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EAP11_12_Unit 5_Lesson 2_Writing In-Text Citations, Endnotes, and Footnotes.pptx

This document provides information on citing sources using APA and MLA citation styles. It discusses the different elements of in-text citations, such as short vs long quotes. It also covers formatting for footnotes and endnotes in both styles, including placement, structure, and purpose (providing supplemental information vs copyright). The key differences between APA and MLA styles are discussed, such as inclusion of author names in citations and placement of notes (footnotes in APA, endnotes in MLA). The goal is to teach writers how to properly cite sources using these standardized styles.

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English for Academic and Professional Purposes Senior High School Applied - Academic Unit 5: Citing Sources of Information Lesson 2 Writing In-Text Citations, Endnotes, and Footnotes
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT This is an example of footnotes for a text. Where are footnotes usually found? 2
Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following: ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT 3 ● Identify the in-text citations, footnotes, and endnotes of the different citation styles. ● Use the different in-text citations, footnotes, and endnotes of the APA, MLA, and CMOS citation styles.
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Using the research article found last meeting, determine the citation style according to the in-text citations and/or footnotes used in the article. Identify the style of citation 4
5 What characteristics were identifiable for a certain kind of citation style?
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT What is the purpose of using citations? Essential Question 6
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-Text Citations in APA Format (7th Edition) Short Quotations ● Include the author, year, and page number ● Introduce the direct quotation with signal phrase that includes author’s last name followed by year of publication in parentheses 7
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-Text Citations in APA Format (7th Edition) Short Quotations ● If no signal phrase was used to indicate the author, place the author, year, and page number in parentheses ● Use “p.” to indicate if the quotation was taken from one page of the text ● Use “pp.” if the quotation spans several pages 8
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-Text Citations in APA Format (7th Edition) Long Quotations ● 40 words or more ● Quotation starts ½ inch from left margin ● Parenthetical citation follows direct quotation Quotations from Sources Without Page Numbers ● Use another kind of indicator (paragraph number, line number on page, chapter, section, etc.) 9
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-Text Citations in APA Format (7th Edition) Citations for Authors ● Two authors: include an “&” in between the names ● Three authors: include et al. after the first author mentioned ● No author: title of the work should be cited 10
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-Text Citations in APA Format (7th Edition) Citations for Authors ● Government agency or non-profit organization: mention the name in full for the first time; then abbreviations can be used after ● Multiple citations: list them according to their order in the References page 11
12 Why should a writer be familiar with the APA citation style?
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-Text Citations in APA Format (7th Edition) Further on, he adds that Britain “turned to its own advantage" inter-state competition for mobile capital (Arrighi, 1994, 218) and labels the British regime "cosmopolitan-imperial." He concludes that, "Under the Genoese regime, the world was “discovered” and under the British it was “conquered” (Arrighi, 1994, 219). 13
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Long Quote Citations in APA Format (7th Ed.) People from this generation have already started or are on their way to start their professional careers and can contribute greatly to the labor market, but they may face challenges because of certain unique characteristics. Although they may be innovative, creative, and experts on technology, they are individualistic people with communication issues and lack problem solving skills (Half, 2015, p. 36). 14
15 Why should footnotes be limited in APA format?
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Footnotes in APA Format (7th Edition) Format ● A number in superscript after the text ● Footnotes found at the bottom of the page ● Possible to also have “Footnotes” page after “References” Footnotes for Content ● Provide supplemental material for readers ● Provide additional references found online for the reader 16
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Footnotes in APA Format (7th Edition) Footnotes for Copyright ● If paper has directly quoted more than 500 words from the reference ● Includes the “From” or “Adapted from” in footnotes text 17
