This document provides an overview of a lesson on the development of culture during the prehistoric period. It begins by explaining that prehistory refers to the long period of human existence before the development of writing, and that archaeology is the main source of knowledge about prehistoric times through the excavation and analysis of artifacts and remains. It then discusses key developments like the emergence of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells around 2 billion years ago, allowing for more complex life. Around 541-542 million years ago was the Cambrian explosion where many animal phyla appeared. Early animals that remained in water developed hard body parts that fossilized well. Eventually, some plants and fungi began growing on land, aided by oxygen and
The Theory of Evolution Essay
Evidence Of Evolution
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Why Does Evolution Happen
Evolution Essay
Essay on human evolution
The Theory of Evolution Essay
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Essay about Evidence for Evolution
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Creationism vs. Evolution Essay
Why Do You Believe In The Theory Of Evolution
This practice worksheet will have you spending time thinking about Cy.pdfjkcs20004
This practice worksheet will have you spending time thinking about Cyanobacteria and some
fellow photosynthesizers. 1. Had this been the year 2013, I would have taught you that all extant
Cyanobacteria are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis. I also would have taught you that some
of the earliest fossils of life on earth are stromatolites, which are beach-ball-sized structures
believed to have been formed by ancient Cyanobacteria 3.5 billion years ago. In 2013, I would
have put these two facts together and taught you that oxygenic photosynthesis must have been
present by 3.5 bilion years ago and that the Great Oxidation Event, which occurred 2.4 billion
years ago when O2 from oxygenic photosynthesis started to accumulate in the atmosphere and
oceans, was simply a long time ( 1 billion years) in the making. However, in the last ten years we
have discovered two lineages of Cyanobacteria that, much to our surprise, proved to be non-
photosynthetic. The phylogenetic relationship of these two new lineages (seen in the image
below) has forced us to reinterpret the timing of the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis. First,
explain why the fossils and phylogeny combine to make us think that oxygenic photosynthesis
might not be as ancient as we once thought. And second, why would a different pattern of
phylogenetic relationship-for example, if these two new lineages had been nested inside of the
clade of previously known cyanobacteria-not have caused us to reconsider our earlier thinking?
2. C4 photosynthesis is a "carbon-concentrating mechanism" found in a variety of plants, most
notably in the grasses. First, briefly explain why some plants would need a carbonconcentrating
mechanism. Why wasn't the traditional version of photosynthesis (known as C3 photosynthesis)
good enough, and what is it that plants are compensating for? And second, briefly explain why
the phylogenetic distribution of C4 photosynthesis (shown in red in the figure below) supports
the claim that C4 photosynthesis is an adaptation. Why, for example, would a single clade of all
those C4 photosynthesizers fail to provide as strong support for the claim? 3. We can trace
ancestry all the way back to LUCA (i.e., the last universal common ancestor, from 3.5 billion
years ago) from present-day eukaryotic algae. We don't think LUCA was an oxygenic
photosynthesizer, nor do we think it was an aerobic respirer. But the algae are both of these.
Three questions here: 1 .) in what order (photosynthesis then respiration, or vice versa)..; 2.)
when (+/1020% is close enough, given our current uncertainty about timing)..; and 3 .) how ...did
the eukaryotic algal lineage come by these two metabolic capabilities?
4. As we've discussed, some of the so-called "major transitions in evolution" represent the
creation of new kinds of individuals (e.8., the origin of eukaryotes, the origin of multicellular
organisms, the origin of animal societies). Among these, some represent the coming together of
unrelated or.
Introduction to Life Science and The Theories on the Origin of LifeSimple ABbieC
I. Introduction to Life Science
II. The Concept of Life
III. Characteristics of Life
IV. Theories on the Origin of Life
V. Unifying Themes in the Study of Life
MY RESEARCH PLAN By Yvette RomeroCompletedAssignmentDat.docxroushhsiu
MY RESEARCH PLAN
By Yvette Romero
Completed?
