This chapter describes the memory and input/output mapping of the Microfriend Dyna-85 single board computer. It discusses the memory mapping including RAM, EPROM and expansion memory. It also covers the input/output mapping of the parallel and serial interfaces. The power supply requirements are briefly mentioned.

1. MICROFRIEND
DYNA – 85
User’s Manual
Kailas Vaibhav , G– Wing , 3rd Floor, Park Site,
Vikhroli ( West ) , Mumbai – 400 079 . INDIA
Tel . : 91 - 22 - 5181900 (16 Lines)
Fax . : 91 - 22 - 5181930 / 5181940
s a l e s @ d y n a l o g i n d i a . c o m
w w w . d y n a l o g i n d i a . c o m

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE NO.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTON TO MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 1
CHAPTER 1
CONFIGURATION OF MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 1.1
1.1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW……………………………………… 1-1
1.1.1 SYSTEM HARDWARE CONFIGURATION……. 1-1
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT………………… 1-1
MEMORY…………………………………………. 1-1
HEX KEYPAD/DISPLAY INTERFACE…………. 1-2
8279 DATA FORMAT……………………………. 1-2
PARALLEL I/O/ INTERFACE…………………… 1-3
SERIAL I/O AND AUDIO CASSETE INTERFACE.1-3
TIMER………………………………………………. 1-3
EXPANSION SLOT………………………………… 1-4
1.1.2 SYSTEM COMMANDS OVERVIEW…………….. 1-4
1.1.3 SYSTEM FIRMWARE OVERVIEW……………… 1-5
1.1.4 APPLICATON OF MICROFRIEND DYNA-85…… 1-6
CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM MEMORY & INPUT / OUTPUT 2-1
MAPPING
2.1 MEMORY MAPPING……………………………… 2-1
2.2 INPUT / OUTPUT MAPPING……………………… 2-2
2.3 POWER SUPPLY …………………………………… 2-3
i

3. PAGE NO. PAGE NO.
CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 5
OPERATING INSTRUCTION-KEYBOARD…………. 3-1 MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING…………. 5-1
3.1 KEYBOARD OPERATION…………………………………. 3-1 5.1 MONITOR SUBROUTINES………………………………… 5-1
3.2 SET , INR , DCR KEYS…………………………………….. 3-2 1. MODIAD…………………………………………… 5-3
3.3 REG………………………………………………………….. 3-3 2. MODIDT…………………………………………… 5-4
3.4 GO / EXEC………………………………………………….. 3-6 3. RDKBD …………………………………………….. 5-4
4. DELAY…………………………………………….. 5-4
3.5 STEP………………………………………………………… 3-7
5. CLEAR ……………………………………………. 5-5
3.6 VI : VECTOR INTERRUPT……………………………….. 3-10 6. GTHEX……………………………………………….5-5
3.7 RES : RESET………………………………………………. 3-10 7. OUTPUT…………………………………………….. 5-5
3.8 CODE………………………………………………………. 3-10 5.2 SERIAL ROUTINES…………………………………………..5-7
3.9 USER KEYS U1 , U2 , U3 , U4……………………………. 3-11 1. CIN………………………………………………….. 5-8
3.10 SAVE……………………………………………………….. 3-12 2. COUT………………………………………………. 5-8
3.11 LOAD………………………………………………………. 3-12 3. CROUT……………………………………………… 5-8
4. NMOUT…………………………………………….. 5-8
CHAPTER 4 5. GETHX …………………………………………….. 5-8
CODES………………………………………………….. 4-1 5.3 PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES…………………………….. 5-9
4.1 CODE 00 : MOVE BLOCK…………………………………. 4-1 EXAMPLE 1 : FAMILIARIZATION……………………….. 5-9
4.2 CODE 01 : FILL BLOCK…………………………………… 4-3 EXAMPLE 2 : RDKBD……………………………………… 5-11
4.3 CODE 02 : INSERT BLOCK………………………………. 4-3 EXAMPLE 3 : MODIDT……………………………………... 5-12
EXAMPLE 4 : RDKBD + MODIDT………………………… 5-12
4.4 CODE 03 : DELETE BLOCK………………………………. 4-3
EXAMPLE 5 : HEX ADDITION…………………………….. 5-12
4.5 CODE 04 : SEARCH BLOCK……………………………… 4-5 EXAMPLE 6 : 4 DIGIT HEX COUNTER…………………… 5-13
4.6 CODE 04 : HEX TO DECIMAL……………………………. 4-6 EXAMPLE 7 : 2 DIGIT DECIMAL COUNTER…………….. 5-14
4.7 CODE 06 : DECIMAL TO HEX……………………………. 4-7 EXAMPLE 8 : FLASHING DISPLAY………………………. 5-15
4.8 CODE 0E : COMPLEMENT BLOCK………………………. 4-7 EXAMPLE 9 : ROLLING DISPLAY………………………… 5-16
4.9 CODE OF : ROLLING DISPLAY…………………………… 4-8 TABLE 5.1 SCRATCH PAD LOCATION……………….. 5-2
ii TABLE 5.2 CHARACTER CODES………………………. 5-6
iii

4. PAGE NO.
CHAPTER 6 PAGE NO.
APPENDIX
SERIAL I/O OPERATION 6-1
A CONNECTOR AND STRAPPING DETAILS A-1
6.1 USE OF MONITOR 6-2 CONNECTOR J1 : DYNA BUS INTERFACE A-1
6.2 COMMAND STRUCTURE 6-2 CONNECTOR J2 : 8155 CONNECTOR A-2
6.2.1 D – DISPLAY MEMORY COMMAND 6-3 CONNECTOR J3 : 8255 CONNECTOR A-3
6.2.2 G – PROGRAM EXECUTE COMMAND 6-3 CONNECTOR J4 : 8279 CONNECTOR A-4
6.2.3 I – INSERT INSTRUCTIONS INTO RAM-1 6-3 CONNECTOR J5 : POWER SUPPLY CONNECTOR A-4
6.2.4 M – MOVE MEMORY COMMAND 6-4 CONNECTOR J6 : SERIAL CONNECTOR A-4
6.2.5 S – SUBSTITUTE MEMORY 6-4 CONNECTOR J7 : 8253 CONNECTOR A-4
6.2.6 X – EXAMINE / MODIFY CPU 6-5 STRAPPING DETAILS A-5
REGISTER COMMAND
6.3 PROGRAM DEBUGGING 6-7 B ADD-ON CARDS FOR MICROFRIEND B-1
DYNA-85 SYSTEM
6.4 ERROR CONDITIONS 6-8
6.5 ADDRESS VALUE ERRORS 6-8 C CIRCUIT DIAGRAM C-1
6.6 COMMAND EXAMPLES 6-9 D MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 MONITOR LISTING D-1
6.7 AUDIO CASSETTE INTERFACE 6-9
TABLE 6.1 BAUD RATE SELECTION 6-11 E PROCEDURE FOR UPLOADING AND E-1
DOWNLOADING
CHAPTER 7
FOR THE MICROFRIEND ILC USER 7-1
iv
v

5. INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION TO MICROFRIEND DYNA-85
What will I get DYNA-85 !
Microfriend DYNA-85 is an introduction to a low cost trainer and
development kit. It was developed to assist the novice to get familiar
with INTEL 8085 microprocessor in a user friendly environments.
This user’s manual tells you about –
Hardware of DYNA-85.
Monitor commands to interact with DYNA-85.
Memory & I/O details of Dyna-85.
Working with hex keypad and display.
Serial I/O and Audio cassette interface.
Circuit diagram and connector details.
Before you begin :
1) Study this manual carefully.
2) Write your own programs after studying the chapter on
Machine Language programming and try them out.
3) Do not hesitate to experiment using the I/O lines for real
world interfacing.
1

6. 1-1
CHAPTER 1
CONFIGURATION OF MICROFRIEND DYNA-85
1.1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW
MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 is a single board computer based on 8085A
CPU designed specially for training and development applications.
It is equally useful for a novice as well as development engineers for
studying the 8085A CPU and developing various product based on the
8085A.
1.1.1 SYSTEM HARDWARE OVERVIEW
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
MICROFRIEND DYNA - 85 I s based on the INTEL 8085A high
performance CPU operating at 3 MHz.
MEMORY
Powerful system monitor has been provided on a 2732 EPROM
covering 4K bytes.This monitor includes all standard commands,
codes , functions and utility subroutines.
A 6116 battery back up RAM ( 2K ) is provided on the board for
inputting and executing programs.
Three 28 pin sockets are provided for memory chips so that further
expansion of RAM/EPROM is possible upto a maximum of 56K .

7. 1-2 1-3
HEX KEYPAD / DISPLAY INTERFACE a
A Keypad with 21 keys and 6 digits LED seven segments display is
provided for interaction with the system using 8279 keyboard /
display controller. This chip provides the following features. f b
g
Simultanous Keyboard & Display operation.
Scanned Keyboard Model sensor Mode.
2 Key locked / N Key roll over.
Contact Debounce. e c
16 Displays
Programmable scan timing.
d
The hex keypad has the standard hexadecimal keys and many other
function and Code keys. 4 “User Definable” function keys are also Writing a 1 in the desired bit lights that particular segment.
provided which can be defined by the user . All scan, return, shift and PARALLEL I/O INTERFACE
control lines of 8279 are brought on to connected J4. 46 parallel I/O lines are provided on board , 22 from 8155 and 24 from
8255 . These lines are brought on to connector J2 ( for 8155 ) and
(for 8255).
8279 DATA FORMAT :
SERIAL I/O AUDIO CASSETTE INTERFACE
The data format for the character being displayed by the 8279 is one bit Serial I/O is available through RS232C compatible port. The SID & SOD
corresponding to each segment of the seven segment display plus one lines are used under software control for serial operation . Baud rate is
bit for the decimal point. The display bits are store in the 8279 in the adjustable.
form of one byte digit of the display from RAM location 0 to 5 .
Onboard Audio Cassette I / F is provided with file management , for
The byte format is as follows : storage and retrieval of data using a cassette recorder.
A3 A2 A1 A0 B3 B2 B1 B0 TIMER
c d b a e g f dp Three channels of 8253 chip , a 16 bit TIMER / COUNTER and one
channel of 14 bit TIMER /COUNTER of 8155 are provided on board. All
lines of 8253 are provided on connector J7 and 8155 are provided on J2.

