Grid Connected Distributed Generation System with High Voltage Gain Cascaded ...IJECEIAES
The paper presents distributed generation (DG) system in grid connected mode of operation with asymmetric multi-level inverter (AMLI) topology. Cascaded type DC-DC converter is employed to feed proposed AMLI topology. The DG output voltage (generally low voltage) is stepped up to the required level of voltage using high-gain DC-DC converter. Proposed AMLI topology consists of capacitors at the primary side. The output of high-gain DC-DC converter is fed to split voltage balance single-input multi-output (SIMO) circuit to maintain voltage balance across capacitors of AMLI topology. Cascaded DC-DC converters (both high-gain converter and SIMO circuit) are operated in closed-loop mode. The proposed AMLI feeds active power to grid converting DC type of power generated from DG to AC type to feed the grid. PWM pattern to trigger power switches of AMLI is also presented. The inverting circuit of MLI topology is controlled using simplified I d -I q control strategy in this paper. With the proposed control theory, the active power fed to grid from DG is controlled and power factor is maintained at unity. The proposed system of DG integration to grid through cascaded DC-DC converters and AMLI structure is validated from fixed active power to grid from DG condition. The proposed system is developed and results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
One of the preferred choices of electronic power conversion for high power applications are multilevel inverters topologies finding increased attention in industry. Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter is one of these topologies reaching the higher output voltage, power level and higher reliability due to its modular topology. Level Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation (LSCPWM) and Phase Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation are used generally for switching cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverters. This paper compares LSCPWM and PSCPWM in terms of total harmonics distortion (THD) and output voltage among inverter cells. Simulation for 21-level CHB inverter is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK and simulation results are presented.
The PEM Fuel Cell System with DC/DC Boost Converter: Design, Modeling and Sim...IDES Editor
The fuel cells are considered as one of the most
promising devices for standalone/grid connected distributed
generations (DGs) due to its cleanliness, modularity and
higher potential capability. The barriers in the widespread
use of fuel cells are their slow response for sudden load
changes and higher installation cost. In this paper a
simulation study of dynamic behavior of NexaTM 1.2kW
PEM fuel cell with DC/DC boost converter is carried out for
compact design of PCU. The necessity for the requirement
of boost converter compared with cascaded two stack fuel
cell model is also addressed. Moreover the performance of
the simple DC/DC boost converter as power modulator for
NexaTM 1.2kW PEM fuel cell model is analyzed for varying
loads in order to control power flow for enhanced
performance.
Recently, Re-boost seven-level inverter has been developed as an alternative between Photovoltaic system and single-phase load. DC level is increased using a re-boost regulator and its output is rehabilitated into single-phase AC utilizing a seven-level inverter. The re-boost converter is utilized to escalate the voltage gain. The objective of the suggested closed loop Re-boost Seven Level Inverter fed Induction Motor (RBSLIIM) system is to enhance the dynamic response of RBSLIIM using FO-P-I-D controller. Simulink models are developed for P-I and FO-P-I-D controlled RBSLIIM systems. The results of P-I and FO-P-I-D based RBSLIIM systems indicate that the voltage response with FO-P-I-D is superior to P-I controlled RBSLIIM system.
Comparative Study of Three Phase Grid Connected Photovoltaic Inverter Using P...IJPEDS-IAES
A comparative study of three phase grid connected photovoltaic (PV)
inverter using Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and Fuzzy logic controller
(FLC) is presented in this paper. Proposed three phase inverter with single DC
source employing three phase transformer for grid connected PV system
controlled by using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique.
PI and FLC are used as current controller for regulating the current. Perturb and
observe maximum power point technique (MPPT) is used for tracking of
maximum power from the PV panel. Finally total harmonic distortion (THD)
comparison made between two controllers for validation of results.
Furthermore swithing losses of inverter are also presented. The simulation
results are obtained using MATLAB simulink.
Performance Analysis of DC Micro Grid with PV-Fuel Cell Hybrid GenerationIJMREMJournal
Conventional energy resources are being replaced by Renewable energy sources mainly due to increasing
environmental concerns. Photovoltaic (PV) and Fuel cell (FC) are suitable to be used in modern DC microgrids
due to their DC output. In this research work, a DC microgrid structure is proposed for small residential areas
using hybrid PV and FC generation. Power Electronic converters are used to regulate generated voltage of the
two sources for integration to a common DC bus. Proposed system is simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK to
observe its performance. Simulation results show that output voltage is properly maintained at different DC
Grid Connected Distributed Generation System with High Voltage Gain Cascaded ...IJECEIAES
The paper presents distributed generation (DG) system in grid connected mode of operation with asymmetric multi-level inverter (AMLI) topology. Cascaded type DC-DC converter is employed to feed proposed AMLI topology. The DG output voltage (generally low voltage) is stepped up to the required level of voltage using high-gain DC-DC converter. Proposed AMLI topology consists of capacitors at the primary side. The output of high-gain DC-DC converter is fed to split voltage balance single-input multi-output (SIMO) circuit to maintain voltage balance across capacitors of AMLI topology. Cascaded DC-DC converters (both high-gain converter and SIMO circuit) are operated in closed-loop mode. The proposed AMLI feeds active power to grid converting DC type of power generated from DG to AC type to feed the grid. PWM pattern to trigger power switches of AMLI is also presented. The inverting circuit of MLI topology is controlled using simplified I d -I q control strategy in this paper. With the proposed control theory, the active power fed to grid from DG is controlled and power factor is maintained at unity. The proposed system of DG integration to grid through cascaded DC-DC converters and AMLI structure is validated from fixed active power to grid from DG condition. The proposed system is developed and results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
One of the preferred choices of electronic power conversion for high power applications are multilevel inverters topologies finding increased attention in industry. Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter is one of these topologies reaching the higher output voltage, power level and higher reliability due to its modular topology. Level Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation (LSCPWM) and Phase Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation are used generally for switching cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverters. This paper compares LSCPWM and PSCPWM in terms of total harmonics distortion (THD) and output voltage among inverter cells. Simulation for 21-level CHB inverter is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK and simulation results are presented.
The PEM Fuel Cell System with DC/DC Boost Converter: Design, Modeling and Sim...IDES Editor
The fuel cells are considered as one of the most
promising devices for standalone/grid connected distributed
generations (DGs) due to its cleanliness, modularity and
higher potential capability. The barriers in the widespread
use of fuel cells are their slow response for sudden load
changes and higher installation cost. In this paper a
simulation study of dynamic behavior of NexaTM 1.2kW
PEM fuel cell with DC/DC boost converter is carried out for
compact design of PCU. The necessity for the requirement
of boost converter compared with cascaded two stack fuel
cell model is also addressed. Moreover the performance of
the simple DC/DC boost converter as power modulator for
NexaTM 1.2kW PEM fuel cell model is analyzed for varying
loads in order to control power flow for enhanced
performance.