Assignment
Dates
Research Proposal & Plan
9/25/18
Conference Day @ 9:30 A.M
DUE: 9/27/18
Annotated Bibliography (5)
Annotated Bibliography (5)
Annotated Bibliography (5)
Submit Annotated Bibliography
10/12/18
10/14/18
10/17/18
DUE: 10/19/18
Research Report
10/21/18
DUE: 10/23/18
Research Writing & Note Cards
10/28/18
DUE: 10/30/18
Outline
10/31/18
DUE: 11/1/18
1st draft (pp. 6)
11/3/18
DUE: 11/6/18
2nd draft (pp. 8)
11/5/18
DUE: 11/8/18
3rd draft (Whole essay- pp.8-12)
11/9/18
DUE: 11/13/18
4th draft (Final Essay) & Work Cited
11/11/18
DUE: 11/15/18
Portfolio Project
11/18/18
DUE: 11/20/18
E-portfolio
11/27/18
Research Paper & Research portfolio
11/29/18
Presentations
11/29/18
Each Chapter has to be 1 full page each; don’t forget references and intext citations. Make sure you use the book to reference the information as well. This is a book report so most of the information should come from the book as well as additional outside references.
APA Style
This week you will be writing about chapter 6,7,8 in your text.
1
2
Introduction
Evolution is the process that involves the change in organisms over a period of time as a result of changes in hereditable, physical or behavioral characters. The truth behind Evolution emphasizes the solid pieces of evidence that verifies mostly evolution natural selection to be a fact. Putting together and explaining the latest ideas and discoveries from many disparate areas of the modernized science Jerry A. Coyne leaves us with an open mind in his book of why evolution is true in any doubt about the truth and the beauty of evolution.
Chapter One: What is Evolution
Learning models in the evolution theories include various theories that explain more about the evolution and existence of many living things on the planet earth. These theories include cell theories, relativity theory, evolution theory (Winther, 2015), the theory of plate tectonics and atomic theory. Evolution shows us more about us in the whole extraordinary and the great array of life. It brings us together with every living thing in the earth today and with long-dead creatures and myriads whereby it provides us with the true accounts of our origins hence replacing thousands of year’s myths that existed and satisfied us.
According to Darwin’s theory of Evolution, it states that the whole of life was as a result of evolution (Winther, 2015). The operation was then later driven by Natural selection which happens to be the most valid theory supported by evidence from a wide variety of scientific fields like geology, genetics, paleontology, and developmental scientists and it’s sometimes described as the survival of the fittest. However, it is equally thought to erode morality.
Various shreds of evidence have been found that supports the evolution theory, for instance, the study on human evolution that involved a study on 1,900 students published online in the month of October ...
The Theory of Evolution Essay
Evidence Of Evolution
The Future Of Human Evolution Essay
Why Does Evolution Happen
Evolution Essay
Essay on human evolution
The Theory of Evolution Essay
Essay on Evolution
Essay about Evidence for Evolution
The Theory of Evolution Essay
Creationism vs. Evolution Essay
Why Do You Believe In The Theory Of Evolution
This practice worksheet will have you spending time thinking about Cy.pdfjkcs20004
This practice worksheet will have you spending time thinking about Cyanobacteria and some
fellow photosynthesizers. 1. Had this been the year 2013, I would have taught you that all extant
Cyanobacteria are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis. I also would have taught you that some
of the earliest fossils of life on earth are stromatolites, which are beach-ball-sized structures
believed to have been formed by ancient Cyanobacteria 3.5 billion years ago. In 2013, I would
have put these two facts together and taught you that oxygenic photosynthesis must have been
present by 3.5 bilion years ago and that the Great Oxidation Event, which occurred 2.4 billion
years ago when O2 from oxygenic photosynthesis started to accumulate in the atmosphere and
oceans, was simply a long time ( 1 billion years) in the making. However, in the last ten years we
have discovered two lineages of Cyanobacteria that, much to our surprise, proved to be non-
photosynthetic. The phylogenetic relationship of these two new lineages (seen in the image
below) has forced us to reinterpret the timing of the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis. First,
explain why the fossils and phylogeny combine to make us think that oxygenic photosynthesis
might not be as ancient as we once thought. And second, why would a different pattern of
phylogenetic relationship-for example, if these two new lineages had been nested inside of the
clade of previously known cyanobacteria-not have caused us to reconsider our earlier thinking?
2. C4 photosynthesis is a "carbon-concentrating mechanism" found in a variety of plants, most
notably in the grasses. First, briefly explain why some plants would need a carbonconcentrating
mechanism. Why wasn't the traditional version of photosynthesis (known as C3 photosynthesis)
good enough, and what is it that plants are compensating for? And second, briefly explain why
the phylogenetic distribution of C4 photosynthesis (shown in red in the figure below) supports
the claim that C4 photosynthesis is an adaptation. Why, for example, would a single clade of all
those C4 photosynthesizers fail to provide as strong support for the claim? 3. We can trace
ancestry all the way back to LUCA (i.e., the last universal common ancestor, from 3.5 billion
years ago) from present-day eukaryotic algae. We don't think LUCA was an oxygenic
photosynthesizer, nor do we think it was an aerobic respirer. But the algae are both of these.