8. 1-4 1-5
EXPANSION SLOT STEP : Allows the user to execute the program on single step
All Address, Data, Control and Hardware Interrupt lines are brought on mode or break point mode.
to a 50 pin FRC connector for system interfacing and expansion. These SAVE : Used for saving the contents of memory onto an audio
lines are unbuffered so user has to take care while expanding their cassette.
system. LOAD : Used for loading the program from audio cassette back
1.1.2 SYSTEM COMMANDS OVERVIEW to the memory in RAM area.
The HEX KEYPAD mode supports the following commands : U1..U4 : These keys are user definable functin keys. The function
of these keys can be defined by the user , by loading the
RESET : Provides hardware reset . Display shows “FrlEND” on
appropriate memory locations with vectors pointing to
pressing this key.
user subroutines.
VI : Vector interrupt key.Activate RST 7.5 vectored interrupt.
1.1.3 SYSTEM FIRMWARE OVERVIEW
SET : Allows the user to examine & modify the contents of
RAM and only examination of contents is possible in
case of EPROM.
The MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 has very powerful and user
friendly FIRMWARE in the EPROM.
INR : Increments memory address presently displayed un the
address field of display. Complete listing of the Monitor FIRMWARE is given at the end of
User can borrow any subroutine from the listing for his own
DCR : Decrements memory address presently displayed in the program development.
address field od display. Various commands available through the keyboard and the coded
REG : Allows the user to examine contents of CPU registers & subroutines are accessible through the CODE key and is already been
modify them if necessary. listed in chapter.
GO : Allows the user to load the program counter by the A point worth mentioning here about the FIRMWARE is the options of
desired memory address which is the starting address of entry point to the Monitor.
the program to be executed.
There are two options available , one is the COLD START , other is
EXEC : Used to start the execution of GO or CODE command. WARM START . In COLD START entry the system is completely
CODE : Used for selecting one of the coded subroutines in the reinitialized and no user program status is saved from the previous
monitor. program executed. This is equivalent to the hardware reset.

9. 1-6 1-7
COLD START entry can be performed through software by using the The areas of application on MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 are as follows :-
RST 0 instruction.
1. Analog to Digital Converter Interface.
In WARM START entry, the start of previously executed user program is
2. Digital to Analog Converter interface.
fully saved before entering the monitor. WARM START entry is possible
3. Interfacing Hexadecimal Keyboad.
through software by using th RST 1 instruction.
4. Simulation of an Elevator.
In both cases, the sign on display is ‘FrlEND’ as in case of hardware 5. Temparature Controller Interface.
reset through RESET Key. 6. Stepper motor Controller.
CODE COMMANDS : 7. Traffic Light Control System.
8. DC Motor Controller.
CODE 00 : Move a block of memory.
9. Thumbwheel Interface.
CODE 01 : Fill a block with a data byte.
CODE 02 : Insert a byte in a block. And many more experiment and application can be thought and
CODE 03 : Delete a byte from a block. successfully developed on MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 system.
CODE 04 : Search a given block for a given pattern.
CODE 05 : Hex to Decimal conversion.
CODE 06 : Decimal to Hex conversion.
CODE 0E : Complement a block.
CODE 0F : Rolling Display.
1.1.3 APPLICATION OF MICROFRIEND DYNA-85
MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 is the low cost learning and development
system for beginners as well as development engineers
The powerful friendly FIRMWARE allows you to learn all application of
8085A and its support chips like 8255 PPI. 8155 PPI and Timer . 8279
prgrammable keyboard and display controller,8253 Programmable timer
and counter etc.You can load,debug and finialize your program on the
MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 and nce the development is finilize it can
also be used as an OEM board.

10. 2-1
CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM MEMORY & INPUT / OUTPUT
MAPPING
2.1 MEMORY MAPPING
The system memory is also as important as the CPU itself , because this
is where the system program resides and the CPU takes its instruction
from the program. The memory is of two types ROM and RAM i.e.
READ ONLY MEMORY & RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY.
The MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 has a flexible memory map , and for
your convenience for program development, the RAM has useful feature
such as battery back-up.
FFFF
USER
RAM
IC 6116
C000
BFFF
EXPANSION
EPROM/RAM
4000
3FFF
MONITOR
0000 EPROM

11. 2-2 2-3
0000H TO 3FFFH :
IC ADDRESS MODE I/O FUNCTION
Monitor EPROM socket.Monitor 2732 is located at 000H to 0FFFH and
is mapped at 1000H-1FFFH,2000H-2FFFH and 3000-3FFFh also. 8255 10 R/W PORT A
11 R/W PORT B
It 2764 / 27128 are used , 1000H - 3FFFH can be used for further 12 R/W PORT C
expansion. 13 WRITE CONTROL REGISTER
4000H to BFFFH : 8253 18 R/W COUNTER 0
19 R/W COUNTER 1
This Socket is used for user expansion of EPROM and RAM. 1A R/W COUNTER 2
EPROMs like 2716 / 2732 / 2732 / 2764 / 27128 / 27256 or RAMs 1B WRITE CNTROL REGISTER
like 6116 / 6264 / 62256 can be installed by suitable strappings.
C000H to FFFFH :
User RAM socket.The 2K user RAM IC 6116 is located at F800H- 2.3 POWER SUPPLY
FFFFH.This 2K memory is folded after every 2K bytes from C000H to
FFFFH.In this socket 6264 can also be used.
2.2 INPUT/ OUTPUT MAPPING
Recommanded Power Supply for DYNA-85 kit
DMS SMPS – 01
IC ADDRESS MODE I/O FUNCTION
Having following specification :
8279 04 READ READ KEYBOARD FIFO
WRITE WRITE DATA TO DISPLAY
05 READ READ STATUS WORD Voltage Current Rating
WRITE WRITE COMMAND WORD
+5V 1A
8155 08 WRITE COMMAND/STATUS + 12 V 500 mA
REGISTER
09 R/W PORT A
- 12 V 250 mA
0A R/W PORT B + 30 V 100 mA
0B R/W PORT C
0C R/W TIMER LOW BYTE
0D R/W TIMER HIGH BYTE

12. 2-4 3-1
CHAPTER 3
OPERATING INSTRUCTION- KEYBOARD
KEYPAD LAYOUT :
3.1 KEYBOARD OPERATION
RESET VI C D E F MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 has a built in keyboard ( KEYPAD).The layout
U1 U2 U3 U4 of the keypad is given on the opposite page for ready reference. The
system can also be operated through a console connected to the serial
interface.
While using the built in keyboard , we can work only in the Hexadecimal
DCR 8 9 A B number system . There are 16 keys for entering Hex numbers from 0
GO/H LOAD SAVE to F. These are all dual meaning keys and the key designated depends
L
on when the key I s pressed. In addition to these 16 keys there is one
vector Interrupt key, one RESET key and 3 function keys.
When the system is switched on the display shows , sign – on message
EXEC 4 5 6 7 ’F r l E n d’. This indicates that the system is reset and the monitor
SPH SPL PCH PCL expects a command from you. At this moment any one of the command
keys : SET , CODE , STEP, REG, GO, LOAD or SAVE can be pressed
depending on the desired operation.
In case any non command key is pressed, the display will show ‘FErr’
message, you can again press a valid command key or press RESET
INR 0 1 2 3 and then press a valid command key.
SET CODE STEP REG/I
The various command and function keys are explained below :

13. 3-2 3-3
3.2 SET,INR,DCR KEYS EXAMPLE 1 :
Key Pressed Address Field Data Field
You can use the SET key to set the address of the memory location to
be accessed. On pressing SET key the display becomes blank and a dot RES F r I E n d
appears in the Address field which is made up of the first four digit of the
six digit display . The remaining two digit of the six digit display are the SET
data field .The dot in the address field indicates that your next key will be F 0 0 0 F
treated as an address entry (entry is from Right to Left and last 4 entries 0 0 0 F 0
are retained). 0 0 F 0 0
0 F 0 0 0
When you have entered the 4 digit hexadecimal address press the INR
key which will terminate the address entry and display the c ontents of INR F 0 0 0 X X
that memory location as the two digits in the data field. 3 F 0 0 0 0 3
E F 0 0 0 3 E
Now you can modify or retain the contents of the location. INR F 0 0 1 X X
DCR F 0 0 0 3 E
Pressing INR key again will load the data field into the memory location
at the address shown in the address field . This key also increments the EXEC F
address by 1 location and dispalys the contents of that new locaton with
required data.
Pressing EXEC key terminate the loading of memory and the monitor
DCR key also works in a similar way but it decrements the address by 1
waits for next command.
and points to the previous location.
Trying to load data into a Monitor EPROM location using SET key 3.3 REG
results in ‘FErr’(error).
This key allows you to examine and optionally modify the contents of
SET, INR, DCR, keys can also be used to verify the data loaded in RAM
all 8085 internal registers.
by displaying one location after another.
Pressing REG key will blank the display and a dot appears in the
Field.
Next press a valid register name. The Register names appears on
various
hexadecimal number keys as follows :-
3 : I ( Interrupt Mask )
4 : SPH ( Stack Pointer High )
5 : SPL ( Stack Pointer Low )

14. 3-4 3-5
6 : PCH ( Program Counter High Format of the F register ( Flag Register ) is as follows :
7 : PCL ( Program Counter Low )
8 : H ( H Register )
9 : L ( L Register )
S Z X AC X P X C
A : A ( A Register )
B : B ( B Register ) X : Don’t care.
C : C ( C Register ) C : Carry
D : D ( D Register ) P : Parity
E : E ( E Register ) X : Don’t Care
F : F ( Flag register ) AC : Auxillary Carry
Z : Zero
Pressing any one of these keys after pressing REG key will display the S : Sign
particular register name in the address field and the contents of that
register will be displayed in the data field. EXAMPLE 2 :
Pressing INR key after this , will point to the next register and DCR will
point to the previous register. Key Pressed Address Field Data Field
Contents of the register can be modified at this point similar to loading
any other memory location.
REG .
Pressing INR and DCR keys after modifying the contents of that register
A A X X
and ENTER terminates the command. Address field shows F in the left
0 A 0 0
most digit , the monitor indicates as usual that the it is waiting for the
5 A 0 5
next command.
0 0 5 0
Format for the I register (Interrupt mask) is as follows : INR B X X
I M M M DCR A 5 0
EXEC F
0 0 0 A E 7.5 6.5 5.5
I Interrupt enable Flag [ 1 is enabled, 0 is disabled ]
M Interrupt Mask [1 is masked , 0 is unmasked ] NOTE : ONLY LAST TWO ENTRIES ARE RETAINED.