Recently, Re-boost seven-level inverter has been developed as an alternative between Photovoltaic system and single-phase load. DC level is increased using a re-boost regulator and its output is rehabilitated into single-phase AC utilizing a seven-level inverter. The re-boost converter is utilized to escalate the voltage gain. The objective of the suggested closed loop Re-boost Seven Level Inverter fed Induction Motor (RBSLIIM) system is to enhance the dynamic response of RBSLIIM using FO-P-I-D controller. Simulink models are developed for P-I and FO-P-I-D controlled RBSLIIM systems. The results of P-I and FO-P-I-D based RBSLIIM systems indicate that the voltage response with FO-P-I-D is superior to P-I controlled RBSLIIM system.
Comparative Study of Three Phase Grid Connected Photovoltaic Inverter Using P...IJPEDS-IAES
A comparative study of three phase grid connected photovoltaic (PV)
inverter using Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and Fuzzy logic controller
(FLC) is presented in this paper. Proposed three phase inverter with single DC
source employing three phase transformer for grid connected PV system
controlled by using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique.
PI and FLC are used as current controller for regulating the current. Perturb and
observe maximum power point technique (MPPT) is used for tracking of
maximum power from the PV panel. Finally total harmonic distortion (THD)
comparison made between two controllers for validation of results.
Furthermore swithing losses of inverter are also presented. The simulation
results are obtained using MATLAB simulink.
Performance Analysis of DC Micro Grid with PV-Fuel Cell Hybrid GenerationIJMREMJournal
Conventional energy resources are being replaced by Renewable energy sources mainly due to increasing
environmental concerns. Photovoltaic (PV) and Fuel cell (FC) are suitable to be used in modern DC microgrids
due to their DC output. In this research work, a DC microgrid structure is proposed for small residential areas
using hybrid PV and FC generation. Power Electronic converters are used to regulate generated voltage of the
two sources for integration to a common DC bus. Proposed system is simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK to
observe its performance. Simulation results show that output voltage is properly maintained at different DC
Time Response enhancement utilizing photovoltaic based cascaded Landsman Converter (LC) structure is one of the soft strategies in the recent scenario. The prime function of a DC-DC Landsman converter is to optimize the output power of the photovoltaic array and reduce the output voltage ripples. This paper reveals the demonstration and simulation of the Cascaded Landsman Converter Inverter System (CLCIS) with a PV source. MATLAB Simulink-model for CLCIS has been created utilizing the components of Simulink and closed-loop examinations are performed with PI and Fractional-Order-PID (FOPID) Controllers. The present work deal with the comparison of transient and steady-state time responses of CLCIS with PI and FOPID controllers. The outcomes demonstrate that dynamic reaction is enhanced by utilizing FOPID controller.
This paper provides a new approach to reducing high-order harmonics in 400 Hz inverter using a three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) converter. A voltage control loop using the harmonic compensation combined with NPC clamping diode control technology. The capacitor voltage imbalance also causes harmonics in the output voltage. For 400 Hz inverter, maintain a balanced voltage between the two input (direct current) (DC) capacitors is difficult because the pulse width modulation (PWM) modulation frequency ratio is low compared to the frequency of the output voltage. A method of determining the current flowing into the capacitor to control the voltage on the two balanced capacitors to ensure fast response reversal is also given in this paper. The combination of a high-harmonic resonator controller and a neutral-point voltage controller working together on the 400 Hz NPC inverter structure is given in this paper.
This work highlights a modular power conditioning system (PCS) in photovoltaic (PV) applications which consists with a DC-DC converter. The converter is able to regulate and amplify the input DC voltage produced by the PV panal. The implementation of Mosfet as bidirectional switch on the converter yields greater conversion ratio and better voltage regulation than a conventional DC-DC step up converter and PWM resonant converter. It also reduces the switching losses on the output DC voltage of the converter, as the MOSFET switches on primary winding of converter switch on under ZVS conditions. The proposed resonant converter has been designed, with the modification of series resonant converter and PWM boost converter that utilizes the high frequency of AC bidirectional switch to eliminate the weaknesses of used converters. The topology of the proposed converter includes the mode of operations, designing procedure and components selection of the new converter elements. This topology provides a DC output voltage to the inverter at range of about 120Vac-208 Vac.
Hybrid energy storage system control analogous to power quality enhancement o...IJECEIAES
Increasing nonlinear loads and power electronic converters lead to various power quality issues in microgrids (MGs). The interlinking converters (ILCs) can participate in these systems to harmonic control and power quality enhancement. However, ILC participation deteriorates the dc link voltage, system stability, and storage lifetime due to oscillatory current phenomena. To address these problems, a new control strategy for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is proposed to eliminate the adverse effects of the harmonic control operation of ILC. Specifically, battery and super-capacitor (SC) are used as HESSs that provide low and high power frequency load, respectively. The proposed strategy tries to compensate the current oscillation imposed by ILC with fuzzy control of HESS. In this method, a proportional-resonant (PR) controller integrated with harmonic compensator (HC) is employed to control the ILC for power quality enhancement and oscillatory current elimination. The main advantages of the proposed strategy are to reduce DGs power fluctuations, precise DC bus voltage regulation for generation and load disturbances, improved grid power quality under nonlinear load and transition conditions. The performance of the proposed method for isolated and grid-connected modes is verified using simulation studies in the MATLAB software environment.
Design and Simulation of Efficient DC-DC Converter Topology for a Solar PV Mo...Sajin Ismail
Modulated Integrated Converter systems are considered to be the new and global turning point in the field of
Solar PV systems. These converters are highly recognised for its modular size and compact nature and they are supposed to
be attached directly with each PV module and since one PV module is having the power rating of a few watts ranging from
0-500Ws, the design rating would be in the same range and thus the most vital condition in such a design is efficiency
under these relatively low loads. In this paper an isolated interleaved boost converter topology is considered in the DC-DC
section and which is designed and simulated for a specific power rating (250W) and the efficiency is analysed with varying
load conditions and compared with the target efficiency of the system.
Power management by using multiport dc – dc converter for renewable energyeSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper proposes, power management of different types of renewable energy source is controlled by multiport DC-DC
converter. In this each port of the converter is connected with controller switch to control the source input of converter. This is
reduces the turn off switching losses by soft switching. The high frequency switches are used to control the power flow. This
converter is proposed to control the hybrid energy generating system, with the ability of bidirectional power flow between battery
and load. The diode bridge rectifier is applicable for high switching frequency operation with realizable component compare with
existing converter. The efficiency of the converter is verified through MATLAB simulation. The operation and design performance
is explained briefly. The proposed converter has reliability operate simultaneous power generation from different renewable
energy source. Fuzzy controller controls the direction of power flow and load voltage of the converter.