Three questions here: 1 .) in what order (photosynthesis then respiration, or vice versa)..; 2.)
when (+/1020% is close enough, given our current uncertainty about timing)..; and 3 .) how ...did
the eukaryotic algal lineage come by these two metabolic capabilities?
4. As we've discussed, some of the so-called "major transitions in evolution" represent the
creation of new kinds of individuals (e.8., the origin of eukaryotes, the origin of multicellular
organisms, the origin of animal societies). Among these, some represent the coming together of
unrelated or.
Introduction to Life Science and The Theories on the Origin of LifeSimple ABbieC
I. Introduction to Life Science
II. The Concept of Life
III. Characteristics of Life
IV. Theories on the Origin of Life
V. Unifying Themes in the Study of Life
MY RESEARCH PLAN By Yvette RomeroCompletedAssignmentDat.docxroushhsiu
MY RESEARCH PLAN
By Yvette Romero
Completed?
Assignment
Dates
Research Proposal & Plan
9/25/18
Conference Day @ 9:30 A.M
DUE: 9/27/18
Annotated Bibliography (5)
Annotated Bibliography (5)
Annotated Bibliography (5)
Submit Annotated Bibliography
10/12/18
10/14/18
10/17/18
DUE: 10/19/18
Research Report
10/21/18
DUE: 10/23/18
Research Writing & Note Cards
10/28/18
DUE: 10/30/18
Outline
10/31/18
DUE: 11/1/18
1st draft (pp. 6)
11/3/18
DUE: 11/6/18
2nd draft (pp. 8)
11/5/18
DUE: 11/8/18
3rd draft (Whole essay- pp.8-12)
11/9/18
DUE: 11/13/18
4th draft (Final Essay) & Work Cited
11/11/18
DUE: 11/15/18
Portfolio Project
11/18/18
DUE: 11/20/18
E-portfolio
11/27/18
Research Paper & Research portfolio
11/29/18
Presentations
11/29/18
Each Chapter has to be 1 full page each; don’t forget references and intext citations. Make sure you use the book to reference the information as well. This is a book report so most of the information should come from the book as well as additional outside references.
APA Style
This week you will be writing about chapter 6,7,8 in your text.
1
2
Introduction
Evolution is the process that involves the change in organisms over a period of time as a result of changes in hereditable, physical or behavioral characters. The truth behind Evolution emphasizes the solid pieces of evidence that verifies mostly evolution natural selection to be a fact. Putting together and explaining the latest ideas and discoveries from many disparate areas of the modernized science Jerry A. Coyne leaves us with an open mind in his book of why evolution is true in any doubt about the truth and the beauty of evolution.
Chapter One: What is Evolution
Learning models in the evolution theories include various theories that explain more about the evolution and existence of many living things on the planet earth. These theories include cell theories, relativity theory, evolution theory (Winther, 2015), the theory of plate tectonics and atomic theory. Evolution shows us more about us in the whole extraordinary and the great array of life. It brings us together with every living thing in the earth today and with long-dead creatures and myriads whereby it provides us with the true accounts of our origins hence replacing thousands of year’s myths that existed and satisfied us.
According to Darwin’s theory of Evolution, it states that the whole of life was as a result of evolution (Winther, 2015). The operation was then later driven by Natural selection which happens to be the most valid theory supported by evidence from a wide variety of scientific fields like geology, genetics, paleontology, and developmental scientists and it’s sometimes described as the survival of the fittest. However, it is equally thought to erode morality.
Various shreds of evidence have been found that supports the evolution theory, for instance, the study on human evolution that involved a study on 1,900 students published online in the month of October ...
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
1. Duration: 50 min ARISTOTLE/EUCLID Grade: 8 MODULE 3-Q1
Yugto ng Pag-unlad
ng Kultura sa
Panahong
Prehistoriko
2. Duration: 50 min ARISTOTLE/EUCLID Grade: 8 MODULE 3-Q1
AYON SA MGA ARKEOLOGO ang PREHISTORY ay
yugto sa mahabang nakaraang sangkatauhan na
nag-uugat halos 2.5 milyong taon na ang
nakakalipas o bago pa ang pakalikha sa isang
sistematikong pagsusulat at pagtatala.