15. 3-6 3-7
3.4 GO/EXEC 3.5 STEP
This pairs of keys is used to execute a program from a desired location We have seen how a program can be executed by using GO and
onwards. If the GO key is pressed, It displays the present address in the EXEC pair of keys.This method is useful only when the program is
program counter and the contents of the memory location at address. A finalized, or when we have a ready program.
dot appears in the address field indicating that you can enter a new In case a program is being developed , it is essential that we have
address in the address field. You can now modify the contents of the a ready program and it I s essential that we have a facility to check
the execution of program stage by stage and see the results.
program counter . After loading the desired starting address in the
address field , press EXEC key to execute the program starting at the This can be achieved in two ways . One way is to insert the RST 1
address .During execution of the program , the address field shows ‘E’ instruction ( CFH ) at every point where a break is desired to check
indicating that the user program or subroutine is being executed. status or result , which is possible only in case of short programs being
run from the RAM.
The Monitor Regains control either after pressing the RESET key
Another way is to use the STEP key and step through the program.
( Hardware Reset ) or after executing RST 0, RST 1, JMP 0000H or JMP
Pressing the STEP key displays the contents of the program
0008H instruction (Software Reset).
counter , Which can be modified to set the starting address of the
EXAMPLE 3 : program.
Now press INR and the monitor will prompt for other parameters :
Key Pressed Address Field Data Field
br : Break Address
GO P P P P X X Cn : N +1 , where N is the number of times the break should
F 0 0 0 F occur.
0 0 0 F 0
0 0 F 0 0 In case ‘br’ and ‘Cn’ both are given a value of zero,the system goes into
0 F 0 0 0 single stepping mode. In single stepping mode, the program os executed
EXEC F single instruction at a time . Execution stops after every instruction and a
status check is possible.
EXAMPLE 4 :
NOTE : P P P P IS THE PRESENT CONTENTS OF PROGRAM Let us take a simple program to see how the STEP command
COUNTER WHEN GO KEY WAS PRESSED. XX IS THE DATA IN works.Load
MEMORY LOCATION P P P P.
the following program starting at location F000H.

16. 3-8 3-9
Address Data Mnemonic
Key Address Data Comments
F000 3E 05 MVI A, 05h Pressed Field Field
F002 3D DCR A
F003 C202F0 JNZ F002h STEP PPPP XX PRESENT PC
F006 76 HALT CONTENTS
This program first loads register A ( Accumulator ) with 05 , then F000 F000 STARTING ADDRESS
decrements the accumulator contents by 1 till the contents become zero INR . br BREAK POINT ?
0 0000 br IGNORE br.
and halts at that point.
INR Cn . Cn ?
The JNZ loop will make use of ‘br’ and ‘Cn’. First let us execute the 0 0000 00 IGNORE Cn.
program with STEP key and using ‘br’ and ‘Cn’ parameters. INR F002 3D FIRST INSTRUCTION
EXECUTED PC POINTS
Key Address Data Comments TO NEXT INSTR .
Pressed Field Field EXEC F PROGRAM STOPS FOR
REG . STATUS CHECK .
STEP PPPP XX PRESENT PC CONTENTS A A 05 REG . A (Acc)
F000 F000 STARTING ADDRESS CONTENS 05
INR . br BREAK ADDRESS ? EXEC F NEXT COMMAND ?
F002 F002 br BREAK AT F002 STEP F002 3D STEP
INR Cn . Cn ? INR F003 C2 SECOND INSTR.
04 Cn 04 Cn 4 N + 1 EXECUTED
INR F002 3D PROGRAM STOPS AFTER EXEC F PROGRAM STOP FOR
BREAKPOINT OCCURRED 3 STATUS CHECK
EXEC F TIMES REG . REGISTER A (Acc)
REG . EXAMINE REG.A CONTENTS 04
A A 02 A A 04 AFTER
DECREMENTING
As the program stopped after the breakpoint occurs 3 times, the original ONCE
contents of register A which were 05 have been decremented three
times. The register A should now contain 02, which is displayed in the After counting this sequence till the contents of A become 00, the
data field. program comes out from the JNZ loop and the address field shows the
The same program can be executed in a single stepping mode. last address of the program , i.e. F006H. Contents of this location
are displayed in the data field as 76 (HALT). If you press EXEC at this
stage and examine the stage and examine the contents of register
A using REG command , the result will be 00 as expected.

17. 3-10 3-11
3.6 VI : VECTOR INTERRUPT 3.9 USER KEYS U1,U2,U3,U4
This key is used to interrupt the program execution and transfe r the There are 4 user definable keys on the MICROFRIEND DYNA-85. Each
control to location 003CH in the monitor.This location has a jump to of these keys has a vector in the scratchpad RAM area . By loading
location FFCEH in the user RAM.By inserting another jump instruction at an appropriate jump instruction at these location, you can define the
functon of keys U1, U2, U3, U4.
FFCEH , we can transfer the control to an interrupt service routine
located to another area in the memory. The vector location are as follows :
For proper operation of this key, the user program must enable the
interrupt through the EI instruction and the RST 7.5 must be unmasked
Key Memory Location
using the SIM instruction.
The exmple of a decimal counter included in the chapter on U1 FF9CH, FF9DH, FF9EH
programming, will make the application of key will make it more clear. U2 FF9FH, FFA0H, FFA1H
U3 FFA2H, FFA3H, FFA4H
3.7 RES : RESET U4 FFA5H, FFA6H, FFA7H
Pressing RES key causes a hardware RESET operation.The control is An example will illustrate how these keys can be used . There is a
transferred to location 0000H in the monitor. The monitor program is subroutine in the monitor for a “ROLLING DISPLAY” at location 0E5BH.
executed from 0000H onwards without saving the status resulting from Using the SET key load a jump instruction C3 5B 0E at location FF9CH,
any user program executed before the ‘RESET’. The display shows FF9DH and FF9EH which are the U1 key vector location.Mow reset the
‘F r l E N D’ as the sign-on message and the monitor waits for a valid system and then press U1 key, the display immediately blanks for a
command. moment and then a rolling message appears
3.8 CODE
D Y n A L o G h E L P S Y o U L E A r n I n G U P
The code key allows you to access one of the coded subroutines in the By using the U1 key vector, ypu have efficiently transferred the control to
monitor firmware. All the user accessible coded subroutines are the rolling display subroutine.
explained in Chapter 4.

18. 3-12 3-13
3.10 SAVE 2. Press LOAD key, enter the File Number Fn of the program to be
loaded.( A hex number between 00 & FF )
3. Turn CTR ON, keep it in PLAY mode.
This command is used for saving your program on an audio cassette.
The procedure for saving is as follows : 4. Immediately press EXED Key. L appears in the data field, indicating
that the CPU is searching for the file with file number Fn.
1. Command the MIC socket (on the top) of the MICROFRIEND
DYNA – 85 to the MIC socket of the CTR. 5. Whenever the CPU comes across any File Number , it is displayed
in the data field. Loading starts only when the specified File
2. Press SAVE key, enter the following parameters number is found and displayed.
SS : Source Start 6. The SS parameter of your program is already saved on the cassette
SE : Source End tape, and when the program is being loaded back into RAM , it
Fn : File Number – any hex number from 00 to FF. automatically gets loaded at the same address.
3. Turn CTR ON and keep it in RECORD mode. 7. On completion of loading the program with File number Fn , SS
parameter is displayed in the address field.
4. Press the EXEC key, S appears in the data field indicates that your
program is being saved on the audio cassette.
5. On completion of SAVE operation, F r l E n d appears again on the NOTE : There shouldn’t be a gap of more than 10 sec. Between
display. turning CTR ON and pressing EXEC key.
6. Turn CTR OFF.
3.11 LOAD
This command loads your program from the cassette to the RAM . The
procedure for loading is described below :
1. Connect the EAR Socket of MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 to the EAR or
external speaker socket of the CTR. (Select volume control setting
by trial)

19. 4-1
CHAPTER 4
CODES
As we have seen in the previous chapter, the code key allows us to access
the various coded subroutines from the monitor program. It is not essential
to remember the starting location addresses of all these subroutines, as
they have been coded to be used with the CODE key.
A “Code Referance Chart” has been included in this chapter for quick
referance. Detailed explainaton of operation of all the coded are given
below.For executing any code,the ‘CODE’ key is pressed. A dot appesrs in
the data field,indicating that the code number should be entered and will be
displayed in the data field. Now enter the code number and press INR key.
The data field prompts for the data field or the address field will prompt for
the next parameter to be entered.
After entering all the parameters,the code can be executed using the INR or
EXEC key.
4.1 CODE 00
Move a Block of Memory
This code moves a block of memory from one place to other . The
parameters required to be entered are SS : Source Block starting address,
SE : Source Block end address and dS : Destination Block start address.
A point to remember here is that dS must always be a RAM address.Trying
to move a block to monitor EPROM results in an error. Please see Chapter 5
for further explanation of this point.

20. 4-2 4-3
Example : 1
4.2 CODE 01
Key Pressed Address Field Data Field
Fill Block with a Data Byte
CODE
This code requires the following parameters :
0 0 0.
INR . SS SS : Starting address of the block.
0 0 0 0 0. SS SE : End address of the block.
INR . SE Sr. : Data byte to be filled in all the location from SS to SE
5 0 0 0 5. SE Sr. can be any hex number from 00 to FF must be within the RAM area.
INR . dS
F000 F 0 0 0. dS 4.3 CODE 02
EXEC FrIE nd
Insert Byte in a Block ( SE, Sr,IA )
This example program moves a block of memory between 0000H and In a given block of RAM it is sometimes necessary to insert a byte of data
0005H to the RAM address F000H. which is missing. A given byte in Sr is inserted at a given insert address IA.
The remaining block shifts down by one position, upto the address given by
This can be verified by using the SET key as follows : SE.
No address relocation for jumps are done.
Key Pressed Address Field Data Field
4.4 CODE 03
SET F 0 0 0.
INR F000 3E Delete a Byte at a Given Address ( SE,DA )
INR F001 0 0. In a given block at a given address DA, a byte is deleted. The remaining
INR F002 d 3. block till SE shifts up by one position. The above two INSERT and
INR F003 0 5. DELETE commands are very useful in inserting or deleting a display
INR F004 00 character in the VIDEO RAM at the given cursor position.
INR F005 C3

21. 4-4 4-5
Ex : INSERT BYTE You can insert anything else.
With the SET command verify that 3E,00,D3,05,32,FF,20,19,76 is
Load the RAM location 1000H-1007H with the help of SET command. the data from location 1000H-1008H. The block has shifted down by 1
byte.
1000 3E After loading we notice that the instruction to
1 00 store accumulator STA 200FFH is incorrect.The
The opposite of INSERT is DELETE and it works as follows :
2 D3 ‘OPCODE’ 32 is missing. It has to be inserted
3 05 before FF , 20 Key Pressed Address Field Data Field
4 FF
5 20 CODE
6 19 03 0 3.
7 76 EXEC . SE
8 XX 1008 1 0 0 8. SE
If the block is small you an manually make 1004 as 32 and reload INR . DA
theremaining by shifting one down. But if the block is very tedious. To 1004 1 0 0 4. DA
Do this use INSERT byte command.IA (Insert Address ) is 1004. SE EXEC FriE N D.
( Block End ) is 1007 and Sr ( Insert byte ) is 32.
With the SET command verify that 1000-1007 contents are same as
Key Pressed Address Field Data Field before the INSERT command (i.e 1004 ; FF etc.)
CODE 4.5 CODE 04
02 02
EXEC SE
1007 1 0 0 7. SE Search a Given Block for Given Pattern ( SS,SE,Sr )
INR IA
The given block of memory (RAM or ROM ) between SS and SE is
1004 1 0 0 4. IA
searched for a pattern o f byte given in Sr. Whenever the first match
INR Sr
is found, the address and bytes are displayed. Remaining mismatches
32 Sr 32
can be scanned with INR.
EXEC FriE N D.
LOAD the data in Ex.4.3 from 1000H.