Keywords: Isolator, high frequency link, soft switching, multiport converter, PV panel, wind turbine generator (WTG
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL BASED GRID INTEGRATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEM USING...IAEME Publication
This paper discourse about design and modeling of distributed Photovoltaic power system using a 11 Level Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter for the purpose of grid integration. The MOSFET switches helps in power quality improvement by decreasing the Total Harmonic Distortion using multilevel inverter. The proposed grid connected Power System has been designed and analyzed in MATLAB Simulink environment. Fuzzy Logic based Intelligent Controller has been implemented for voltage regulation at Point of Common Coupling of Grid connected PV Power System. Obtained results from Simulation model and compared with IEEE Standard 1547 for endorsing the effectiveness of the proposed system.
High Proficiency Grid ConnectedPhotovoltaic Power Generation SystemIJRES Journal
Solar energy hasbecomepopular nowadays and desire for clean energy. Since the solar radiation on no occasion remains constant,it keeps on insecure throughout the day. The need of the hour is to distribute a constant voltage to the grid irrespective of the deviation in temperatures and solar insolation. The inverter is designed from a boost converter along with a line frequency. The voltage from the boost converter is fedto the grid through inverter. In this proposed method high efficiency can be achievedby using only one switch functioning at high frequency at a time. The converter uses IGBT and ultra-fast reverse recovery diode. The simulation and experiment results are verified using MATLAB/Simulink software.
High gain dc-dc step up converters have been used in renewable energy systems, for example, photovoltaic grid connected system and fuel cell power plant to step up the low level dc voltage to a high level dc bus voltage. If the conventional boost converter is to meet this demand, it should be operated at an extreme duty cycle (duty cycle closes to unity), which will cause electromagnetic interference, reverse recovery problem and conduction loss at the power switches. This paper proposes a class of non-isolated dc-dc step up converters which provide very high voltage gain at a small duty cycle (duty cycle < 0.5). Firstly, the converter topologies are derived based on active switched inductor network and combination of active and passive switched inductor networks; secondly, the modes of operation of proposed active switched inductor converter and combined active and passive switched inductor converter are illustrated; thirdly, the performance of the proposed converters are analyzed mathematically in details and compared with conventional boost converter. Finally, the analysis is verified by simulation results.
Power system Projects, Power electronics projects, Control system projects,
MSR PROJECTS ( Now as a MSR EDUSOFT PVT LTD),
#503,Annapurna Block, beside mytrivanam, Adhithya Enclave, Ameerpet, HYD-38.
E-mail: msrprojectshyd@gmail.com,
Web: www.msrprojectshyd.com , facebook.com/msrprojects ,
Ring on: 040 66334142, +91 9581464142.
Branches: Hyderabad ( Ameerpet | Dilsuknagar) | Kurnool
The transient and steady state analysis of Modified Three Phase Multilevel Inverter (MMLI) for Photovoltaic (PV) system fed from single DC input is presented in this paper. The transient and Steady state conditions of modified three phase multilevel inverter are analyzed using Proportional Integral (PI) and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) with change in irradiance level of PV panels. The three phase multilevel inverter is designed with reduce number of power semiconductor switches, components, single DC input and effectively controlled by using Space Vector Pulse width Modulation technique (SVPWM). The obtained results are validated using MATLAB/ Simulink.Finaly, semiconductor switches and componets utilization of MMLI is compared with other similar topologies.
Time Response enhancement utilizing photovoltaic based cascaded Landsman Converter (LC) structure is one of the soft strategies in the recent scenario. The prime function of a DC-DC Landsman converter is to optimize the output power of the photovoltaic array and reduce the output voltage ripples. This paper reveals the demonstration and simulation of the Cascaded Landsman Converter Inverter System (CLCIS) with a PV source. MATLAB Simulink-model for CLCIS has been created utilizing the components of Simulink and closed-loop examinations are performed with PI and Fractional-Order-PID (FOPID) Controllers. The present work deal with the comparison of transient and steady-state time responses of CLCIS with PI and FOPID controllers. The outcomes demonstrate that dynamic reaction is enhanced by utilizing FOPID controller.
This paper provides a new approach to reducing high-order harmonics in 400 Hz inverter using a three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) converter. A voltage control loop using the harmonic compensation combined with NPC clamping diode control technology. The capacitor voltage imbalance also causes harmonics in the output voltage. For 400 Hz inverter, maintain a balanced voltage between the two input (direct current) (DC) capacitors is difficult because the pulse width modulation (PWM) modulation frequency ratio is low compared to the frequency of the output voltage. A method of determining the current flowing into the capacitor to control the voltage on the two balanced capacitors to ensure fast response reversal is also given in this paper. The combination of a high-harmonic resonator controller and a neutral-point voltage controller working together on the 400 Hz NPC inverter structure is given in this paper.
This work highlights a modular power conditioning system (PCS) in photovoltaic (PV) applications which consists with a DC-DC converter. The converter is able to regulate and amplify the input DC voltage produced by the PV panal. The implementation of Mosfet as bidirectional switch on the converter yields greater conversion ratio and better voltage regulation than a conventional DC-DC step up converter and PWM resonant converter. It also reduces the switching losses on the output DC voltage of the converter, as the MOSFET switches on primary winding of converter switch on under ZVS conditions. The proposed resonant converter has been designed, with the modification of series resonant converter and PWM boost converter that utilizes the high frequency of AC bidirectional switch to eliminate the weaknesses of used converters. The topology of the proposed converter includes the mode of operations, designing procedure and components selection of the new converter elements. This topology provides a DC output voltage to the inverter at range of about 120Vac-208 Vac.
Hybrid energy storage system control analogous to power quality enhancement o...IJECEIAES
Increasing nonlinear loads and power electronic converters lead to various power quality issues in microgrids (MGs). The interlinking converters (ILCs) can participate in these systems to harmonic control and power quality enhancement. However, ILC participation deteriorates the dc link voltage, system stability, and storage lifetime due to oscillatory current phenomena. To address these problems, a new control strategy for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is proposed to eliminate the adverse effects of the harmonic control operation of ILC. Specifically, battery and super-capacitor (SC) are used as HESSs that provide low and high power frequency load, respectively. The proposed strategy tries to compensate the current oscillation imposed by ILC with fuzzy control of HESS. In this method, a proportional-resonant (PR) controller integrated with harmonic compensator (HC) is employed to control the ILC for power quality enhancement and oscillatory current elimination. The main advantages of the proposed strategy are to reduce DGs power fluctuations, precise DC bus voltage regulation for generation and load disturbances, improved grid power quality under nonlinear load and transition conditions. The performance of the proposed method for isolated and grid-connected modes is verified using simulation studies in the MATLAB software environment.