Samanatala ang HISTORY o KASAYSAYAN ay ang
pag-aaral hinggil sa nakaraan ng tao batay sa
nasusulat nadokumento.
3. Duration: 50 min ARISTOTLE/EUCLID Grade: 8 MODULE 3-Q1
Ang pangunahing pinagmumulang ng kaalaman
sa PREHISTORY ay ARCHAEOLOGY
ang ARCHAEOLOGY ay isang sangay ng agham
na nag-aaral ukol sa kultura, at pamumuhay ng
sinaunang tao sa pamamagitan ng paghuhukay
at pagsusuri ng mga artifact at mga labi o
remains.
4. Duration: 50 min ARISTOTLE/EUCLID Grade: 8 MODULE 3-Q1
Cenozoic
nagsimula mga 63 milyong taon na ang nakararaan.
Sa panahon na ito nabuo ang mga tao, hanggang
ngayon sa kasalukuyan ito pa rin ang umiiral.
Naging mabilis ang pagbabago ng mga mammal,
ibon, at mga halaman sa panahong ito.
Nahahati sa dalawang panahon ang Tertiary at
5. Duration: 50 min ARISTOTLE/EUCLID Grade: 8 MODULE 3-Q1
Hinati sa limang epoka ang Tertiary:
Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene.
7. Lesson overview
The planet Earth has a more than 4.6 billion year history, over the course of which it has undergone substantial changes in the conditions it offers life. All living organisms have had to
adapt to these changes; those that were unable died out. However the survivors have also contributed to the creation and alteration of these life conditions. This process of mutual
influence between different elements of the environment is called coevolution, and it has contributed considerably to changing our planet.
•Learn about the evolution and development of Earth and of the life forms
which have inhabited it since its creation.
•Understand the factors which have contributed to the formation of the
environments on Earth over its history.
•Observe the mutual influence of living nature on Earth’s systems.
Bacteria, Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, Animal Cell, Plant Cell, Soil, Geologic ages
Learning objectives Keywords
Standards
Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grades 9–10 topics, texts, and issues.
Present information, findings, and supporting evidence clearly, concisely, and logically such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, substance,
and style are appropriate to purpose, audience, and task.
Make strategic use of digital media (e.g., textual, graphical, audio, visual, and interactive elements) in presentations to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence
and to add interest.
Construct an argument based on evidence about the simultaneous coevolution of Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
Common Core
CCSS ELA-Literacy
SL.9-10.1
SL.9-10.4
SL.9-10.5
NGSS
HS-ESS2-7
8. 30
min
1. Introduction
In the first two lessons in this series (“Earth’s history: The beginning” and “Earth’s history: The blue planet”), we discussed the formation of our planet and the subsequent moderation
of the extreme conditions on its surface. This lesson will be dedicated to the expansion of living organisms in Earth’s oceans and to their later colonization of dry land. This was the
beginning of the evolution of the variety of life seen during later periods of the history of our planet. Begin the class with a review, discussing with students the previous development
of the planet:
• What was Earth like after its formation from the solar nebula?
• How were the conditions on its surface and in the atmosphere after its surface cooled down?
• Which conditions made the appearance of life possible on our planet?
• And which conditions are crucial for its survival today? Are these different from those which held when life first appeared?
9. 30
min
2. Geologic ages
As an introduction to the subsequent chapters in Earth’s
history, familiarize your students with the overall system of
its geologic history. This systematization will serve you well
while introducing new information, as its periodization
mainly depends on the crucial changes of life forms on Earth.
Inform students that to start with, the geologic history of
Earth is divided into very long periods called eons, four in
total. Of these, three (the Hadean, the Archean and the
Proterozoic) cover that majority of Earth’s history prior to the
great diversification and spread of life forms. Show the time
scale of the geologic ages of the Earth, and allow students to
observe the periodization!
Eons are subsequently divided into eras, periods, and epochs.
The various subdivisions are defined by characteristics
regarding changes in life forms. The first eon, the Hadean,
was that early period of extreme conditions with intense
bombardment of the planet and no life, as discussed in the
lesson plan “Earth’s history: The beginning”. The second eon,
the Archean, was that characterized by the formation of
early life conditions, as discussed in the lesson plan “Earth’s
history: The blue planet”. The third, the Proterozoic, and
fourth, the Phanerozoic, include the development of more
complex life forms, as prokaryotes evolved into eukaryotes,
and later into the multicellular organisms which subsequently
diversified into various species of plants, animals, etc. Before
continuing, take a look with your students at this geologic
clock, which can be very helpful in systematizing and
periodizing all the knowledge acquired in these lessons!