22. 4-6 4-7
Ex : BLOCK SEARCH 4.7 CODE : 06
Key Pressed Address Field Data Field Decimal to Hex Conversion
This code is useful for converting any Decimal number from 0000 to
CODE
9999 into a Hex number equivalent.
04 0 4.
EXEC . SS The parameter to be entered is dE, which is the decimal number we
1000 1 0 0 0. SS desire to convert into Hex format.
INR SE
Pressing EXEC after entering the decimal number displays the Hex
1008 1 0 0 8. SE
equivalent. An important precaution to be taken is that , when you are
INR Sr .
entering the decimal number to be converted to Hex, do not press any
19 Sr 1 9.
keys from A to F. There is no provision for detecting this error and the
EXEC 1006 19
results of converting that number are unpredictable.
INR FriE nd
CODE 05 and CODE 06 are very useful in address conversions,relative
jumps and total space calculations.
4.6 CODE : 05 4.8 CODE : 0E
Hex to Decimal Conversion Complement a block of memory
This code complements all the data contained within a memory block :
CODE 05 is a utility code for converting any Hex number from 0000 to The required parameters are :
FFFF into a Decimal number.
SS : Starting address of the block.
The parameter to be entered is prompted in the data field as HE, and the SE : End address of the block.
Hex number to be converted can now the directly entered in the Address
field. Pressing EXEC displays the Decimal equivalent of the Hex number On executing this code, all the ‘0’ are replaced by ‘1’ by ‘0’ within the
entered. specified block of memory.
SS and SE must be in RAM area.

23. 4-8 5-1
CHAPTER 5
4.9 CODE : 0F
MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING
Rolling Display
5.1 MONITOR SUBROUTINES
This is not a utility code but it is a demonstration code to illustration code
illustrate the powerof the display control.
This section will cover the applications from the software point of view of
MICROFRIEND DYNA - 85 . You are advised to get familiar with the
On executing 0F, the display starts rolling the message :
assembly language of INTEL 8085 Microprocessor.You should get familiar
d Y n A L o G h E L P S Y o U in L E A r n I n G UP. with the various mnemonics and their power.
CODES REFERANCE CHART The 8085 microprocessor makes use of a 16 bit internal register called the
stack register to point to a memory area called stack. The stack uses the
Code Function Parameters LIFO ( Last In First Out ) type for storage during subroutine calls.
User is advised to initialize the Stack Pointer with his stack area.The
00 Block Move SS,SE,dS
suggested stack pointer location is FEFFH. Location beyond this should
01 Fill Block SS,SE,Sr
not be utilized by the user as the monitor uses this area as the scratch-pad
02 Insert Byte SE,IA,Sr
RAM.
03 Delete Byte SE,dA
04 Block Search SS,SE,Sr
You may borrow several monitor routines to simplify your task of
05 Hex to Dec HE
programming and to minimize RAM used. From the Firmware listing
06 Dec to Hex dE
provided, take care of noting the parameters required by these routines,
0E Complement Block SS,SE
as some of the routines destroy the contents of the Registers.
0F Rolling Display
Also go through the manuals for the detailed operation of 8155, 8255 and
SS : Statrting Address 8279 supporting chips.
SE : End Address
dS : Destination The following is a list of scratch-pad RAM allocation to the Monitor
IA : Insert Address program.
DA : Delete Address
Sr : Data Byte

24. 5-2 5-3
TABLE 5.1
Location (Hex) Used for Location (Hex) Used for
FF9 A, B HALF BIT FFED Flags
FF9 C, D, E U1 Key Jump FFEE A Register
FF9 F, 0, 1 U2 Key Jump FFEF L Register
FFA2, 3, 4 U3 Key Jump FFF0 H Register
FFA5, 6, 7 U4 Key Jump FFF1 Interrupt Mask
FFA8 P DATA FFF2 Prog. Cntr – Low Byte
FFAA, B Unused FFF3 Prog. Cntr – Hi Byte
FFAC, CnSave FFF4 Stack Ptr – Low Byte
FFAD, E BrSave FFF5 Stack Ptr – Hi Byte
FFA, F, 0 DESAVE FFF6 Current Address
FB1 CARRYLOC FFF8 Current Data
FFB2, 3 HESAVE FFF9-FFFC Output buffer & Temp Loc
FFB4, 5 DASAVE FFFD Register Pointer
FBB6, 7 IA SAVE FFFE Input Buffer
FFBB, C SE SAVE FFFF 8155 command/status Register Image
FFB9, A DS SAVE
FFBD, E SS SAVE
FFBF COPY TEST Important subroutines which can be borrowed from the Monitor
FFC0, 1 BIT TIME FIRMWARE are listed below.These subroutines can be called in your
FFB8 SR SAVE own programs by using the CALL Instruction and specifying the
FFC2 User may place a JMP instr. to a RST 5 starting address of that particular subroutine.The starting addreses of
routine in locs FFFC2H-FFFC4H
all these subroutines are given in brackets along with their names.
FFC5 JMP to RST 6 routine
FFC8 JMP to RST 6.5 routine 1. Modiad (0362) – Modify address field of display
(Hardwored user interrupt)
FFCB JMP to RST 7 routine Inputs
FFCE JMP to ‘VECT INTR’Key routine
FFDI-FFE8 Monitor Stack B : Dot Flag-
(temporary storage Used by Monitor 1 Put dot at right edge of the field.
FFE9 E Register 0 No dot.
FFEA D Register
FFEB C Register HL : The character to be displayed.

25. 5-4 5-5
The contents of HL Register pair are displayed in the address field.The 5. CLEAR (01D7)
contents of all the CPU registers are affected
Inputs : B : Dot falg –
2. MODIDT ( 036E ) 1 – Dot in address field
0 – No Dot
Inputs B : Dot Flag-
1 : Put Dot at the right edge of the field This routines sends blank characters to both the address field and data
0 : No dot field of the display. If the dot flag is set then a Dot appears at the right edge
The contents of the A register are displayed in hex notation in the data field of the address field.
of display the contents of all the CPU registers and flags are affected.
6. GTHEX (022B) – Get Hex Digits
3. RDKBD (02E7)
Inputs : B : Display Flag –
Input : Nothing 0 – Use address field of display.
1 – Use data field of display.
Output : A : character read from the keyboard Outputs : A : Last character read from keyboard.
DE : Hex Digits from keyboard last four entered.
Destroys : A, H, L, F/E’s. Carry : Set : At least one hex digit read, else it is reset.
Destroys contents of all registers.
This routine waits until a character is entered om the hex keypad and on
return, places the value of the character in the A register. This routine accepts a string of hex digits from keyboard and displays
them in address / data field as they are received. In either case a dot will be
displayed in the right most field. It is not terminated by INR, DCR or EXEC
For the RDKBD routine to work correctly, the user must unmask RST 5.5 keys, the received hex digits are invalid.
hardware interrupt using the SIM instuction in Version 1.
7. OUTPUT (02B7)
4. DELAY (05F1) Inputs : A : Display Flag –
0 – To use address field
This routine takes the 16 bit contents of register pair and counts down 1 – Use data field
to zero.Then returns to the calling program. The A,D & E register and flags
are affected.

26. 5-6 5-7
B : Dot Flag –
Character Hex Code
1 - Dot at right edge
0 - No dot H 10
L 11
HL : Address of characters to be output.
P 12
Destroys all I 13
r 14
Outputs two characters to data field or four to address field. The address of Blank 15
the characters is received as an argument. The routines MODIDT and n 16
MODIAD are useful whenever the user wants to display hexadecimal U 17
information like messages. The userhas to use the output routine with the h 18
following code assigned to the characters to be displayed. The display G 19
technique on 7 segment LED is already explained. J 1A
y 1B
TABLE 5.2 O 1C
Character Hex Code
5.2 SERIAL ROUTINES
0 00
1 01
The following are the routines you can borrow from the serial Monitor.
2 02
Whenever the user straps the SID to TTY ( 20 mA loop ) or CRT
3 03
(RS232C) the serial routine is invoked. The serial routine is AUTOBAUD
4 04 type i.e. on power up or RESET, the contents for HALFBIT and BITTIME
5 05 are undefined. After sending ASCII space character (20H) from a serial
6 06 device, and baud rate is calculated . A BRID routine and a sign on
7 07 message is transmitted at that baud rate. Thus user is advised to set the
appropriate values in HALFBIT and BITTIME and then use CIN and
8 08
COUT routines for any other purpose of block transfer on serial link from
9 09 one system to another etc. Please refer to the chapter on serial I/O
A 0A operation for details, before using any of the following routines which can
b 0B be obtained from the serial monitor.
C 0C
d 0D
E 0E
F 0F