Design and Simulation of Efficient DC-DC Converter Topology for a Solar PV Mo...Sajin Ismail
Modulated Integrated Converter systems are considered to be the new and global turning point in the field of
Solar PV systems. These converters are highly recognised for its modular size and compact nature and they are supposed to
be attached directly with each PV module and since one PV module is having the power rating of a few watts ranging from
0-500Ws, the design rating would be in the same range and thus the most vital condition in such a design is efficiency
under these relatively low loads. In this paper an isolated interleaved boost converter topology is considered in the DC-DC
section and which is designed and simulated for a specific power rating (250W) and the efficiency is analysed with varying
load conditions and compared with the target efficiency of the system.
Power management by using multiport dc – dc converter for renewable energyeSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper proposes, power management of different types of renewable energy source is controlled by multiport DC-DC
converter. In this each port of the converter is connected with controller switch to control the source input of converter. This is
reduces the turn off switching losses by soft switching. The high frequency switches are used to control the power flow. This
converter is proposed to control the hybrid energy generating system, with the ability of bidirectional power flow between battery
and load. The diode bridge rectifier is applicable for high switching frequency operation with realizable component compare with
existing converter. The efficiency of the converter is verified through MATLAB simulation. The operation and design performance
is explained briefly. The proposed converter has reliability operate simultaneous power generation from different renewable
energy source. Fuzzy controller controls the direction of power flow and load voltage of the converter.
Keywords: Isolator, high frequency link, soft switching, multiport converter, PV panel, wind turbine generator (WTG
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL BASED GRID INTEGRATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEM USING...IAEME Publication
This paper discourse about design and modeling of distributed Photovoltaic power system using a 11 Level Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter for the purpose of grid integration. The MOSFET switches helps in power quality improvement by decreasing the Total Harmonic Distortion using multilevel inverter. The proposed grid connected Power System has been designed and analyzed in MATLAB Simulink environment. Fuzzy Logic based Intelligent Controller has been implemented for voltage regulation at Point of Common Coupling of Grid connected PV Power System. Obtained results from Simulation model and compared with IEEE Standard 1547 for endorsing the effectiveness of the proposed system.
High Proficiency Grid ConnectedPhotovoltaic Power Generation SystemIJRES Journal
Solar energy hasbecomepopular nowadays and desire for clean energy. Since the solar radiation on no occasion remains constant,it keeps on insecure throughout the day. The need of the hour is to distribute a constant voltage to the grid irrespective of the deviation in temperatures and solar insolation. The inverter is designed from a boost converter along with a line frequency. The voltage from the boost converter is fedto the grid through inverter. In this proposed method high efficiency can be achievedby using only one switch functioning at high frequency at a time. The converter uses IGBT and ultra-fast reverse recovery diode. The simulation and experiment results are verified using MATLAB/Simulink software.
High gain dc-dc step up converters have been used in renewable energy systems, for example, photovoltaic grid connected system and fuel cell power plant to step up the low level dc voltage to a high level dc bus voltage. If the conventional boost converter is to meet this demand, it should be operated at an extreme duty cycle (duty cycle closes to unity), which will cause electromagnetic interference, reverse recovery problem and conduction loss at the power switches. This paper proposes a class of non-isolated dc-dc step up converters which provide very high voltage gain at a small duty cycle (duty cycle < 0.5). Firstly, the converter topologies are derived based on active switched inductor network and combination of active and passive switched inductor networks; secondly, the modes of operation of proposed active switched inductor converter and combined active and passive switched inductor converter are illustrated; thirdly, the performance of the proposed converters are analyzed mathematically in details and compared with conventional boost converter. Finally, the analysis is verified by simulation results.
Power system Projects, Power electronics projects, Control system projects,
MSR PROJECTS ( Now as a MSR EDUSOFT PVT LTD),
#503,Annapurna Block, beside mytrivanam, Adhithya Enclave, Ameerpet, HYD-38.
E-mail: msrprojectshyd@gmail.com,
Web: www.msrprojectshyd.com , facebook.com/msrprojects ,
Ring on: 040 66334142, +91 9581464142.
Branches: Hyderabad ( Ameerpet | Dilsuknagar) | Kurnool
The transient and steady state analysis of Modified Three Phase Multilevel Inverter (MMLI) for Photovoltaic (PV) system fed from single DC input is presented in this paper. The transient and Steady state conditions of modified three phase multilevel inverter are analyzed using Proportional Integral (PI) and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) with change in irradiance level of PV panels. The three phase multilevel inverter is designed with reduce number of power semiconductor switches, components, single DC input and effectively controlled by using Space Vector Pulse width Modulation technique (SVPWM). The obtained results are validated using MATLAB/ Simulink.Finaly, semiconductor switches and componets utilization of MMLI is compared with other similar topologies.
A non-isolated tri-port converter is a fully compact and functional system by the integration of basic converters. This can be used for renewable energy applications. This converter is capable of achieving different switching patterns of power flow between the source and load, interfaced sources of various voltage and current levels with the dc grid. This tri-port converter has to be used for continuous power distribution of rechargeable battery, photovoltaic panels and load. Due to the implementation of this dc-dc converter some operations like buck, boost and buck-boost operations became easy. Use of this converter helps in easy implementation of the system. The solar PV panel implementation boosts the system to a high level and bidirectional flow became easy from source to load and vice versa.
Implementation of a Voltage Multiplier based on High Step-up Converter using FLCIJMTST Journal
A Front end of the Photovoltaic Solar Panel is been proposed based on Step-Up Converter. The use of
distributed energy resources is increasingly being pursued as a supplement and an alternative to large
conventional central power stations. The specification of a power electronic interface is subject to
requirements related not only to the renewable energy source itself but also to its effects on the power-system
operation, especially where the intermittent energy source constitutes a significant part of the total system
capacity. Implementing a voltage multiplier module, an asymmetrical interleaved high step-up converter
obtains high step-up gain without operating at an extreme duty ratio. The voltage multiplier module is
composed of a conventional boost converter and coupled inductors. An extra conventional boost converter is
integrated into the first phase to achieve a considerably higher voltage conversion ratio. The two-phase
configuration not only reduces the current stress through each power switch, but also constrains the input
current ripple, which decreases the conduction losses of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors.
In addition, the proposed converter functions as an active clamp circuit, which alleviates large voltage spikes
across the power switches. Finally, the simulation circuitry with a 40V input voltage and 230V output voltage
is operated to verify its performance analysis with respect to the Fuzzy Logic Controller. The highest
efficiency is 97.75%.