18 Why does a writer have to consider the number of words taken from different sources?
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Footnotes in APA Format (7th Edition) The three-dimensionality of the performers bodies and of space are represented two-dimensionally on the PC or a surface serving as projecting screen (see screenshot of World Wide Simultaneous Dance by Laura Knott)3. All three projects that I am going to discuss belong to this category4. _____________________________________________ __________ 3 See http://www.wwsd.org/artifacts/artifacts.html for additional information. 4 See Jenik, Adriene, Desktop Theater. Keyboard Catharsis and the Masking of Roundheads 19
20 What makes the footnotes different from the in-text citations for the APA citation style?
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Footnotes in APA Format (7th Edition) As dust-jackets do today, the clay envelopes referred to the contents within, although in contrast to the dust- jacket they had to be broken and were destroyed to provide access to the information inside5. _____________________________________________ ________ 5 Denise Schmandt-Besserat’s When writing met art: From symbol to story. Austin, University of Texas Press, 2007. 21
22 Why should a writer be familiar with the in-text citation format for MLA?
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-Text Citations in MLA Format Citing Authors and Works ● Include the author and page number ● Introduce the direct quotation with signal phrase that includes author’s last name followed by the page number ● Two authors: have “and” between the names ● Three or more authors: first author only followed by et al. 23
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-Text Citations in MLA Format Short Quotations ● Direct quotation placed in quotation marks and in-text citation placed after the closed quotation mark Long Quotations ● More than 30 lines in length ● Quotation starts in a new line with ½ inch tab from the left margin ● New paragraphs start with an additional ¼ inch tab 24
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-Text Citations in MLA Format Adding or Omitting Words ● Adding words: additional words should be contained in a bracket ● Omitting words: omitted words should be replaced with the ellipse and a space (... ) 25
26 How does the format of APA and MLA differ from each other?
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Short Quote Citations in MLA Format Further on, he adds that Britain “turned to its own advantage" inter-state competition for mobile capital (Arrighi 218) and labels the British regime "cosmopolitan-imperial." He concludes that, "Under the Genoese regime, the world was “discovered” and under the British it was “conquered” (Arrighi 219). 27
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Long Quote Citations in MLA Format There is nothing to talk about over and above the totality of the [actual] concrete particular facts. And science is the business of producing the most compact and informative possible summary of that totality. And the components of that summary are called laws of nature (23– 24). 28
29 What is the distinctive characteristic of the MLA in-text citation?
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-Text Citations in MLA Format People from this generation have already started or are on their way to start their professional careers and can leave a great contribution in the labor market, but they may face challenges because of their unique characteristics. Although they may be innovative, creative and technology experts, they are individualistic people with communication issues and lack problem solving skills (Half 36). 30
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-Text Citations in MLA Format This generation does not have capacity to focus and analyze difficult problems, not being able to work with long term goals (Chun et al. chap. 3). They prefer to work alone or in virtual groups and they present difficulties in vertical organizations (DeLaria et al. 28). In order for these young people to enter the job market better prepared to face these challenges, academic development is essential. 31
32 How does the endnotes and footnotes of MLA and APA differ from one another?
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Endnotes in MLA Format Format ● A number in superscript after the text ● Endnotes found before Works Cited Page ● Used for explanatory or content notes: gives additional information for the text 33
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Endnotes in MLA Format Here, the performers corporeality and the scenic space are mediated via telematic media such as videoconferencing systems and web cams. The three-dimensionality of the performers bodies and of space are represented two- dimensionally on the PC or a surface serving as projecting screen (see screenshot of World Wide Simultaneous Dance by Laura Knott)3. __________________________________________________________________ ____________ 3 http://www.wwsd.org/artifacts/artifacts.html 34
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Endnotes in MLA Format This telematically mediated status of the performers corporeality is called telepresence and together with the notion of liveness a highly controversial topic in the state-of-the-art discussion on performance and new media4. __________________________________________________________________ ____________ 4 Among others see Phelan, Peggy: Unmarked. The Politics of Performance. London: Routledge, 1993. And Auslander, Philip: Liveness: Performance in a Mediatized Culture. London: Routledge, 1999. 35