27. 5-8 5-9
1.CIN (07FD) – Console Input The following are the program examples . The user should load and
execute these program to get familiar with the keyboard of
This routine returns a character in ASCII code received from the serial MICROFRIEND DYNA-85.
devices,to the A register. Condition flags are affected.
5.3 PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES
2.COUT (07FA) – Console Output
Example 1 : Familiarizaton
This routine transmit a character (in ASCII Code) passed from the program in
C Register to the serial device. The A, C & F registers are affected. Let us start with a simple program to understnd exactly what happens
inside a microprocessor when a program is run.
3.CROUT (05EB) – Carriage Return Line Feed
First, load the following program using ‘SET’ and ‘INR’ keys.
CROUT send CR and LF characters to console, A, B, C and F are destroyed.
Address Data Mnemonic Comments
4.NMOUT (06C6) – Hex Number printing
NMOUT converts the 8 bit unsigned integer in A register to 2 ASCII F000 31 FF FE LXI SP Define Stack Pointer
characters representing 2 hex digits and prints the two digits on console. F003 00 NOP
Contents of A,B, and C, F are destroyed. F004 00 NOP
F005 00 NOP
5.GETHX (0626) F006 00 NOP
F007 00 NOP
Outputs : BC : 16 Bit Integer F008 00 NOP
D : Character which terminated the integer. F009 CD 6E 03 CALL Display contents of A into
Carry : 1 – First character is not delimiter Data Field
0 – If first character is delimiter. F00C 76 HALT Stop Executing
Destroys : A, B, C, D, E & F.
Now to understand exactly how the program works, let us take three
GETHX accepts a string of hex digits from the input stream and returns a simple instructions.
value, a 10 bit binary integer, taking only last four digits entered.
MVI A, D8
MVI B, D8
ADD B
RST 1

28. 5-10 5-11
The RST 1 instruction will be used so that the register status is saved and Execute the program at F000H and examine registers A & B, this
we can examine registers after executing the programs , using the ‘REG’ time the contents of register A are not 23 as before, but it is 34.
key. This is the result of instruction
a. Execute the program that has been entered at location F000H by ADD B, 80
using the ‘GO’ and ‘EXEC’ keys .‘E’ will appear in the address field Which contents of B are added to A, A become 34 (23+11).
showing that the program is being executed. Press ‘RES’ to reset
e. Now remove the CF from location F008 and replace it by 00 (NOP)
and ‘FrlEnd’ will appear.
again. Execute the program at F000H and observe the difference.
b. Modify the initial contents of location , as follows : This time the data field shows 34.Instruction CALL MODIDT has
F003 3E displayed the contents of register A in the data field.Execution of
F004 23 program now select different sets of instruction and study the effect
F005 CF of executing those instruction in the similar manner.
Execute the program at F000H and examine the register A and B. In case of long programs, it is very inconvient to insert the CF and
remove it for each step. Such programs can be studied by using
Contents of A should be 23, because the instruction MVI A , 23 the ‘STEP’ key which is already explained.
(3E 23 ) will load register A with 23.
Example 2 : RDKBD
c. Modify the locations again as follows :
The following program illustrate the utility of the subroutine RDKBD.
F005 06 Execute the following program and then examine register A . Register A
F006 11 will contain the value of the key you has pressed.
F007 CF
Address Data Mnemonic Comments
Execute the program at F000H and examine the registers A and B. F000 32 FF FE LXI SP, FEFF Define Stack Pointer
F003 00 NOP
Register A contain 23, and Register B will contain 11, because the F004 00 NOP
instruction MVI B, 11 (06 11) has now loaded the register B with F005 00 NOP
11.
F006 CD E7 02 CALL RDKBD Read Keyboard value
d. Modify the location again as follows : Into A.
F007 80 F009 CF RST 1 Save registers & return
F008 CF to monitor

29. 5-12 5-13
Address Data Mnemonics Comments
Example 3 : MODIDT
F000 31 FFFE LXI SP,FEFF Define stack pointer
This examples loads register A with a value and displays that value in the
F003 00 NOP
data field of the display.
F004 00 NOP
Address Data Mnemonic Comments F005 00 NOP
F006 CD E702 CALL RDKBD Read Keyboard into A
F000 31 FF FE LXI SP, FEFF Define stack F009 47 MOV B, A Transfer A to B
Pointer F00A CD E702 CALL RDKBD Read next key
F003 3E 96 MVI A, 96 Load A with F00D 80 ADD B Add B to A
Value 96 F00E CD 6E03 CALL MODIDT Display result in data
F005 CD 6E 03 CALL MODIDT Display contents field
F008 76 HLT of A in the data F001 C3 06F0 JMP F006 Wait for Next cycle
field
Addition Suggestions :
Example 4 : RDKBD + MODIDT 1. Modify this program using the DAA instruction to perform decimal
This example combines previous two programs and the Data field of display addition.
the value of the key pressed. 2. Write a program for 2 digit decimal addition using DAA and RLC
instructions.
Address Data Mnemonics Comments
Example 6 : 4 DIGIT HEX COUNTER
F000 31 FFFE LXI, SP FEFF Define stack
pointer This example program displays a 4 digit Hex count in the address field of
F003 00 NOP Unmak interrupt the display, from 000 to FFFF and again resets to 0000 before continuing
F004 00 NOP further count. The HL register pair is used for counting and the MODIDT
F005 00 NOP subroutine is used to obtain the display.
F006 CD E702 CALL RKBD Read keyboard
Into A Address Data Mnemonic Comments
F009 CD 6E03 CALL MODIDT Display A into
data field F000 31 FFFE LXI SP,FEFF Define stack pointer
F00C C3 06F0 JMP F006 Wait for next key F003 21 0000 LXI H, PUSH H Save HL on stack
F007 CD 6203 CALL MODIAD Display count in
Example 5 : HEX ADDITION address field
This program combines the RDKBD and MODIDT subroutines with the ADD F00A 11 0040 LXI D 4000 Set Delay
B instruction.The RDLBD subroutine reads two successive key entries and F00D CD F105 CALL DELAY Wait out Delay
adds them together in register A. The MODIDT subroutines then displays F010 EI POP H Restore HL
the result of this addition in the data field of the display. F011 23 INX H Increment count
F012 C3 06F0 JMP F006 Continue in loop

30. 5-14 5-15
Example 7 : 2 DIGIT DECIMAL COUNTER This program executedas GO F000 EXEC, and it can be stopped by
This program displays s decimal counter in the data field of display. The pressing the VI key.
count can be stopped using the VI key and restarted by pressing any key,
except the Reset key. The address field shows ‘E’ to indicate that user The count can be restarted by pressing any key other than Reset key.
program is being executed.
Address Data Mnemonics Comments 1. Change the speed of counter by modifying the contents of location
F011H which decides the delay.
F000 31 FFFE LXI SP,FEFF Define stack Pointer 2. Use the CPI instruction to compare the count with 60, & a conditional
F003 3E IB MVI A, IB Load A with 1B jump JNZ, converts this program to count only upto 59.Use the XRA
F005 30 SIM Set interrupt mask instruction to reset the accumulator to 00 after counting upto 59.
F006 FB EI Enable Interrupt
F007 06 00 MVI B, 00 Clear B Now set the delay in such a way that count advances by 1 per
F009 78 MOV A, B Load A from B second . This program coverts your MICROFRIEND DYNA – 85 into
F00A 27 DAA Decimal adjust A digital stop watch.
F00B 47 MOV B, A Load B from A 3. Write a program based on these basic ideas to display hours and
minutes in the address field and seconds in the data field. You can
F00C C5 PUSH B Save B on stack either have a 12 hour or 24 hour clock.
F00D CD 6E03 CALL MODIDT Display count
F010 16 18 MVI D, 18 Set Delay
Example 8 : FLASHING DISPLAY ‘LErn’
F012 CD F105 CALL DELAY Wait out delay
F015 C1 POP B Restore count This program flashes the message ‘Lern’ in the address field of the
F016 04 INR B Increment count dispay.
F017 C3 09F0 JMP F009 Continue
F020 3E 1F MVI A, 1F Load A with 1 F Adderss Data Mnemonic Comments
F022 30 SIM Set interrupt mask
F023 CD E702 CALL RDKBD Wait for a key to be F000 11 L
Pressed F001 0E E
F026 3E 1B MVI A, 1B Load a with 1B F002 14 r
F028 30 SIM Set interrupt mask F003 16 n
F029 FB EI Enable Interrupt F004 15 blank
F02A C9 RET Return F005 15 blank
FFCE C3 20F0 JMP F020 Jump to interrupt routine F006 15 blank

31. 5-16 5-17
Address Data Mnemonics Comments Example 9 : ROLLING DISPLAY
F010 31 FFFE LXI SP, FEFF Define stack pointer This program is included in the monitor FIRMWARE and it is accessible
F013 3E 01 MVI A, 01 Load A with 1 to use through code ‘0F’. On executing this code the display starts showing the
Data field. rolling message “dYnALOG hELPS YoU In LEArning UP”.
F015 06 00 MVI B, 00 No decimal point
F017 21 06F0 LXI, H F006 Get characters starting The rolling display is using the OUTPUT and DELAY subroutines. To
at F006H simulate the effect of rolling, characters are taken one from a string of
F01A CD B702 CALL OUTPUT Display them in data characters and the position is shifted from right to left.
field
F01D 3E 00 MVI A, 00 Use address field When the first letter appears in the highermost position, remaining 5 digits
F01F 06 00 MVI B, 00 No Decimal point must be blank.
F021 21 00F0 LXI H, F000 Get characters starting
at F000 This string starts with 5 blank characters. The last character in the string is
F024 CD B702 CALL OUTPUT Display them in address FFH, which is not used to display any letter but it is used only to detect the
Field end of string , so that the rolling can once again start from the beginning
F027 11 FFFF LXI D,FFFF Set Delay using a conditional jump instruction.
F02A CD F105 CALL DELAY Wait out delay
F02D 3E 00 MVI A, 00 The complete listing of this program is given in the FIRMWARE listing at
F02F 06 00 MVI B, 00 address 0E5BH.
F031 21 04F0 LXI H F004 Get blank
F034 CD B702 CALL OUTPUT Blank display Transfer this program from EPROM to RAM using CODE 00. Then modify
F037 11 FFFF LXI D, FFFF all the address locations suitably so that the same program can be
F03A CD F105 CALL DELAY executed form RAM.
F03D C3 1DF0 JMP F01D Continue Flashing
Now you can put any other message in the string and display that
Additional Suggestion : message.
1. Find out the location where the delay values are sorted.
Change these delay values to change the rate of flashing.
2. Select any other 4 character word and flash it on the display.
3. Select a 2 character word and place it at F004H and F005H
so that it flashes in between the flashing of 4 character word.

