This document provides a brief overview and introduction to Spain, including its flag, coat of arms, anthem, geography, history, culture, food, famous people, companies and inventions. Key facts noted are that Spain's flag represents passion and tortilla, its anthem has no official lyrics, its history involved reconquering land from Muslims and losing colonies, and it is known for siestas, Spanish cuisine and wine, and influential figures like artists, athletes and chefs.

1. Tortilla, Toros y Ole!
A Short Guide to Spain

2. Our flag
Red for passion. Yellow for tortilla.
(But if you show it when there isn’t a football match you are like the worst Spaniard ever)
Coat of Arms
Ah yeah, we have a pink lion in our coat of
arms. How majestic!

3. Our anthem
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkeSGGZ6LP0
Lyrics:
Naahna nahnaah Nananah na nahnaah
nahnaah nahnaah nah nah nah
nahnaah (x14)
Easy, right?
The Spanish national anthem "The Royal March", is one of the few in the
world with no official lyrics (we just do the nah nah nah) but that’s
OK!

4. Key facts and figures
Ruler: King Juan Carlos I (1975)
Prime Minister: Mariano Rajoy (2011)
Land area: 192,819 sq mi (499,401 sq km); total area: 194,896 sq mi (504,782 sq km)1
Population (2012 est.): 47,042,984 (growth rate: 0.654%);
- birth rate: 10.4/1000; infant mortality rate: 3.37/1000;
- life expectancy: 81.27;
- density per sq mi: 231
Capital and largest city (2011 est.): Madrid, 7,254,321 (metro. area), 6,489,680 (city proper)
Other large cities: Barcelona, 1,621,537; Valencia, 814,208; Seville, 703,206
Monetary unit: Euro (formerly peseta)
Read more: http://www.infoplease.com/country/spain.html#ixzz2yN1SbkLp
There are 16 Autonomous Regions in Spain including two set of islands: the
Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off Africa
near the Sahara coast. In a map, we place them in the Mediterranean Sea just to
confuse everybody, we like jokes 
Plus: two autonomous cities, Ceuta and Melilla, northern Morocco. This has led
to some diplomatic problems with Morocco.
Less: a UK colony, Gibraltar, in Cadiz. This has also led to some diplomatic
problems with the UK.

5. Did you know that… ?
- The name Spain diverged from the word Ispania, which means the land of
rabbits.
- Spain is a monarchy. The King of Spain is Juan Carlos I, who inherited the
throne from General Franco, the dictator who ruled in Spain from 1939 to 1975.
- There is no tooth fairy in Spain but rather a tooth mouse called Ratoncito Perez.
- Spain has the highest number of bars out of all the countries in the EU.
- Spain was not part of the First or Second World War.
- 40% of Spanish people between 17-24 smoke.
- Spain produces 44% of the world’s olive oil.
- All Spanish people have 2 surnames, the first from the father and the second
from the mother. Therefore, the possibility of finding a person with same two
surnames is really low.
- Spanish women never change their surname when they marry.
- Spanish is the second most spoken language in the world after Chinese.
- Spanish is spoken in 44 countries (with at least 3 million native speakers in
each).
- Spain is the only country in Europe that produces bananas.
- Nearly 75% of the world’s saffron flower is grown in Spain.
- Same sex marriage has been legal in Spain since 2005.

6. This is Spain:
This is NOT Spain:
This is also Spain:
Bagpipers as well as Celtic symbols are traditional in the north of Spain, specially
Asturias and Galicia. It also rains a lot there.
Covadonga
Peaks of Europe, ASTURIAS

7. History facts
From the time of the first settlers, the Iberians, Spain has been subject to land and sea
invasions from many cultures including the Phoenicians, Greeks, Celts, Romans,
Muslims, and Visigoths. Each of them left some mark of influence on this land known by
its citizens as Espana.
711 A.D. Muslims conquer Iberia (About 711 A.D.). The Muslims
from North Africa push their way into the Iberian
peninsula, defeating the Visogoths living in the south.
Known as the Moors, the invaders name their new land al-
Andalus. In 766 they make Cordoba their capital.
722 A.D. The Reconquista begins (About 722 A.D.). Christians
rulers try to take back the Iberian peninsula. This is the
beginning of the Reconquista, or Reconquest. Asturias in
the north becomes a haven for Christians escaping the
Muslim rule. As more Christians flee the south, the
northern regions become more powerful.
1000 A.D. Battles continue (10th century to 13th century A.D.)
The Christian kings unify to push the Muslims out of the
land. In 1037 Fernando of Castile conquers Leon. In 1094
the Muslims attack El Cid's fortress in Valencia. After ten
days El Cid emerges with 4,000 knights and defeats the
Muslims. By the 13th century, Valencia is a Christian
region.
1200 A.D. Muslim control weakens (1200s - 1400s A.D.).By the
1200s Muslim control over the region has broken. The
only stronghold left is in Granada in southern Spain.
1469 A.D. Ferdinand and Isabella marry (1469 - 1516 A.D.).In
1469 Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile marry,
leading to the unification of the kingdoms. In 1479 they
start the Spanish Inquisition where non-Christians are
considered enemies. In 1492 they oust the Muslims from
Granada, and they sponsor Christopher Columbus' voyage.
.