36 What is distinctive of the endnotes of the MLA citation style?
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Endnotes in MLA Format As dust-jackets do today, the clay envelopes referred to the contents within, although in contrast to the dust- jacket they had to be broken and were destroyed to provide access to the information inside5. _____________________________________________ ______ 5 A detailed historical description of the development of writing which grew out of the use of tokens and their impressions on clay envelopes surrounding them, is found in Denise Schmandt-Besserat’s When writing met art: From symbol to story. Austin, University of Texas Press, 2007. 37
38 What is the disadvantage of using MLA endnotes in a paper?
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Author-Date (AD) Style in CMOS Citing Authors and Works ● Include the author, publication date, and page number ● No comma between author and date; place a comma between date and page number(s) ● In-text citation placed directly after the direct quotations or paraphrased content 39
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Author-Date (AD) Style in CMOS Short Quotations ● Quotation placed in quotation marks ● In-text citation comes after the closed quotation mark and before any punctuation 40
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Author-Date (AD) Style in CMOS Long Quotations ● Block paragraph style is used ● Quotation starts on a new line with ½ inch indention from the left ● In-text citation comes after the quotation; if author is mentioned in the introductory statement, cite only the date and page numbers 41
42 How does the AD format of CMOS differ from the in-text citations of APA and MLA?
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Author-Date (AD) Style in CMOS Further on, he adds that Britain “turned to its own advantage" inter-state competition for mobile capital (Arrighi 1994, 218) and labels the British regime "cosmopolitan-imperial." He concludes that, "Under the Genoese regime, the world was “discovered” and under the British it was “conquered” (Arrighi 1994, 219). 43
44 What is a distinctive characteristic of the AD style?
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Author-Date (AD) Style in CMOS Loewer takes the laws of nature to be given by the three posits of the Mentaculus (along with a few caveats discussed below), and Loewer takes those posits to be descriptions of the actual world. Similarly, Albert claims that the Mentaculus (including the set of worlds it defines) is nothing more than a description of the actual world: 45
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Author-Date (AD) Style in CMOS There is nothing to talk about over and above the totality of the [actual] concrete particular facts. And science is the business of producing the most compact and informative possible summary of that totality. And the components of that summary are called laws of nature (2015, 23–24). 46
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Notes-Bibliography (NB) Style in CMOS Citing Authors and Works ● Include the author, publication date, and page number ● No comma between author and date; place a comma between date and page number(s) ● In-text citation placed directly after the direct quotations or paraphrased content 47
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Notes-Bibliography (NB) Style in CMOS Further on, he adds that Britain “turned to its own advantage" inter-state competition for mobile capital2 and labels the British regime "cosmopolitan-imperial." He concludes that, "Under the Genoese regime, the world was “discovered” and under the British it was “conquered.”3 _____________________________________________ ___________ 2 Arrighi, G. The Long Twentieth Century, 1994, p. 218 3 Arrighi, G. The Long Twentieth Century, 1994, p. 219 48
49 What is an advantage of using the NB style in writing?
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Notes-Bibliography (NB) Style in CMOS There is nothing to talk about over and above the totality of the [actual] concrete particular facts. And science is the business of producing the most compact and informative possible summary of that totality. And the components of that summary are called laws of nature2. _____________________________________________ ___________ 2 Albert, D., After Physics, 2015, pp. 23-24 50
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Notes-Bibliography (NB) Style in CMOS This generation does not have capacity to focus and analyze difficult problems, not being able to work with long term goals2. They prefer to work alone or in virtual groups and they present difficulties in vertical organizations3. In order for these young people to enter the job market better prepared to face these challenges, academic development is essential. _________________________________________________ ____________ 2 Chun, C. et al., Teaching Generation Z at the University of Hawaii, 2015, chap. 3 3 DeLaria, et al., Educational Researcher, 2015, p. 28 51
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Utilize a Different Style of Citation 52 Find one research study and pick a part of the article which contains in- text citations. First, identify the style used in the research. Then, rewrite the passage using another style of in-text citation.