32. 6-1
CHAPTER 6
SERIAL I / O OPERATION
In the serial I / O section we will discuss about the RS232Ã and Audio
Cassette Interface. Apart from the Keyboard Mode, the serial Mode can be
selected with appropriate strapping. In the keyboard mode user can
communicate with the system only in hexadecimal format . The serial
mode is provided for the better interaction mode of communication using
a terminal. Normally the mode of cmmunation is ASCII ( American
Standard Code for Information Interchange).
To Correct MICROFRIEND with a terminal strap SID, the appropriate
signals are provided 7 pin cable type connect . After appropriately
connecting the terminal the standard Baud Rate is 110 with two stop bits.
When the system is powered on the in - built displays show SERIAL. This
routine expects a space character (20H in ASCII) from the terninal. The
system is claimed to be AUTO BAUD, that is after sensing the space
character from the terminal it will adjust to the appropriate Baud Rate and
hence forth communicate with this Baud Rate, until the next power ON or
the Reset key is pressed, the Baud Rate is unchanged.
Thus on power ON or Reset you press a space bar on TTY and sign on
message MICROFRIEND DYNA – 85 appears on the console . The
procedure is similsr for CRT type of terminals where the communication
mode is RS232C. RS232C is a EIA approved standard for communation.
For an active signal the channel will give -12V signal and for the inactive
signal the voltage will be +12V. This is to keep the long communication
line immune to noise and to connect a CRT terminal on RS232C link,
strap the SID line to CRT. The communication format is fully duplex, 8 bit
ASCII data , no parity start bit and two stop bits. Full Duplex means that
whatever character received from the terminal is echoed back.

33. 6-2 6-3
The later paragraphs will explain the operation of various commands 6.2.1 D – Display memory Command
supported under the serial section. The commands are in the form of a D
single alphabetical character specifying the command, followed by a list of
numerical or alphabetical parameters which are entered as hexadecimal Selected area of addressable memory may be accessed and
numbers, The monitor recognizes the character 0 through 9 and A through displayed by the D command. The D command produces a formatted
F as legal hexadecimal digits . Longer numbers may be entered but only listing of the memory contents between ( Low Address ) , and (High
the last four digits will be retained. Address ) , inclusive on the console. Each line of the listing begins
with the address of the first memory location displayed on that line,
The only command an alphabetical parameter is the ‘X’ command. The
represented as 4 hexadecimal digits , followed by up to 16 memory
nature of such parameter will be discussed in the section explaining the
command. location, each one represented by 2 hexadecimal digits.
6.1 USE OF MONITOR 6.2.2 G – Program Execute Command
G ( Entry Point )
The monitor allows you to enter, checkout and execute small programs. It
contains facilities for memory display and modification program loading Control of the CPU is transferred from the monitor to the user program
from console device and program initiation with a break-point facility. In by means of the program execute command G. The entry point should
addition, the key on the keyboard may be used to initiate your own be an address in RAM which contains an instruction in the program. If
keyboard interrupt routine. no entry point is specified , the monitor uses, as the address, which is
the value on the top of the stack when the monitor was entered.
6.2 COMMAND STRUCTURE
G Command Example
In the following paragraphs, the Monitor command language is discussed.
Each command is described and examples are included for clarity. Error G 2000
conditions that may be encountered while operating the monitor are Control is passed to location 2000.
described later.
The monitor requires each command to be terminated by a carriage return 6.2.2 I – Insert Instructions into RAM-1
with the exception of the ‘S’ and ‘X’ commands, the command is not acted I ( Address ) ( Data )
upon until the carriage return is sensed. Therefore, you may abort any
command , before entering the carriage return, if you have typed an illegal Single instruction , or an entire user program, are entered into RAM
character. with the I command. After sensing the carriage return terminating the
Except where indicated otherwise, a single space is synonymous with the command line , the monitor waits for the user to enter a string of
comma for use as a delimiter. hexadecimal digits ( 0 to 9 , A to F ) . Each digit in the string is
converted to its binary value, and then loaded into memory , beginning
Consecutive spaces or commas or a space or comma immediately
following the command letter, are illegal in all commands except the ‘X’ at the starting address specified and continuing with sequential
command. memory locations . Two hexadecimal digits are loaded into each byte
of memory.

34. 6-4 6-5
Seperators between digits ( Commas, Spaces, Carriage Returns ) are 1. Type S, followed by the hexadecimal address of the first memory
ignored, illegal characters, however will terminate the command with an location which is displayed, followed by a space or comma.
error message. (The character ESC or ALTMODE which is echoed on
the console as ‘$’ terminates the digit string. 2. The contents of the location are displayed, followed by a dash (-).
6.2.3 M – Move Memory Command 3. To modify the contents of the location displayed, type in the new
data, followed by a space, comma or carriage return.
M ( Low Address ) ( High Address ) ( Destination )
The M command moves the contents of memory between (Low Address) If you do not wish to modify the location type only space, comma
and ( High Address ) inclusive of the area of RAM beginning at or carriage return . The next higher memory location will
( destination ) .The contents of the field remain undistributed, unless the automatically be displayed as in step ( 2 ).
receiving field overlaps the source field.
4. Type a carriage return. The S command will be terminated.
The move operation is performed on a Byte–by-Byte basis, beginning at
(Low Address). Care should taken if ( Destination ) is between ( Low 6.2.5 X – Examine / Modify CPU Register Command
Address) and (High Address). For example, if l ocation 2010H contains X ( Register Identifier )
1A, the command M2010, 201F, 2011 will result in locations 2010H to
The displaying and modification of the CPU registers are
2020H containing ‘1A1A1A’ , and the original contents of the memory
accomplished via the X command. The X command uses (Register
will be lost.
Identifier) to select the particular register to be displayed. The register
identifier is asingle alphabetic character denoting a register, as defined
The monitor will continue to move data until the source field is exhausted
in table.
or until it reaches address FFFFH. If the monitor reaches FFFFH without
exhausting, the source field, it will move data into this location and then
X command register identifiers :
stop.
Identifier code Register
6.2.4 S – Substitute Memory
A Register A
S ( Address ) ( Data) B Register B
C Register C
The S command allows you to examine and optionally modify memory D Register D
locations individually. The command functions as follows : E Register E
F Flags Byte

35. 6-6 6-7
The bits in the byte (F) and interrupt mask (I) are encoded as follows :
Identifier code Register
The format of F register :
I Interrupt mask S Z X C X P X C
H Register H
L Register L
M Register H & L combined Carry
S Stack Pointer Parity
P Program Counter
Aux.Carry
Zero
The command operates as follows :
1. Type X, followed by a register identifier or a carriage return. Sign X= Undefined
The format of I register :
2. The contents of the register are displayed (Two hexadecimal digits for
A, B, C, D, E, F, I, H and L, four hexadecimal digits for M, S and P) I M M M
followed by a dash(-).
3. The register can be modifiedby typing the new value, followed by a
space comma, or carriage return. If no modification is desired, type 0 0 0 0 E 7.5 6.5 5.5
only the space comma or carriage return.
4. If a space or comma is typed in step (3), the next register in sequence
will be displayed as in step 2. If P was displayed the command is Interrupt Mask
terminated. If a carriage return is entered in step 3, the X command is
terminated. Interrupt enable flag
5. If a carriage return is typed in step (1) above, an annotated list of all
6.3 PROGRAM DEBUGGING
registers and their contents are displayed.
The monitor treats the RST 1 instruction (CF) as a special sequence
initiater. When the RST 1 instruction is executed, the monitor will
automatically save the complete CPU status, and after pressing the
space bar , it outputs the sign-on message MICROFRIEND DYNA-85
on the console. Now you may display the contents of the CPU status
register by initiating the ‘X’ command. After examining the machine
status and making any changes you can resume execution of the
program by inputting ‘G’ and carriage return on the console. You can
step through large portions of your program by inserting RST 1
instructions at key location.

36. 6-8 6-9
6.4 ERROR CONDITIONS 2. I COMMAND EXAMPLE :
Each character is checked as it is entered from the console. As soon as 1 1 0 0 0 (CR)
the monitor determines that the last character entered is illegal, it aborts 0123456789A$
the commands and issues ‘*’ to indicate an error has occurred.
This command puts the following into RAM.
6.5 ADDRESS VALUE ERRORS 3. M COMMAND EXAMPLE :
Some commands require an address pair in the form of ( Low Address ) M 0 0 0 0, 0 0 1 0, F 0 0 0 (CR)
( High Address ). While these commands are used and the value of Low
address is greater than or equal to the value of high address, the action Block area from 0H to 0010H (27 Bytes) is moved to RAM from
indicated by the command will be performed on the data at low address F000H. User can check it with two commands.
only.
D0, 10 (CR) and
Addresses are evaluated modulo 210 , thus if a hexadecimal address DF000, F020 (CR)
greater than FFFFFH is entered, only the last 4 hex digits will be used.
Another type of address error may occur when you specify a part of 4. S COMMAND EXAMPLE :
memory in a command which does not exit in the hardware configuration
you are using. SF000 3E- 00-05 D3-00 05-07 (CR)
In general, if a nonexistent portion of memory is specified as the source
field for an instruction, the data fetched will be unpredictable. If a non The location F000H which contains 3E is unchanged. Location F001H
existent portion of memory is given as the distrinct field in a command, contains 00 is replaced with 05 , location F002H contains D3 is
the command effect. replaced with 00 and F0003H contains 05, which is replaced by 07.
The user can verify it with the D command.
6.6 COMMAND EXAMPLES
6.7 AUDIO CASSETTE I/F
1. D COMMAND EXAMPLE :
DC5, D6 (CR) Till now the full discussion was concentrated on CRT (RS232C) type
of communication interface . Additional useful interface provided on
00C5 DA 9D 00 C3 E9 01 CD 00 02 CD E7 SID and SOD lines of 8085 Microprocessor is the Audio Cassette I/F.
00D0 02 FE 10 CA EC 00 32