Performance numerical evaluation of modified single-ended primary-inductor c...IJECEIAES
Single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) was considered a good alternative to a DC-DC converter for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The SEPIC converter can operate with an input voltage greater or less than the regulated output voltage, or as a step-up or step-down. As a step-up converter, SEPIC boosts PV voltage to specific levels. However, gain limitation and voltage stress continue to reduce the efficiency of conventional SEPIC converters. Because of this, researchers created a modified SEPIC converter to improve performance. In this paper, six modified SEPIC converters were compared and evaluated. To compare fairly, all modified SEPIC converters are nonisolated and use a single switch. Power simulator (PSIM) software was used to simulate each converter with a BISOL BMO-250 PV module and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) P&O controller. The converter with the highest static voltage gain and lowest duty cycle has been identified. It results in up to ten times voltage increment with a 0.8-duty ratio. All topologies have the same voltage stress, with maximum and minimum values of 30.1 and 29.5 V, respectively. On the other hand, each topology produces different average efficiencies, with the highest and lowest efficiency at 99.5% and 97.2%, respectively.
Hardware Implementation of Solar Based Boost to SEPIC Converter Fed Nine Leve...IJPEDS-IAES
Multi level inverters are widely used in high power applications because of
low harmonic distortion. This paper deals with the simulation
and implementation of PV based boost to SEPIC converter with multilevel
inverter. The output of PV system is stepped up using boost to sepic
converter and it is converted into AC using a multilevel inverter.
The simulation and experimental results with the R load is presented in this
paper. The FFT analysis is done and the THD values are compared. Boost to
SEPIC converter is proposed to step up the voltage to the required value. The
experimental results are compared with the simulation results. The results
indicate that nine level inverter system has better performance than seven
level inverter system.
Open-Delta VSC Based Voltage Controller in Isolated Power SystemsIJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes a reduced switch voltage source converter (VSC)
topology implemented as a voltage controller in isolated power systems. In
isolated power systems generally self-excited induction generators (SEIG)
are used mainly for their ruggedness and economic reasons. Mostly for
constant power applications such as pico hydro uncontrolled turbine driven
self excited induction generators feeding three-phase loads are employed.
The proposed reduced switch voltage controller is used to regulate and
control the voltage at the generator terminals as it is subjected to voltage
drops, dips or flickers when the isolated power system is subjected to various
critical loads. In this paper the controller is realized using a three-leg fourswitch
insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based current controlled
voltage-source converter (CC-VSC) and a self-supporting dc bus containing
two split capacitors, thus reducing the IGBT count and hence cost. This
reduced switch topology forms an Open-Delta type converter. The proposed
generating system along with the controller is modeled and simulated in
MATLAB along with Simulink and power system blockset (PSB) toolboxes.
The system is simulated and the capability of the isolated generating system
along with the reduced switch based voltage controller is presented here
where the generator feeds linear and non-linear loads are investigated.
DESIGN AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF SEVEN LEVEL CASCADED GRID CONNECTED INVERTE...ijiert bestjournal
This paper presents the simulation analysis of sev en level cascaded grid connected inverter and also compared with five level inverter for %THD for voltage and current by using level shifted PWM techniques. The proposed system are modeled and simulated through computer software tool using MATLAB /SIMULINK. This paper also presen ts the design and development of the seven level cascaded grid connected inverter.The LC filter is also use in the output side to further reduce the THD values.Seven level inverter is utili se as a power converter to inject power generated from pv source to the grid.Multilevel inv erters have been mainly used in medium- or high-power system applications,such as static reac tive power compensation and adjustable-speed drives. In these applications,due to the limitatio ns of the currently available power semiconductor technology.The term multilevel began with the three-level converter. Subsequently,several multilevel converter topologi es have been developed. However,the elementary concept of a multilevel converter to ach ieve higher power is to use a series of power semiconductor switches with several lowerVoltage dc sources to perform the power conversion by synthesizing a staircase voltage waveform. Capac itors,batteries,and renewable energy voltage sources can be used as the multiple dc volt age sources. The commutation of the power switches aggregate these multiple dc sources in ord er to achieve high voltage at the output;however,the rated voltage of the power semiconduct or switches depends only upon the rating of the dc voltage sources to which they are connected Percentage of THD for R,RL,RLC load taken and simulation results analyse and studied an d comparison made between five level and seven level .
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Power Quality Improvement with Multilevel Inverter Based IPQC for MicrogridIJMTST Journal
A micro grid is a hybrid power system consists of several distributed resources and local loads .Now a
days with increasing on a day to day life micro grid plays a vital role in power generation using Renewable
Energy Sources. Usage of power electronic devices in a micro grid results in harmonic generation and leads to
various power quality issues. Inorder to overcome voltage fluctuations and over current a magnetic flux
control based variable reactor is proposed. The performance of IPQC can be verified by using
MATLAB/SIMULINK`
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E1102023442
1. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 11, Issue 2 Ver.II (Mar. – Apr. 2016), PP 34-42
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1676-1102023442 www.iosrjournals.org 34 | Page
A Novel Critical Analysis of Grid Integrated 15-Level Smart
Inverter Topologies Using Various Intelligent Controllers
P. Hemachandu1
, Dr. V. C. Veera Reddy2
1
(Research Scholar, EEE Department, SVUCE, S V University, Tirupati-517502, A.P., INDIA)
2
(Professor, EEE Department, SVUCE, S V University, Tirupati-517502, A.P., INDIA)
Abstract : At present days renewable energy sources are highly utilized for power generation with the
accumulation of demanded supply, several concerns related to environment impacts around the globe. These
resources are naturally replenished with merely renewable for grid/load connected system like as photo-voltaic,
fuel energy, tidal, wind, etc. The grid integrated scheme is interpretation of stand-by strings to co-generation
scheme; adjusts the both FC/PV arrangement as a single unit which is recognized highly with power condition
systems. The arrangement ranges from an output of 100v to 400v from a supply of 0v to 40v, which is integrated
to micro-grid system by using 15-level smart inverter topologies controlled by various intelligent controllers.
Mainly, this controllers forecasts the optimal switching states and modulation index for obtaining improved
output voltages, better harmonic profile, averts the sudden dips. In this work, the proposed scheme supports
perfect sine-voltages which are in phase with current. Finally, a Simulink model is developed to validate the
performance of intended 15-level smart inverter topologies with intelligent controllers are explored by using
Matlab/Simulink tool, results are conferred.
Keywords: Artificial Neuro Fuzzy Inference System, Fuel Cell Stacks, Fuzzy System, Particle Swarm
Optimization, PV Cells, PWM Schemes.