United States Geological Survey, Geologic time scale, marked as public domain, more details on Wikimedia Commons
Woudloper Derivative work: Hardwigg, Geologic
Clock with events and periods, marked as public
domain, more details on Wikimedia Commons
10. 15
min
3. From prokaryotes to eukaryotes
As said before, the first organisms on Earth were very simple ones. Prokaryotes were primitive but extremely resilient forms of life. To see one of them, go to the Lifeliqe app, open the
Animal Biology library, and look for the model called “Bacteria”. Observe the composition of its simple body. To observe the resistant cell wall of these organisms, open the “Cell Wall of
Bacteria” model. Concentrate on its functions and composition!
Prokaryotes were rudimentary, single-celled organisms. To evolve more complex, multicellular organisms, there was a need for more sophisticated sorts of cells. Such cells appeared
about 2 million years ago, at the beginning of the Proterozoic eon. The most probable way this happened was that a large prokaryotic cell attempted to trap and digest another, smaller
one, which survived thanks to its resilient character.
Click to open in Lifeliqe
Click on the model to interact
11. Soon, these cells began to live in symbiosis and need one another, the larger one
dependent on the energy produced by the smaller, and the smaller one dependent on
the raw materials contributed by the larger. The smaller organism eventually transformed
into a type of organelle which we now call mitochondria.
You can find an example of this more complex eukaryotic cell in the Human Biology library
of the Lifeliqe app, in a model called “Somatic Cell”. Show it to the students, describing the
organelles and comparing it to the simple prokaryotic cell.
Another, second type of eukaryotic cell is what we call a “Plant Cell”, the model of which
can be found in the Plant Biology library. This cell, unlike animal cells, contains an organelle
called a chloroplast. This organelle serves for photosynthesis and probably evolved in a
similar way as mitochondria: photosynthesizing cyanobacteria entered other cells and
there transformed into chloroplasts.
Click to open in Lifeliqe
Click on the model to interact
12. 10
min
4. Colonization of dry land
About 1.5 billion years ago, eukaryotic cells began to form multicellular organisms. The earliest of these were probably algae.
But it wasn’t until around 541-542 million years ago that the big boom of life forms began on Earth. The process was also
slowed down by the various severe ice ages which Earth suffered during the Proterozoic. These periods are sometimes called
“Snowball Earth”.
At the end of the Proterozoic eon came the so-called Cambrian Explosion. This was a major, sudden emergence of many living
species, favored by the prevailing conditions on Earth. With this explosion, the last (and current) eon, the Phanerozoic, began.
The first stage was the Paleozoic era. Animals still remaining in the water developed hard body parts, such as shells, skeletons,
or exoskeletons. One of the benefits of their development for us is the easier and much more evident fossilization of their
remains, providing us with more probable evidence about them. One of the most famous of these early, fossilized creatures was
the “Trilobite”. Search in the Lifeliqe app for the model of this very well known prehistoric marine arthropod!
However, in this period there were also the first steps later leading to the colonization of dry land. Several million years ago,
plants (probably algae) and fungi started to grow also on the edges of the water. This was possible due to more favorable
atmospheric conditions than had earlier prevailed. Oxygen produced by photosynthesizing organisms allowed for breathing
outside of water, and also allowed the creation of the protective ozone layer.
Oxygen present in the air also increased weathering rates, which together with the presence of early life forms on dry land led
to creation of soil. This soil was in turn a hospitable place for other plant species to grow, and thus contributed to the first life on
dry land. To see more about formation of soil and its structure, have a look at the “Soil Profile” model found in the Geology
library.
Click to open in Lifeliqe
Click to open in Lifeliqe
13. 5
min
5. Final wrap-up
At the end of the lesson, review the topic, focusing especially on the respective phases of the geological history of the Earth. You can ask questions like:
• Can you name the eons?
• When did the first eukaryotes appear?
• In which eon was oxygen first produced?
• Etc.
14. Thanks for using Lifeliqe's lesson plan!
Excite your students in learning science with 1,000+ more 3D models and lesson plans at online.lifeliqe.com