37. 6-10 6-11
The System RAM is volatile, i.e. whenever the power is OFF, data is If Err is displayed. It indicates :
lost.EPROM is nonvolatile storage but it is costly and consumes more
time for erasing and reburning. Open area for RAM (SS-SE)
Improper formatting
Audio Cassette I/F is cheap and fast to use. You can store 30K bytes Checksum mismatch
on one side of the C60 cassette. The two commands SAVE and LOAD Noisy Tape recorde/ tape
in operating section explain the use of this interface. In this section the
background of this interface is discussed . A file management type of BAUD RATE TABLE 6.1
storage is supported . A very reliable , ‘Simple Hardware Complex (At 6,144 MHz Crystal)
Software’ type frequency modulation method is used for MF-DYNA 85.
BIT 0 2KHz 8 cycles + 1KHz 2 cycles 6 ms
BIT 1 2KHz 4 cycles + 1KHz 4 cycles 6ms Baud Rate Bit-Time Half Bit
Byte Start Bit ( 0 ) bit 7 to bit 0 1 stop 110 08C6 04E3
Bit 10*6 60ms 150 05B2 03D9
FILE Hexadecimal file.
300 03D7 026C
SAVE / LOAD SEQUENCE : 600 0269 01A5
1200 02B2 0159
4800 0157 012C
SS
LOAD FILE SE SS CHKSUM MIDSYNC DATA TAIL
9600 0129 0115
SYNC NAME SS SYNC 19200 0112 0109
0107 0104
1KHz 1 Byte 2 Bytes 1Byte 1 Byte 2 KHz Variable 2KHz
4 Sec. 2 Sec. Data 2Sec. Please note that only while using the CIN and COUT routines off line.
You have to load these HALFBIT and BITTIME.
The data rate is 165 bps in 30 min. You can store (165 * 30 * 60) * 10
Bytes 25 K. In all other situations the AUTOBAUD software will adjust to
terminal baud rate ( Any nonstandard baud rates also ). While loading
The Output could be connected to MIC or AUX IN of CRTs. the locations are FF9AH for HALFBIT and FFCOH for BITTIME
The total procedure for SAVING and LOADING is explained in command For 600 Baud, load the following using the SET command :
chapter.
FFC0 – 69
FFC1 – 02
FF9A – A5
FF9B – 01

38. 7-1
CHAPTER 7
FOR THE MICROFRIEND ILC USER
This manual can be utilized for the user of MICROFRIEND ILC, also
because MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 is the upgraded version of ILC
(W/P).
The differences between MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 and ILC are as
follows :
1) In DYNA-85 Address, Data and Control lines are brought on to
a 50 pin FRC connector instead of the 56 pin STD connector
provided on ILC.
2) In DYNA-85, three 16 bit timer/ counter channels are available
onboard using the 8253 chip and it is brought on to a 10 pin
connector.
3) RAM sockets are provided with battery back up on DYNA-85
which is not present on the ILC.
All command, codes, keyboard functions and monitor programs of ILC
are the same as that of DYNA-85 system.
The Memory and I/O mapping are also the same as DYNA-85. Any
program written on DYNA-85 will work on ILC and vice versa,expect the
routine code related to the timer/counter of 8253.

39. 7-2 A-1
The details of the 56 pin edge connector is given below : APPENDIX A
Pin No. Signal Pin No. Signal
Name Name
CONNECTOR & STRAPPING DETAILS
1 +5V 29 A0 The connectors on MICROFRIEND-DYNA 85 are designated as
2 +5V 30 A8 follows :
3 GND 31 WR
4 GND 32 RD J1 : 50 pin Edge connector with STD compatible signals
5 NC 33 IORQ J2 : 26 pin flat cable connector for 8155
J3 : 26 pin flat cable cinnector 8255
6 NC 34 MEMRQ
J4 : 26 pin flat cable connector for 8279
7 AD3 35 IOEXP
J5 : 7 pin power supply connector
8 AD7 36 NC
J6 : 7 pin connector for serial I/O
9 AD2 37 NC
J7 : 10 pin FRC connector for 8253
10 AD6 38 NC
11 AD1 39 S1
12 AD5 40 S0 Connector J1 : DYNA-85 Bus Interface
13 AD0 41 BUSAK (HLDA)
Pin No. Signal Name Pin No. Signal Name
14 AD4 42 BUSRQ (HOLD)
15 A7 43 INTA 1 + 5V 26 A10
16 A15 44 INTRQ 2 + 5V 27 A1
17 A6 45 3 GND 28 A9
18 A14 46 NMIRQ 4 GND 29 A0
19 A5 47 SYSRST 5 RDY 30 A8
20 A13 48 PBRESET 6 ALE 31 WR
21 A4 49 CLK 7 AD3 32 RD
22 A12 50 NC 8 AD7 33 IORQ
9 AD2 34 IO/ M
23 A3 51 NC
10 AD6 35 IOEXP
24 A11 52 NC
11 AD1 36 IOEXP1
25 A2 53 NC
12 AD5 37 IOEXP2
26 A10 54 NC
13 AD0 38 IOEXP3
27 A1 55 +12V 14 AD4 39 NMIRQ
28 A9 56 -12V

40. A-2 A-3
Connector J3 : 8255 Connector
Pin No. Signal Name Pin No. Signal Name
Pin No. Signal Name Pin No. Signal Name
15 A7 40 CS2 1 PA3 2 PA2
16 A15 41 HLDA 3 PA1 4 PA0
17 A6 42 HOLD 5 VCC 6 PA7
18 A14 43 INTA 7 PA6 8 PA5
19 A5 44 INTRQ 9 PA4 10 PC7
20 A13 45 CLK 11 PC6 12 PC5
21 A4 46 RST6.5 13 PC4 14 PC0
22 A12 47 SYSRESET 15 PC1 16 PC2
23 A3 48 PBRESET 17 PC3 18 PB0
24 A11 49 RST5.5 19 PB1 20 PB2
25 A2 50 RST7.5 21 PB3 22 PB4
23 PB5 24 PB6
Connector J2 : 8155 Connector 25 PB7 26 GND
Pin No. Signal Name Pin No. Signal Name Connector J4 : 8279 Connector
Pin No. Signal Name Pin No. Signal Name
1 PA3 2 PA2 1 RL0 2 RL1
3 PA1 4 PA0 3 RL2 4 RL3
5 VCC 6 PA7 5 RL4 6 RL5
7 PA6 8 PA5 7 RL6 8 RL7
9 PA4 10 TIM OUT 9 OUT A3 10 OUT A2
11 TIM IN 12 PC5 11 OUT A1 12 OUT A0
13 PC4 14 PC0 13 OUT B3 14 OUT B2
15 PC1 16 PC2 15 OUT B1 16 OUT B0
17 PC3 18 PB0 17 NC 18 VCC
19 PB1 20 PB2 19 CNTL 20 SHIFT
21 PB3 22 PB4 21 NC 22 GND
23 PB5 24 PB6 23 SL3 24 SL2
25 PB7 26 GND 25 SL1 26 SL0

41. A-4 B-1
Connector J5 : Power Supply Connector APPENDIX B
Pin No. Signal Name
ADD-ON CARDS FOR MICROFRIEND DYNA-85
1 GND
2 GND
3 + 5V The MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 trainer and development system
4 + 5V supports various type of add-on interfacing cards like DYNA study
5 + 12V card, PIO cards. These cards are designed for the novice as well as
6 -12V those who already know about microprocessors, to carry out
7 NC experiments for the purpose of thorough understanding of the
peripheral chips and interfacing with external world.
Connector J6 : Serial Connector
List of add on card supported by DYNA-85 is as follows :
Pin No. Signal Name
1 NC 1) DYNA-SERIES PERIPHERAL STUDY CARDS
2 NC
3 NC [A] DYNA-PIO : 8155 STUDY CARD
4 NC [B] DYNA-PIO/1 : 8212 STUDY CARD
5 TXD [C] DYNA-PIO/2 : 8255 STUDY CARD
6 RXD [D] DYNA-TIMER : 8253 STUDY CARD
7 GND [E] DYNA-SERIAL : 8251 STUDY CARD
[F] DYNA-LBDR : LATCH, BUFFER, DECODER,
RAM
Connector J7 : 8253 Connector STUDY CARD
[G] DYNA-INTR : 8259 STUDY CARD
Pin No. Signal Name Pin No. Signal Name [H] DYNA-KBDISP : 8279 STUDY CARD
[I] DYNA-DCM : DC MOTOR CONTROL
1 GATE 0 2 GATE 1 STUDY CARD
3 GATE 2 4 GND [J] DYNA-TWH : THUMBWHEEL STUDY CARD
5 CLK 0 6 OUT 0
7 CLK 1 8 OUT 1
9 CLK 2 10 OUT 2 And many more study cards will be made available in the DYNA-
SERIES.

42. B-2 D-1
2) DMS-PIO CARDS APPENDIX D
[A] HEX KEYPAD CARD.
MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 MONITOR LISTING
[B] STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLLER CARD. ADDRESS NAME FUNCTION
[C] ELEVATOR SIMULATOR CARD.
[D] D TO A CONVERTER CARD. 0000 RST 0 COLD START Resets & Reinitializes
[E] A TO D CONVERTER CARD. all
[F] LOGIC INTERFACE CARD. 0008 RST 1 WARM START Stores all CPU status
[G] SERIAL DISPLAY CARD. 004E SIGNONK Friend Message
[H] DIGITAL I/O SIMULATOR CARD 0066 CMMND Keyboard command
recognizer
For further information or demonstration of the above cards with 0092 REG 'REG' Command entry
DYNA-85, please contact us or our dealers. examine/modify
CPU registers
00CB RUN Execute user program
00FD STEP STEP/Breakpoint user
program
018B SET Examine/Modify
memory
01D7 ** CLEAR Clear display. Dot as
per B flag
01E9 * CLDIS Clear display,
Terminate command
01F1 CLDST Subroutine for Cold
Start
0200 DISPC Display program
counter & contents
0215 ** ERR Display FErr &
terminate command
022B ** GTHEX Get hex digits from the
keyboard as per B flag
026C * HXDSP Expand hex digits for
display
028E ININT Input interrupt RST 5.5
processing

43. D-2 D-3
ADDRESS NAME FUNCTION ADDRESS NAME FUNCTION
029F * INSDG INSERT hex digit in A into DE 065B ** GETNM Get specified count of
02A8 NXTRG Advance register pointer to next numbers from input
reg. stream
02B7 ** OUTPUT Output characters to display 06A0 * HIL0 Compare HL & DE
02E7 ** RDKBD Read characters from KBD in A 06C7 ** NMOUT Outputs two ASCII
02F7 RETF Return False characters for each
02FA RETT Return True number in A
02FC RGLOC Get register save location 06E2 PRVAL Convert hex to ASCII
0309 RGNAM Display register name 06EA REGDS Display contents of
031B RSTOR Restore user registers register save one
0344 SETRG SET Register pointer location
035F MODIAD Update address field of display 071B RGADR From a character
from CURAD denoting register gets
0362 ** MODADI Update address field of display the saved location
from HL address
036B MODIDT Update address field of display 0732 SRET Success return
from WRDT 0734 STHF0 Store to lower half zero
036E ** MODIDT1 Update data field of display 073F STHLF Store into specified half
from A byte of DE the 4 bit
03FA SIGNON Print MICROFRIEND-I on TTY value in C
0408 GETCM Get commands from TTY 075E VALDG 0-9 & A-F valid hex
0437 DCMD Display memory block degit check
0468 GCMD Execute user program 0779 VALDL Valid delimiter check
0486 IMCD Insert byte into memory 0841 CODECMD CODE Command
04D0 SCMD Block move during memory 085C MOVE BLOCK Move Block of Memory
04F0 SCMD Examine & Modify memory CODE 00
0514 XCMD Examine & Modify registers 088D FILL BLOCK Fill block of RAM with
0590 ** CIN Gets character in A from TTY variable CODE 01
05BB * CNVBN Converts ASCII hex to Binary 08A6 COMPL CMENT Complement RAM
05C4 ** COUT Outputs ASCII character in C to block CODE 0E
TTY 08BD BLOCK Search Search a given block
05EB ** CROUT Outputs CR & CF to console for variable CODE 04
05F1 ** DELAY Returns when count in DE 08D4 * DISPLAY Display
become 0 match/mismatch & wait
05F8 ** ECHO Gets character from console & for INR
sends it back 08DD INSERT Insert a byte in a block
0611 * ERROR Outputs to console CODE 02
061C FRET 0929 DELETE Delete a byte from a
061F ** GETCH Get a character from input block code 03
stream 0951 HEX-DECIMAL CODE 05 Hexadecimal
0626 ** GETHX Accept a string of hex digits to Decimal
from input stream