I. Introduction
A co-generation scheme extends the acquired flexibility & splendid scalability for excellent capability
of energy management scheme. Owing to safe, clean, eco-friendly specifications attain by the photo-voltaic
(PV), fuel cell (FC) PV/FC sources are used imperatively for high stability purposes. The prominent power
density is acquired by intermittent creation of PV array & the FC stacks have good dynamic stability, the fast
load changes will be implied by using the co-generation system. The proposed system secures simultaneously
improvement of transient stability, greater modularity, and quality power at grid. High quality low expensive
power generation is most prominent factor for prediction of acute standard of quality life. The necessitated key
factor are ameliorate reliability, incredible efficiency, low cost power, refined quality features, interfacing the
imperative sustainable availability of energy proposes in [1],[2]. The power conditioning interference is very
prominent in grid connected co-power generation scheme due to its conversion of the produced DC power by
PV/FC into AC power & fed this AC power into micro-utility grid system [3]-[4]. Since the outcome voltage of
photo-voltaic/fuel cell is very low, a DC-DC power interface is preferred in a very low range capacity to
integrate the huge outcome voltage, so it can be matched to the DC bus voltage of the inverter structure.
An inductor filter is worn to operate the switching harmonics coming from the inverter, so the
measurement of power loss component is proportional to the aggregation of switched harmonics. So as to
ameliorate the efficiency of over-all conversion process & the changing of voltages in every switching state &
stress of active elements can be reduced by using multi-level inverter [5]-[7]. The power loss originates by the
minimization of inductor filter by attenuating the aggregation of switching harmonics. Consequently, the MLI
technology has been researched over the few years ago. Improvement of efficiency, harmonic reduction, electro-
magnetic interference (EMI) can be attained by higher voltage levels by implementing a advanced multilevel
inverter structures. Classical MLI topologies comprises of neutral point clamped type [8]-[10], balancing flying
capacitor type [11]-[13], & the series/cascaded H-bridge type [14]-[16]. Neutral point clamped & balanced
flying capacitor inverter structures require additional components to acquire the certain voltage levels, it is too
difficult to regulation of several capacitors. Diode clamped type & flying capacitor type requires some
additional switching components and so difficult to produce the asymmetrical voltages.
Asymmetric voltage technique is more preferable in cascaded H-bridge topology, but it requires more
devices for greater the 7-levels. The main affection while utilizing the asymmetric inverter, provides more
number of levels, low number of switches by consisting of unequal DC sources, low complex, low space
requirement, low cost. Several unique multi-level inverter topologies have been explored in [17].
In this paper, novel low switch smart asymmetric MLI topologies-I & II has been investigated by
advanced multi-carrier modulation schemes for micro-grid system via imperative intelligent controllers. The
proposed asymmetric inverter topologies generate 15-levels by series/parallel methodology, classical topology
2. A Novel Critical Analysis of Grid Integrated 15-Level Smart Inverter Topologies Using Various
DOI: 10.9790/1676-1102023442 www.iosrjournals.org 35 | Page
requires only 7 switches for generation of 7-levels and proposed topology-I require only 10 switches for
generation of 15-level output voltage and proposed topology-II requires only 7 switches for same with
optimal/variable switching frequency PWM schemes. The main characteristic of intelligent control objective is
constituted as symbolic path of inference system with high proficiency knowledge. For generation of optimal
ruler, requires the grid voltage, change in voltage, target voltage are tuned effectively for enhanced stability
factor. Several comparative analyses are defined for proposed control schemes over classical schemes in both
topologies. Finally, the validation of the classical & proposed inverter topologies-I, II for micro grid system with
intelligent controllers is evaluated by using Matlab/Simulink platform & pertaining results are conferred.
II. Formal Inverter Topology
Fig.1 depicts the structure of proposed co-generation system with effective control objective with
micro-grid system. The proposed co-generation is comprises of a combination of photo-voltaic array (PV) , fuel
cell stacks (FC), are request to become very attracted generation scheme & mostly preferred for micro-grid
applications due to their efficiency, reliability, tidiness. Although, several FC technologies are available for use
of high range applications, the intended polymer electrolytic membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been working as
a primary candidate because of acute power density when low operating temperature ranges compared to other
FC systems. The co-power generation system is formulated to a micro-grid system via DC-DC converter & a
unique 7-level inverter.
The DC/DC power converter converts the low-level voltage to high level that assimilates to a power
transformer with a transformation ratio of 2:1. The conversion process of PV/FC outcome power into two self-
reliant voltage sources with numerous relationships which are integrated to the inverter, this inverter is
comprises of full-bridge converter with a capacitor selected circuit interfaced in a cascaded form. The power
semiconductor switches of selection circuit evaluate the charge/discharge of the dual capacitors while dual
capacitors are being discharged in series or separately.
Fig.1 Classical 7-Level Inverter Topology
Table I Switching States for both Positive/Negative Cycle Operations of Proposed 7-Level Inverter Topology
No. of Levels SSA SSB S1 S2 S3 S4
Vdc/3 1 0 1 1 0 0
2Vdc/3 0 1 1 1 0 0
Vdc 0 0 1 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 or 1 1 or 0 0 or 1 1 or 0
-Vdc/3 0 0 0 0 1 1
-2Vdc/3 0 1 0 0 1 1
-Vdc 1 0 0 0 1 1
Due to several relationships between the voltages of the dual DC capacitors, the final outcome of the
selection circuit model conveys the 3-level DC voltage. The full-bridge device converts the 3-level DC voltage
into a 7-level AC voltage and that is interfaced with utility voltage with filter inductors. In this process, the
proposed co-generation scheme produces a sinusoidal outcome voltages/currents related to grid voltage & is
interfaced into a grid/utility system. As can be depicted this novel 7-level inverter requires only 6 active
switches. In order to simplify the power conversion circuit which has several advantages such as low
complexity, compact integrated device, low switching loss, incredible efficiency, low cost device. But this
classical topology has dis-advantage that is nothing but, it is restricted to only 7-levels and for more than 7-
levels it was not suited.
3. A Novel Critical Analysis of Grid Integrated 15-Level Smart Inverter Topologies Using Various
DOI: 10.9790/1676-1102023442 www.iosrjournals.org 36 | Page
III. Proposed Smart Inverter Schemes
3.1 Proposed Topology – I
Based on unique disadvantage in classical topology author proposes a new inverter topologies-I, II,
Fig.2 depicts the overall structure of proposed co-generation system with effective control objective for micro
grid system via modern asymmetrical 15-level inverter. This co-generation system comprises of a combination
of fuel cell (FC) stacks, photo-voltaic (PV) arrays are required for attractive power production attitude due to
high reliability incredible efficiency, tidiness. While, stiff power is attained by polymer electrolytic membrane
fuel cell (PEMFC) as a primary candidate under low contrasted temperatures.
