should be properly covered
• Inflammable things should be kept out of reach of children
• Power points shouldn’t be overloaded

27. Terrorism
This is another type of disaster that
results in loss of life and property.
Terrorists use violence and strike
without warning. They use bombs ,
guns etc to terrorize people

28. Terrorism
• We must inform police if we come across any
suspected group of people
• We must stay away from any suspicious things and
inform police about that.
• Do not accept packages from strangers
• Do not leave luggage unattended while traveling

29. Terrorist Attacks
TERRORIST ATTACK REFERS TO THE THREATENED USE OF
VIOLENCE TO INTIMIDATE A POPULATION OR GOVERNMENT FOR
POLITICAL, RELIGIOUS OR IDEOLOGICAL GOALS.

30. Preparedness
• CREATE AN EMERGENCY COMMUNICTION PLAN.
• ESTABLISH A MEETING PLACE.
• ASSEMBLE AN EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS KIT.
• LEARN SOME BASIC FIRST AID.
• SHOULD HAVE AN EMERGENCY EVACUATION DRIL IN
SCHOOLS.

31. Response during Attack
• REMAIN CALM AND BE PATIENT.
• LISTEN TO RADIO OR TELEVISION NEWS FOR INSTRUCTIONS.
• IF EVENT OCCURS NEAR YOU CHECK FOR INJURIES GIVE
FIRST AID.
• USE TRAVEL ROUTES SPECIFIED BY LOCAL AUTHORITIES.
• FIND YOU AND YOUR FAMILY SOME SAFE AND SECURE PLACE.

32. Response after Attack
• WORKPLACES, SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES SHOULD BE CLOSED.
• THERE MAY BE NUMBER OF CASUALTIES DUE TO TERRORIST ATTACK SO
KEEP THE NEARBY HOSPITALS UP TO DATE ABOUT YOUR MEDICAL NEEDS.
• EXTENSIVE MEDIA COVERAGE, HEAVY LAW ENFORCEMENT AT LOCAL AND
STATE LEVEL SHOULD BE PROVIDED.
• YOU ALONG WITH YOUR FAMILY EVACUATE THE ATTACKED AREA AS SSON
AS POSSIBLE AVOIDING ROADS BLOCKED FOR YOUR SAFETY.

33. Nuclear disasters
It is a type of explosion deriving its
force from nuclear reactions of
fission and fusion . It is of two types
fission and fusion . Egs. Of fission are
atomic bombs , A-bombs , fission bombs
. Egs. Of fusion bombs are hydrogen
bombs , H-bombs , fusion bombs etc.

34. Nuclear disasters
• Common indicators of these disasters are vomiting ,
nausea , dizziness etc.
• Don’t look at fire as it causes instant blindness
• Close all doors and windows as radioactivity
doesn’t penetrate into solid structures
• Cover all food and water and listen govt. orders

35. Preparation
• Build an Emergency Supply Kit
• Copies of prescription medications and medical supplies.
– Bedding and clothing, including sleeping bags and pillows.
– Copies of importan
• t documents: driver’s license, Social Security card, proof of
residence, insurance policies, wills, deeds, birth and marriage
certificates, tax records, etc.

36. Disaster Management Authorities

37. National Disaster
Management Authority
• It is the apex body for natural disaster management and
mitigation.
• Set up by the Indian Institute of Public Administration and
the Centre for Disaster Management set up by Y S Chavan
Academy of Development Administration.
• A Natural Disaster Management Control Room has been set up
at Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi.

38. • A new center "National Centre for Disaster Management (NCDM)"
has been established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government
of India. NCDM is setup in Indian Institute of Public Administration
(IIPA) with the objectives of :
• 1. providing training programs for senior and middle level
administrative government officials and to sensitize them for
disaster mitigation.
• 2. coordinate the research activities in different aspects of
disaster management at national level.

39. Disaster Mitigation Institute
• DMI strives to become a premier centre for disaster mitigation and
prevention by assisting and strengthening the decision making
process and making the critical and objective analysis available
to the policy makers. In the wake of Gujarat Earthquake of
January 2001 this Institutes provides real life example of the
need and necessity of such an institute.
• The Government of Gujarat (GOG) established the Gujarat State
Disaster Management Authority on February 8, 2001 to co-ordinate
the comprehensive earthquake recovery program.

40. Jammu Kashmir Floods

41. Thank you.