8. 1492 A.D. Spanish exploration (1492 - About1823 A.D.).
Starting with Christopher Columbus in 1492, Spain opens
doors for exploration in the Americas. Although their
conquests are carried out to spread Christianity, they also
seek gold and riches to support the kingdom back home.
Spain becomes the first European power with an overseas
empire.
1588 A.D. The Spanish Armada sinks.
Tensions for control of the seas erupt between Spain and
England. In 1588 the two fleets meet in the waters off
England. At first it seems like the Spanish Armada is too
strong with over 100 ships, but then problems arise and
eventually the Armada is defeated by the English navy.
1701 A.D. The War of the Spanish Succession (1701 - 1714 A.D.).
When Charles II dies, he leaves no heir to the throne. Louis
XIV of France wants his grandson, Philip, to rule Spain, but
other nations fear that this French and Spanish union will
bring too much power to France. When the war ends,
Philip can be king, but he can no longer be in line to be
king of France.
1808 A.D. War of Independence (1808 - 1814 A.D.).
Also known as the Peninsular War, the Spanish War of
Independence occurs after Napoleon tries to invade Spain
but finds resistance. Britain and Portugal join the war and
eventually defeat Napoleon.
1810 A.D. A loss of colonies (1810 - 1898 A.D.).
During the 1800s many of Spain's colonies throughout the
world declare independence. At the end of the Spanish
American War of 1898, Spain loses Guam, Puerto Rico, the
Philippines, and Cuba.
1914 A.D. World War I and beyond (1914 - 1926 A.D.).
During the Great War, Spain declares itself neutral. At the
end of the war Spain has trouble with rebel Abd el-Krim in
Morocco who tries to liberate the land from foreign
control. His plans backfire when France and Spain join
together and expel him from the country.

9. 1931 A.D. King Alfonso XIII steps down.
Unrest and dissatisfaction with royal rule grows. King
Alfonso flees the country when the Second Spanish
Republic comes to power. He eventually settles in Rome.
1936 A.D. The Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1939 A.D.).
Spain holds an election and the Popular Front candidate
wins. The military, headed by General Francisco Franco,
revolts. The Spanish Civil War lasts for three years with
over 600,000 people killed. Franco declares the war over
on April 1, 1939 and names himself head of state.
1939 A.D. World War II (1939 - 1945 A.D.).
Spain declares itself neutral during the war. However,
Franco makes 40,000 soldiers available to help Hitler's
cause. Ammunition is also sent until the U.S. threatens
Spain's oil supply. Franco changes allegiance to the allies
when Hitler begins to lose. Economic sanctions are then
imposed on Spain.
1939 A.D. Franco's government (1939 - 1975 A.D.).
Franco sets up a dictatorship. Though there is stability in
the government, the people have limited freedoms. In the
1950s and 1960s he relaxes his stiff control a bit. This
allows for economic growth. Franco dies in 1975.
1975 A.D. A New Rule.
Franco wants Juan Carlos, the grandson of Alfonso XIII, to
rule after him. But when Juan Carlos becomes king, he
does not follow Franco's wishes. Instead he sets up a
democratic process. Though no longer the world power it
once was as in the days of Spanish Conquest, the Spain of
today is a land rich in heritage, yet eager to approach
tomorrow with hope for its future.

10. You know we love our food
Many other do as well!
Best restaurant in the world 2013
El Celler de Can Roca, Gerona
http://www.theworlds50best.com/list/1-50-
winners/el-celler-de-can-roca
Some of the best Chefs in the world are Spaniards
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Spanish_chefs
- Arzak (Pais Vasco)
- Adria (Calauña)
- Jose Andrés (Asturias. Celebrity also in USA, cooks for the Obamas)…

11. Some Spaniards you may know
Ferlando Alonso
Formula One racing driver
Anne Hidalgo
Paris Mayor
Rafa Nadal
Tenis player
Javier Bardem
Actor
Enrique Iglesisas
Singer
Penelope Cruz
Actress

12. Some Spanish companies

13. Spanish Inventions
Who said we were lazy?

14. Siesta facts
Another glorious Spanish invention, here are some benefits of a good siesta:
- More energy
- Improve productivity by over 30%
- Improve alertness by up to 100%
- Reduce stress and the risk of heart disease by 34%
- Better negotiation and communication
- Reduce risk of accidents at work and on the road
- Happiness and wellbeing