The PV/FC outcome power is converted into unique self-reliant voltage sources with myriad
relationships which are interfaced to the power inverter module via high voltage gain DC-DC converter. This
DC link acts as barrier in between these converter modules. The inverter module consists of two different
modules; primary is level generation can be formed as a sub-multiple modules. This module consists of two
switches per module & holds the DC link voltage with several voltage values like Vdc, 2Vdc, 4Vdc, generates
the 7-level DC voltage using 6 switches.
The secondary circuit as a full bridge converter, it converts the 7-level DC voltage into 15 levels AC
voltage as a polarity generation concept. In this process, the proposed system generates a sinusoidal outcome of
both voltage/currents, these are in-phase with each other & related to grid voltage, then interfaced to utility grid
via inductive filters. This converter requires 10 switches for generation of 15-levels, compare to classical
inverters it was so better. But author proposes a new converter topology-II, that have reduced switching devices
that makes system to be low complex, getting high efficiency, low cost, low THD content, etc.
Fig.2 Classical Asymmetrical 15-Level Inverter Topology-I
3.2 Proposed Topology – II
The proposed inverter topology-II consists of coupled inductor turn’s ratio, should be magnified by the
acquired voltage gain and the secondary winding is series connected with respect to a switched capacitor for
enhanced voltage. The Zeta converter is aligned from a M1 coupled inductor with streamed active switch Sa.
The N1 primary winding of a coupled inductor M1 is akin to the source inductor of the classical boost regulator,
barring the diode D1 & capacitor C1. The secondary winding N2 is append with alternate pair of diode D2 &
capacitor C2, all these components are series with N1. The D3 rectified diode interfaces to its outcome capacitor
C3 & DC bus. The characteristics of the Zeta converter are; 1) coupled inductor’s leakage energy is recycled,
restraining the voltage spikes at active switch; high boost voltage gain, low stress, greater efficiency, low cost,
the active switch isolates the co-generation power during non-working conditions, thus prevents the electric
hazards to facilities or human beings.
The classical asymmetrical multilevel inverter topology-I consists of three sources, ten switches, and
the voltage sources Vdc-100v, 2Vdc-200v, 4Vdc-400v produces the 7-level DC voltage by sub-multi cell module,
which is shown in Fig.2. In proposed topology-II comprises of three sources, three balanced diodes, seven
switches, the voltage sources are Vdc-100v, 2Vdc-200v, 4Vdc-400v generates the 7-level DC voltage by sub-multi
cell module, which is shown in Fig.3. The inclusive nature of 15-level outcome voltage is V(t)=Vdc+2Vdc+4Vdc
as 7-level DC voltage by the process of level generation. Level generation is the process, which are reify by
switching the ON/OFF of S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 switches for topology-I and S1, S2, S3 switches for Topology-II.
4. A Novel Critical Analysis of Grid Integrated 15-Level Smart Inverter Topologies Using Various
DOI: 10.9790/1676-1102023442 www.iosrjournals.org 37 | Page
Fig.3 Overall Design of Proposed CO-Generation Scheme with Effective PID-PSO controller for micro-grid
system via Reduced Switch Type-Smart Asymmetrical 15-Level Inverter.
Full bridge conversion strategy converts the 7-level DC voltage into AC 15 level voltage by using
polarity generation conversion strategy and that is interfaced with utility grid with filter inductors. In this way,
proposed system produces a sinusoidal outcome of both voltage/currents, which are in-phase with each other &
related to grid voltage. This proposed topology-II requires only 7 switches for generation of 15-levels and is
compared to topology-I require 10 switches. So as to simply the conversion structure have many merits such as
compact integrated device, low complex design, low switch stress, low cost apparatus, incredible efficiency,
called as a smart inverter. The new switching scheme is expressed in Table I, II& III.
The grid voltage is recognized by a voltage detection circuitry send to PLL module so as to produce
unified amplitude as a reference signal. The capacitor voltage is recognized, and then compared to actual
voltage responds the error & change in error values are passed to intelligent controller. The PLL circuit output
and the output are combined to generate a reference signal using multiplier circuitry, while the current of the 15-
level inverter is recognized by a current detection circuitry. The reference signals are coming from the referred
comparison should be proceed to integrate with proposed PWM generation circuits for production of switching
states for 15-level inverter topology according to characteristic table.
IV. Advanced PWM Schemes
Advanced multi-carrier PWM schemes are efficient performance for proposed multilevel inverter
topologies, the most encouraged way is getting pure sinusoidal outcome voltage with low harmonic content, low
stress, minimized loss component which is compared to classical PWM schemes no need of large size filter.
Several Imperative modulation techniques are developed in several applications can be divided as phase/level
shifting multi-carrier modulation schemes in [10] based on these modulation schemes author develops a
contemporary modulation scheme which have optimal results over classical schemes.
Fig.4 Multi-Carrier Modulation Scheme of Variable Frequency Switching Strategy
5. A Novel Critical Analysis of Grid Integrated 15-Level Smart Inverter Topologies Using Various
DOI: 10.9790/1676-1102023442 www.iosrjournals.org 38 | Page
The classical variable switching frequency [11], this technique mainly regards to definite carrier
frequency ranges with respect to intended multiplication factor as proposed by authors. The several carrier
frequencies are 3050 Hz, 5050 Hz, 7050 Hz are relating to the coming reference signal from intelligent
controller as depicted in Fig.4. The intended multi-carrier modulation scheme is merging of both phase-level
shifted multi-carrier modulation strategy to trounce the switching action of shifting technique each other &
regulates the phase imbalance state. In this technique, all intended carriers have equal frequency and the peak
amplitude is un-equal should be disposed vertically. The optimal multi-carrier modulation scheme for 15- level
proposed inverter topologies are depicted in Fig.5.
For this optimal scheme, (n-1) carriers are needed are defined as essentially disposed vertically by
specified measured switching angle. Where Vref constitutes the reference signal from intelligent controller, Vcr
constitutes the carrier signal, MIa constitutes the modulation index & constitutes the disposed phase angle.
As, Table II.A & II.B illustrates the switching states for proposed asymmetrical 15 Level multi-level inverter
topologies for I&II, production of DC voltage levels & Table III shows the switching pulses for 15 Level MLI
for production of polarities, in that “L” specifies the switch is at OFF state & “H” specifies the switch is at ON
state.