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT How did you determine the kind of citations used in the research? 53
ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT 1. What is the format for MLA in-text citations? 2. What is the function of content footnotes for MLA? 3. Why should a writer format the different kinds of citations correctly? Question 54
Wrap Up The format for in-text citations in APA utilizes the author-date-page number(s). The format for in-text citations in MLA utilizes the author-page number(s). 55
Wrap Up The format for AD for CMOS utilizes author-date-page number(s), but CMOS also allows writers to utilize NB, where all references are found in either the footnotes or endnotes. 56
Wrap Up Footnotes and endnotes for APA and MLA should be limited and are usually used for additional content for other references. 57
Photo Credit 58 ● Slide 2: Footnotes by Hedwig von Ebbel is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via WikiMedia Commons.
Bibliography 59 Bahar, Yudi Nugraha, Jérémie Landrieu, Christian Pere, and Christophe Nicolle. 2014. "Simulation And Visualization Of Thermal Metaphor In A Virtual Environment For Thermal Building Assessment". International Journal Of Technology 5 (1): 3. doi:10.14716/ijtech.v5i1.148. Fizek, Sonia. “Why Fun Matters: In Search of Emergent Playful Experiences.” In Rethinking Gamification, 273–287. Germany: meson press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.14619/001. Goldblatt, Cullen. “Setting Readers at Sea: Fatou Diome’s Ventre De l’Atlantique.” Tydskrif Vir Letterkunde 56, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 89–101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.56i1.6275. Meinawati, Euis, Herlin Widasiwi Setianingrum, Jimmi Jimmi, and Eggi Winata. “Social Relationships of the Main Characters in Rowling's Fantastic Beast and Where to Find Them.” Research and Innovation in Language Learning 2, no. 2 (May 2019): 85–100. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/rill.v2i2.2074. Murray, Jeffrey. “Classical Dialogue: Allusion and Intertextuality in Charl-Pierre Naudé’s Against the Light.” Tydskrif Vir Letterkunde 49, no. 2 (March 22, 2012): 25–33. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tvl.v49i2.2.
Bibliography 60 Purdue Lab. 2020. "Chicago Manual Of Style 17th Edition // Purdue Writing Lab". Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/chicago_manual_17th_edition/cmos_formatting_an d_style_guide/chicago_manual_of_style_17th_edition.html. Purdue Lab. 2020. "Footnotes And Endnotes // Purdue Writing Lab". Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/footnote s_and_endnotes.html. Purdue Lab. 2020. "In-Text Citations: Author/Authors // Purdue Writing Lab". Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_ citations_author_authors.html. Purdue Lab. 2020. "In-Text Citations: The Basics // Purdue Writing Lab". Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_ citations_the_basics.html. Purdue Lab. 2020. "MLA Endnotes And Footnotes // Purdue Writing Lab". Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_end notes_and_footnotes.html.
Bibliography 61 Purdue Lab. 2020. "MLA Formatting Quotations // Purdue Writing Lab". Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_for matting_quotations.html. Rufino, Paolo. “From Engagement to Life, Or: How to do things with Gamification?.” In Rethinking Gamification, 47–70. Germany: meson press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.14619/001. Schrape, Niklas. “Gamification and Governmentality.” In Rethinking Gamification, 21–46. Germany: meson press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.14619/001. Sonoda, Midori. “The Teaching of Music History in Japanese Music Education.” Musica Docta 4, no. 1 (2014): 111–19. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2039-9715/4314. Taylor, Jim. 2007. "Buddhism, Copying, And The Art Of The Imagination In Thailand". Journal Of Global Buddhism 8 (1-19).

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EAP11_12_Unit 5_Lesson 2_Writing In-Text Citations, Endnotes, and Footnotes.pptx

  • 1.
    English for Academicand Professional Purposes Senior High School Applied - Academic Unit 5: Citing Sources of Information Lesson 2 Writing In-Text Citations, Endnotes, and Footnotes
  • 2.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Thisis an example of footnotes for a text. Where are footnotes usually found? 2
  • 3.