Fig.5 Multi-Carrier Switching Strategy for Optimal Modulation Scheme
Table II. A. Switching Pattern Level Selection Scheme for Proposed Inverter Topology-I
Vo S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
7Vs L H L H L H
6Vs H L L H L H
5Vs L H H L L H
4Vs H L H L L H
3Vs L H L H H L
2Vs H L L H H L
Vs L H H L H L
Table II. B. Switching Pattern for Level Generation Scheme for Proposed Inverter Topology-II
Vo S1 S2 S3
7Vs H H H
6Vs L H H
5Vs H L H
4Vs L L H
3Vs H H L
2Vs L H L
Vs H L L
Table III. Switching Pattern Level Generation Scheme for Proposed Inverter Topologies
Vo SA SB SC SD
Zero State L H L H
Positive State H H L L
Negative State L L H H
V. Matlab Results
Here simulation is carried out in several cases, in that here simulation is carried out in several
configurations, in that 1) Classical 7-Level Inverter Topology Interfacing to Micro-Grid System with CO-
6. A Novel Critical Analysis of Grid Integrated 15-Level Smart Inverter Topologies Using Various
DOI: 10.9790/1676-1102023442 www.iosrjournals.org 39 | Page
Generation Scheme. 2) Proposed 15-Level Inverter Topology-I Interfacing to Micro-Grid System with CO-
Generation Scheme via Intelligent Controllers. 3) Proposed 15-Level Inverter Topology-II Interfacing to Micro-
Grid System with CO-Generation Scheme via Intelligent Controllers.
Case 1: Classical 7-Level Inverter Topology Interfacing to Micro-Grid System with CO-Generation Scheme
Fig. 6(a) 7-Level Output Voltage
Fig. 6(b) Grid Voltage
Fig. 6(c) Inductor Current
Fig. 6(d) THD of 7-Level Output Voltage
Fig. 6 Simulink Results of Compact Integrated Proposed Asymmetrical 7-Level Inverter using PWM
scheme, in that (a) 5-Level output voltage, (b) Grid Voltage, (c) Inductor Current, (d) THD of Output Voltage,
attaining 16.99% by without any filter circuit.
Case 2: Proposed 15-Level Inverter Topology-I Interfacing to Micro-Grid System with CO-Generation
Scheme via Intelligent Controllers
Fig. 7(a) DC Link Voltage
7. A Novel Critical Analysis of Grid Integrated 15-Level Smart Inverter Topologies Using Various
DOI: 10.9790/1676-1102023442 www.iosrjournals.org 40 | Page
Fig. 7(b) 15-Level Output Voltage
Fig. 7(c) Grid Voltage & Current
Fig. 7(d) THD of 15-Level Output Voltage
Fig.7 Several Simulations of Proposed 15-Level MLI topology-I for Grid System via Intelligent
Controllers
Fig.7 depicts the simulated results of proposed asymmetrical 15-Level multi-level inverter topology-I
for grid interfacing System through a intelligent controller and Fig.8 depicts the proposed inverter topology-II
for grid system via intelligent controllers, in that in that (a) DC Link Voltage of the proposed controller
compared to formal controller, the proposed PSO-PID controller has fast steady state response under step
changes in inputs; (b) 15-Level Stair Case Output Voltage; (c) Grid Current & Voltage, both are in pure
sinusoidal & in-phase with each other it may specifies the unity power factor; (d) Total Harmonic Distortions
(THD) of Proposed 15-Level MLI topology for Grid interfacing system via PSO_PID Controller is 4.69% for
topology-I and 2.68% for topology-II. These values are well within IEEE standards without any additional filter
circuit. The topology-II is more suitable because of technically perfect & commercial perfect by low switching
devices.
Case 3: Proposed 15-Level Inverter Topology-II Interfacing to Micro-Grid System with CO-Generation
Scheme via Intelligent Controllers.
Fig. 8(a) DC Link Voltage
8. A Novel Critical Analysis of Grid Integrated 15-Level Smart Inverter Topologies Using Various
DOI: 10.9790/1676-1102023442 www.iosrjournals.org 41 | Page
Fig. 8(b) 15-Level Output Voltage
Fig. 8(c) Grid Voltage & Current
Fig. 8(d) THD of 15-Level Output Voltage
Fig.8 Several Simulations of Proposed 15-Level MLI topology-II for Grid System via Intelligent Controllers
VI. Conclusion
Grid connection results were shown using the proposed asymmetrical inverter modules. The entire
PV/FC system structure and its interaction with the grid through PLL and MPPT algorithms were shown by the
simulation results. The FFT analysis of proposed inverter topologies are well within the IEEE standards.
Table IV. A FFT Analysis of Output Voltage with Proposed Controller Topology – I over Classical Controllers
Type of
Controller
Classical PWM Proposed Optimal PWM Scheme Proposed Variable Frequency PWM
Scheme
PD POD APOD PD POD APOD PD POD APOD
PI Controller
7.75% 7.76% 7.76% 7.65% 7.67% 7.67% 7.68% 7.60% 7.71%
Fuzzy Controller
7.22% 7.35% 7.36% 7.39% 7.43% 7.44% 7.29% 7.32% 7.30%
ANFIS
Controller 6.65% 6.76% 6.76% 6.85% 6.88% 6.90% 6.28% 6.33% 6.33%
PID-PSO
Controller 5.46% 5.56% 5.67% 5.67% 5.70% 5.72% 4.69% 4.70% 4.70%
Table IV. B Comparison of FFT Analysis of Output Voltage of Proposed Topology-II with Several controllers
Type of
Controller
Classical Regular PWM Proposed Variable Frequency PWM
Scheme
Proposed Optimal PWM Scheme
PD POD APOD PD POD APOD PD POD APOD
PI Controller
7.75% 7.76% 7.76% 7.65% 7.67% 7.67% 7.68% 7.60% 7.71%
Fuzzy
Controller 5.86% 5.96% 5.95% 4.99% 5.03% 5.03% 6.06% 6.12% 6.12%
ANFIS
Controller 4.44% 4.56% 4.57% 3.68% 3.62% 3.62% 4.67% 4.69% 4.73%
PID-PSO
Controller 3.09% 3.20% 3.24% 2.80% 2.68% 2.68% 3.33% 3.31% 3.40%
A new scheme is explored for co-generation scheme with several intelligent controllers may include
the formation of PV/FC energy via proposed asymmetrical zeta module with advanced PWM schemes. The
9. A Novel Critical Analysis of Grid Integrated 15-Level Smart Inverter Topologies Using Various
DOI: 10.9790/1676-1102023442 www.iosrjournals.org 42 | Page
several unique conclusions are compared from the analysis of proposed smart 15-level inverter with classical
topology, it require high switching devices when compared to topology-I and acute space & high cost, low
comfort and are low cost, low complex, low switch stress, greater efficiency over topology-II. THD comparison
is takes place in Table IV.A & IV.B, in that variable switching frequency modulation technique with PSO-PID
controller has better THD % reduction over classical controllers. The outcome simulation results are validated
with the proposed-I, II over classical concepts should be more attractive for micro-grid system & attain
qualitated power, meticulously manages the co-energy.
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