    Learning Objectives At the endof the lesson, you should be able to do the following: ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT 3 ● Identify the in-text citations, footnotes, and endnotes of the different citation styles. ● Use the different in-text citations, footnotes, and endnotes of the APA, MLA, and CMOS citation styles.
  • 4.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Usingthe research article found last meeting, determine the citation style according to the in-text citations and/or footnotes used in the article. Identify the style of citation 4
  • 5.
    5 What characteristics wereidentifiable for a certain kind of citation style?
  • 6.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Whatis the purpose of using citations? Essential Question 6
  • 7.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-TextCitations in APA Format (7th Edition) Short Quotations ● Include the author, year, and page number ● Introduce the direct quotation with signal phrase that includes author’s last name followed by year of publication in parentheses 7
  • 8.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-TextCitations in APA Format (7th Edition) Short Quotations ● If no signal phrase was used to indicate the author, place the author, year, and page number in parentheses ● Use “p.” to indicate if the quotation was taken from one page of the text ● Use “pp.” if the quotation spans several pages 8
  • 9.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-TextCitations in APA Format (7th Edition) Long Quotations ● 40 words or more ● Quotation starts ½ inch from left margin ● Parenthetical citation follows direct quotation Quotations from Sources Without Page Numbers ● Use another kind of indicator (paragraph number, line number on page, chapter, section, etc.) 9
  • 10.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-TextCitations in APA Format (7th Edition) Citations for Authors ● Two authors: include an “&” in between the names ● Three authors: include et al. after the first author mentioned ● No author: title of the work should be cited 10
  • 11.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-TextCitations in APA Format (7th Edition) Citations for Authors ● Government agency or non-profit organization: mention the name in full for the first time; then abbreviations can be used after ● Multiple citations: list them according to their order in the References page 11
  • 12.
    12 Why should awriter be familiar with the APA citation style?
  • 13.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-TextCitations in APA Format (7th Edition) Further on, he adds that Britain “turned to its own advantage" inter-state competition for mobile capital (Arrighi, 1994, 218) and labels the British regime "cosmopolitan-imperial." He concludes that, "Under the Genoese regime, the world was “discovered” and under the British it was “conquered” (Arrighi, 1994, 219). 13
  • 14.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT LongQuote Citations in APA Format (7th Ed.) People from this generation have already started or are on their way to start their professional careers and can contribute greatly to the labor market, but they may face challenges because of certain unique characteristics. Although they may be innovative, creative, and experts on technology, they are individualistic people with communication issues and lack problem solving skills (Half, 2015, p. 36). 14
  • 15.
    15 Why should footnotesbe limited in APA format?
  • 16.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Footnotesin APA Format (7th Edition) Format ● A number in superscript after the text ● Footnotes found at the bottom of the page ● Possible to also have “Footnotes” page after “References” Footnotes for Content ● Provide supplemental material for readers ● Provide additional references found online for the reader 16
  • 17.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Footnotesin APA Format (7th Edition) Footnotes for Copyright ● If paper has directly quoted more than 500 words from the reference ● Includes the “From” or “Adapted from” in footnotes text 17
  • 18.
    18 Why does awriter have to consider the number of words taken from different sources?
  • 19.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Footnotesin APA Format (7th Edition) The three-dimensionality of the performers bodies and of space are represented two-dimensionally on the PC or a surface serving as projecting screen (see screenshot of World Wide Simultaneous Dance by Laura Knott)3. All three projects that I am going to discuss belong to this category4. _____________________________________________ __________ 3 See http://www.wwsd.org/artifacts/artifacts.html for additional information. 4 See Jenik, Adriene, Desktop Theater. Keyboard Catharsis and the Masking of Roundheads 19
  • 20.
    20 What makes thefootnotes different from the in-text citations for the APA citation style?
  • 21.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Footnotesin APA Format (7th Edition) As dust-jackets do today, the clay envelopes referred to the contents within, although in contrast to the dust- jacket they had to be broken and were destroyed to provide access to the information inside5. _____________________________________________ ________ 5 Denise Schmandt-Besserat’s When writing met art: From symbol to story. Austin, University of Texas Press, 2007. 21
  • 22.
    22 Why should awriter be familiar with the in-text citation format for MLA?
  • 23.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-TextCitations in MLA Format Citing Authors and Works ● Include the author and page number ● Introduce the direct quotation with signal phrase that includes author’s last name followed by the page number ● Two authors: have “and” between the names ● Three or more authors: first author only followed by et al. 23
  • 24.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-TextCitations in MLA Format Short Quotations ● Direct quotation placed in quotation marks and in-text citation placed after the closed quotation mark Long Quotations ● More than 30 lines in length ● Quotation starts in a new line with ½ inch tab from the left margin ● New paragraphs start with an additional ¼ inch tab 24
  • 25.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-TextCitations in MLA Format Adding or Omitting Words ● Adding words: additional words should be contained in a bracket ● Omitting words: omitted words should be replaced with the ellipse and a space (... ) 25
  • 26.
    26 How does theformat of APA and MLA differ from each other?
  • 27.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT ShortQuote Citations in MLA Format Further on, he adds that Britain “turned to its own advantage" inter-state competition for mobile capital (Arrighi 218) and labels the British regime "cosmopolitan-imperial." He concludes that, "Under the Genoese regime, the world was “discovered” and under the British it was “conquered” (Arrighi 219). 27
  • 28.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT LongQuote Citations in MLA Format There is nothing to talk about over and above the totality of the [actual] concrete particular facts. And science is the business of producing the most compact and informative possible summary of that totality. And the components of that summary are called laws of nature (23– 24). 28
  • 29.
    29 What is thedistinctive characteristic of the MLA in-text citation?
  • 30.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-TextCitations in MLA Format People from this generation have already started or are on their way to start their professional careers and can leave a great contribution in the labor market, but they may face challenges because of their unique characteristics. Although they may be innovative, creative and technology experts, they are individualistic people with communication issues and lack problem solving skills (Half 36). 30
  • 31.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT In-TextCitations in MLA Format This generation does not have capacity to focus and analyze difficult problems, not being able to work with long term goals (Chun et al. chap. 3). They prefer to work alone or in virtual groups and they present difficulties in vertical organizations (DeLaria et al. 28). In order for these young people to enter the job market better prepared to face these challenges, academic development is essential. 31
  • 32.
    32 How does theendnotes and footnotes of MLA and APA differ from one another?
  • 33.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Endnotesin MLA Format Format ● A number in superscript after the text ● Endnotes found before Works Cited Page ● Used for explanatory or content notes: gives additional information for the text 33
  • 34.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Endnotesin MLA Format Here, the performers corporeality and the scenic space are mediated via telematic media such as videoconferencing systems and web cams. The three-dimensionality of the performers bodies and of space are represented two- dimensionally on the PC or a surface serving as projecting screen (see screenshot of World Wide Simultaneous Dance by Laura Knott)3. __________________________________________________________________ ____________ 3 http://www.wwsd.org/artifacts/artifacts.html 34
  • 35.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Endnotesin MLA Format This telematically mediated status of the performers corporeality is called telepresence and together with the notion of liveness a highly controversial topic in the state-of-the-art discussion on performance and new media4. __________________________________________________________________ ____________ 4 Among others see Phelan, Peggy: Unmarked. The Politics of Performance. London: Routledge, 1993. And Auslander, Philip: Liveness: Performance in a Mediatized Culture. London: Routledge, 1999. 35
  • 36.
    36 What is distinctiveof the endnotes of the MLA citation style?
  • 37.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Endnotesin MLA Format As dust-jackets do today, the clay envelopes referred to the contents within, although in contrast to the dust- jacket they had to be broken and were destroyed to provide access to the information inside5. _____________________________________________ ______ 5 A detailed historical description of the development of writing which grew out of the use of tokens and their impressions on clay envelopes surrounding them, is found in Denise Schmandt-Besserat’s When writing met art: From symbol to story. Austin, University of Texas Press, 2007. 37
  • 38.
    38 What is thedisadvantage of using MLA endnotes in a paper?
  • 39.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Author-Date(AD) Style in CMOS Citing Authors and Works ● Include the author, publication date, and page number ● No comma between author and date; place a comma between date and page number(s) ● In-text citation placed directly after the direct quotations or paraphrased content 39
  • 40.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Author-Date(AD) Style in CMOS Short Quotations ● Quotation placed in quotation marks ● In-text citation comes after the closed quotation mark and before any punctuation 40
  • 41.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Author-Date(AD) Style in CMOS Long Quotations ● Block paragraph style is used ● Quotation starts on a new line with ½ inch indention from the left ● In-text citation comes after the quotation; if author is mentioned in the introductory statement, cite only the date and page numbers 41
  • 42.
    42 How does theAD format of CMOS differ from the in-text citations of APA and MLA?
  • 43.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Author-Date(AD) Style in CMOS Further on, he adds that Britain “turned to its own advantage" inter-state competition for mobile capital (Arrighi 1994, 218) and labels the British regime "cosmopolitan-imperial." He concludes that, "Under the Genoese regime, the world was “discovered” and under the British it was “conquered” (Arrighi 1994, 219). 43
  • 44.
    44 What is adistinctive characteristic of the AD style?
  • 45.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Author-Date(AD) Style in CMOS Loewer takes the laws of nature to be given by the three posits of the Mentaculus (along with a few caveats discussed below), and Loewer takes those posits to be descriptions of the actual world. Similarly, Albert claims that the Mentaculus (including the set of worlds it defines) is nothing more than a description of the actual world: 45
  • 46.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Author-Date(AD) Style in CMOS There is nothing to talk about over and above the totality of the [actual] concrete particular facts. And science is the business of producing the most compact and informative possible summary of that totality. And the components of that summary are called laws of nature (2015, 23–24). 46
  • 47.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Notes-Bibliography(NB) Style in CMOS Citing Authors and Works ● Include the author, publication date, and page number ● No comma between author and date; place a comma between date and page number(s) ● In-text citation placed directly after the direct quotations or paraphrased content 47
  • 48.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Notes-Bibliography(NB) Style in CMOS Further on, he adds that Britain “turned to its own advantage" inter-state competition for mobile capital2 and labels the British regime "cosmopolitan-imperial." He concludes that, "Under the Genoese regime, the world was “discovered” and under the British it was “conquered.”3 _____________________________________________ ___________ 2 Arrighi, G. The Long Twentieth Century, 1994, p. 218 3 Arrighi, G. The Long Twentieth Century, 1994, p. 219 48
  • 49.
    49 What is anadvantage of using the NB style in writing?
  • 50.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Notes-Bibliography(NB) Style in CMOS There is nothing to talk about over and above the totality of the [actual] concrete particular facts. And science is the business of producing the most compact and informative possible summary of that totality. And the components of that summary are called laws of nature2. _____________________________________________ ___________ 2 Albert, D., After Physics, 2015, pp. 23-24 50
  • 51.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Notes-Bibliography(NB) Style in CMOS This generation does not have capacity to focus and analyze difficult problems, not being able to work with long term goals2. They prefer to work alone or in virtual groups and they present difficulties in vertical organizations3. In order for these young people to enter the job market better prepared to face these challenges, academic development is essential. _________________________________________________ ____________ 2 Chun, C. et al., Teaching Generation Z at the University of Hawaii, 2015, chap. 3 3 DeLaria, et al., Educational Researcher, 2015, p. 28 51
  • 52.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Utilizea Different Style of Citation 52 Find one research study and pick a part of the article which contains in- text citations. First, identify the style used in the research. Then, rewrite the passage using another style of in-text citation.
  • 53.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Howdid you determine the kind of citations used in the research? 53
  • 54.
    ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT ENGAGEXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT 1. What is the format for MLA in-text citations? 2. What is the function of content footnotes for MLA? 3. Why should a writer format the different kinds of citations correctly? Question 54
  • 55.
    Wrap Up The formatfor in-text citations in APA utilizes the author-date-page number(s). The format for in-text citations in MLA utilizes the author-page number(s). 55
  • 56.
    Wrap Up The formatfor AD for CMOS utilizes author-date-page number(s), but CMOS also allows writers to utilize NB, where all references are found in either the footnotes or endnotes. 56
  • 57.
    Wrap Up Footnotes andendnotes for APA and MLA should be limited and are usually used for additional content for other references. 57
  • 58.
    Photo Credit 58 ● Slide2: Footnotes by Hedwig von Ebbel is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via WikiMedia Commons.
  • 59.
    Bibliography 59 Bahar, Yudi Nugraha,Jérémie Landrieu, Christian Pere, and Christophe Nicolle. 2014. "Simulation And Visualization Of Thermal Metaphor In A Virtual Environment For Thermal Building Assessment". International Journal Of Technology 5 (1): 3. doi:10.14716/ijtech.v5i1.148. Fizek, Sonia. “Why Fun Matters: In Search of Emergent Playful Experiences.” In Rethinking Gamification, 273–287. Germany: meson press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.14619/001. Goldblatt, Cullen. “Setting Readers at Sea: Fatou Diome’s Ventre De l’Atlantique.” Tydskrif Vir Letterkunde 56, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 89–101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.56i1.6275. Meinawati, Euis, Herlin Widasiwi Setianingrum, Jimmi Jimmi, and Eggi Winata. “Social Relationships of the Main Characters in Rowling's Fantastic Beast and Where to Find Them.” Research and Innovation in Language Learning 2, no. 2 (May 2019): 85–100. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/rill.v2i2.2074. Murray, Jeffrey. “Classical Dialogue: Allusion and Intertextuality in Charl-Pierre Naudé’s Against the Light.” Tydskrif Vir Letterkunde 49, no. 2 (March 22, 2012): 25–33. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tvl.v49i2.2.
  • 60.
    Bibliography 60 Purdue Lab. 2020."Chicago Manual Of Style 17th Edition // Purdue Writing Lab". Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/chicago_manual_17th_edition/cmos_formatting_an d_style_guide/chicago_manual_of_style_17th_edition.html. Purdue Lab. 2020. "Footnotes And Endnotes // Purdue Writing Lab". Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/footnote s_and_endnotes.html. Purdue Lab. 2020. "In-Text Citations: Author/Authors // Purdue Writing Lab". Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_ citations_author_authors.html. Purdue Lab. 2020. "In-Text Citations: The Basics // Purdue Writing Lab". Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_ citations_the_basics.html. Purdue Lab. 2020. "MLA Endnotes And Footnotes // Purdue Writing Lab". Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_end notes_and_footnotes.html.
  • 61.
    Bibliography 61 Purdue Lab. 2020."MLA Formatting Quotations // Purdue Writing Lab". Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_for matting_quotations.html. Rufino, Paolo. “From Engagement to Life, Or: How to do things with Gamification?.” In Rethinking Gamification, 47–70. Germany: meson press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.14619/001. Schrape, Niklas. “Gamification and Governmentality.” In Rethinking Gamification, 21–46. Germany: meson press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.14619/001. Sonoda, Midori. “The Teaching of Music History in Japanese Music Education.” Musica Docta 4, no. 1 (2014): 111–19. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2039-9715/4314. Taylor, Jim. 2007. "Buddhism, Copying, And The Art Of The Imagination In Thailand". Journal Of Global Buddhism 8 (1-19).

Editor's Notes

  • #7 Helps writers categorize main points Organize paragraphs so they make sense Ensure that paragraphs are fully developed
  • #29 This is a long quotation
  • #47 This is a long quotation
  • #55 Answer: The author and page number is found in parentheses. This kind of footnote gives brief and additional information about the concept discussed in the text. MOdel answer: It is best to format the citation correctly, as it helps readers identify research topics and areas, as well as it helps readers identify the authors, publication years, and the exact location of the information which is being referenced.