44. D-3 D-4
ADDRESS NAME FUNCTION ADDRESS NAME FUNCTION
-- DEC-HEX CODE 06 Decimal to 0D28 LOAD Load from cassette to
Hex conversion RAM
09D7 SERIAL Baud Rate id, Sign, 0D5C TAPEIN Input a byte from tape
Command 0D84 BITIN Input a bit at a time
09E3 BRID Baud Rate identification from Tape
0A10 CNVBN Convert to Binary 0DAB PRVRG Previous register
0A19 TPO Break point loading 0DBA CHK INR or DCR Check
0A4B SSTEP Break point checking 0DC3 INR DCR
0A78 * LDALL Load SS, SE & DS 0DD9 VALCHI Validity Check
0A93 LDSSE Load SS & SE 0DF8 * BITSPAS Pass Bits in serial
0AC2 * DTDISP Display as per code mode
0AE6 BLANKCHK Check EPROM for 0E0F SRL1 Display Serial
erasure code 0B 0E50 * COMPARE Block compare
0B16 Pr LOAD Load Pr (Program)type compares two blocks
0B35 DUPL Duplicate CODE 0A SS, SE & ds
055B COPY Copy PROM into RAM 0E5B CODE OF
CODE 09 0EA2 Guess game CODE 0D
0B65 CHKSUM Checksum given
PROM CODE 'OC' * These routines are very useful to the user & are re-explained
0BA7 VERIFY Verify RAM VS EPROM in the programming section
CODE '08'
0BD6 * READ Read from COPY
PROM At a given ADR
0BF1 PROGRAM Program given memory
block in COPY ODE 07
0C46 SRKD SS/SE and Sr. Loading
0C6B MESG Display message like
P,V,C,D
0CB7 SAVE Save from memory
block onto cassette
0CDD TAPEOUT Output a byte in C onto
tape
0CFC BURST Output a burst of signal

45. D-5 D-6
0028 C3C2FF JMP RST 5.5 ;BRANCH TO RST 5
SOFTWARE LISTING OF MICROFRIEND-DYNA-85 LOCATION IN RAM INPUT
INTERRUPT ENTRY POINT
(RST 5.5)
LOC OBJ SOURCE STATEMENT 002C ORG 2CH
"RESET" KEY ENTRY POINT-COLD 002C C397FF JMP ININT ;BRANCH TO USER RAM RST
START RST 0 ENTRY POINT 6 ENTRY POINT
0000 3E00 MVI A, KMODE ;GET CONTROL 0030 ORG 30H
CHARACTER 0030 C3C5FF JMP RSET6 ;BRANCH TO RST 6
0002 D30500 OUT CTRL ;SET LOCATION IN RAM HARD
KEYBOARD/DISPLAY MODE WIRED USER INTERRUPT
0005 C3F101 JMP CLDST ;GO FINISH COLD START ENTRY POINT (RST 6.5)
CLDBK ;THEN JUMP BACK HERE 0034 ORG 34H
0008 ORG 8 0034 C3C8FF JMP RESET 6.5 ;BRANCH TO RST 675
SAVE REGISTERS LOCATION IN RAM
0008 22EFFF SHLD LSAV ;SAVE H & L 0038 ORG 38H
REGISTERS 0038 C3CBFF JMP RSET7 ;BRANCH TO RST 7
000B E1 POP H ;GET USER PROGRAM LOCATION IN RAM
COUNTER "VECTORED INTERRUPT"
FROM TOP OF STACK KEY ENTRY POINT(RST 7.5)
000C 22F2FF SHLD PSAV ;/AND SAVE IT 003C ORG 3CH
000F F5 PUSH PSW ; 003C C3CEFF JMP USINT ;BRANCH TO USER
0010 E1 POP H INTERRUPT LOCATION IN
0011 22EdFF SHLD FSAV ;SAVE FLIP/FLOP & RAM.
REGISTER A RES10 ; CONTINUE SAVING USER
0014 210000 LXI H, 0 ;CLEAR H & L STATUS
0017 39 DAD SP ;GET USER STACK POINTER ;GET USER INTERRUPT
0018 22F4FF SHLD SSAV ;AND SAVE IT STATUS AND INTERRUPT
001B 21EDFF LXI H, BSAV+1 ;SET STACK POINTER MASK
FOR SAVING 003F 20 RIM ;GET USER INTERRUPT
001E F9 SPHL ;REMAINING REGISTERS STATUS AND INTERRUPT
001F C5 PUSHB ;SAVE B& C MASK
0020 D5 PUSHD ;SAVE D & E 0040 E60F ANI 0FH ;KEEP STATUS & MAK BITS
0021 C33F00 JMPRES10 ;LEAVE ROOM FOR 0042 32F1FF STA ISAV ;SAVE INTERRUPT STATUS &
VECTORED INTERRUPTS MASK
TIMER INTERRUPT (TRAP) ENTRY POINT (RST 4.5)-- 0045 3E0E MVI A, UNMASK ;UNMASK INTERRUPTS
0024 ORG 24H FOR MONITOR USE
0024 C35701 JMP STP 25 ;BACK TO SINGLE STEP 0047 30 STM ;INTERRUPTS DISABLED
ROUTINE RST5 ENTRY WHILE MONITOR IS
POINT RUNNING (EXCEPT WHEN
0028 ORG 28H WAITING FOR INPUT)
0049 20 RIM ;TTY OR KEYBOARD
MONITOR?
004A 07 RLC ;IS TTY CONNECTED?

46. D-7 D-8
****************************************
0048 DAD709 JC SERIAL ;YES - BRANCH TO FUNCTION ; COMMD-COMMAND RECOGNIZER
TTY MONITOR INPUTS ; NONE
;NO - ENTER KEYBOARD OUTPUT ; NONE
MONITOR CALLS ; RDKBD, ERR, SET, REG, RUN, STEP, CODE,
SAVE, LOAD DESTROYS ; A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
******************************************
BEGINNING OF KEYBOARD MONITOR CODE 0066 31E9FF LXIH MNSTK ;MONITOR SP INITIALIZED
***************************************************** 0069 3E90 MVI A, ADISP ;USE ADDRESS FIELD
OUTPUT SIGN-ON MESSAGE 006B D305 OUT CNTRL ;OUTPUT TO CNTRL
004E AF XRA A ;ARG-USE ADDRESS FIELD 006D 3E1E MVI A, F ;PROMPT
OF DISPLAY 006F D304 OUT DATA ;OUTPUT F TO START OF
004F 0600 MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-NO DOT IN ADDRESS ADDRESS
FIELD 0071 00 NOP
0051 21A063 LXI H, SGNAD ;ARG-GET ADDRESS OF 0072 CDE702 CALL RDKBD ;READ KEYBOARD
ADDRESS FIELD PORTION 0075 010B00 LXI B, NUMC ;COUNTER FOR NUMBER OF
OF SIGN-ON MESSAGE COMMANDS IN C
0054 CDB702 CALL OUTPUT ;OUTPUT SIGN ON MESSAGE 0078 210008 CMD10 LXI H, CMDTB ;GET ADDRESS OF
TO ADDRESS FIELD COMMAND TABLE
0057 3E01 MVI A, DTFLD ;ARG-USE DATA FIELD OF 0078 BE CMP M ;RECOGNIZE THE COMMAND?
DISPLAY 007C CA8700 JZ CMD15 ;YES GO PROCESS IT
0059 0600 MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-NO DOT IN DATA FIELD 007F 23 INX H ;NO-NEXT COMMAND TABLE
PORTION OF SIGN-ON ENTRY
MESSAGE 0080 0D DCR C ;END OF TABKE?
005B 21AA03 LXI H, SGNOT ;ARG-GET ADDRESS OF 0081 C27800 JNZ CMD10 ;NO-GP CHECK NEXT ENTRY
DATA FIELD PORTION OF ;YES - COMMAND UNKNOWN
SIGN-ON MESSAGE 0084 C31502 JMP ERR ;DISPLAY ERROR MESSAGE
005E CDB702 CALL OUTPUT ;O/P SIGN-ON MESSAGE TO AND GET ANOTHER
DATA FIELD COMMAND
0061 3E80 MVI A, EMPTY CMD15
0063 32FEFF STA IBUFF ;SET INPUT BUFFER EMPTY 0087 210B08 LXI H, CMDAD ;GET ADDRESS OF
FLAQ COMMAND ADDRESS TABLE
008A 0D DCR C ;ADJUST COMMAND
COUNTER COUNTER ACTS
AS POINTER TO COMMAND
ADDRESS TABLE

47. D-9 D-10
008B 09 DAD B ;ADD POINTER TO TABLE 00A3 7E MOV A, M ;GET REGISTER CONTENTS
ADDRESS 00A4 32F8FF STA CURDT ;STORE REGISTER
008C 09 DAD B ; TWICE BECAUSE TABLE HAS CONTENTS AT CURRENT
2 BYTE ENTRIES DATA
008D 7E MOV A, M GET LOW ORDER BYTE OF 00A7 0601 MVI B, DOT ;ARG-DOT IN DATA FIELD
COMMAND ADDRESS 00A9 CD6B03 CALL UPDOT ;UPDATE DATA FIELD OF
008E 23 INX H DISPLAY
008F 66 MOV H, M ;GET HIGH ORDER BYTE OF 00AC 0601 MVI A, DTFLD ;ARG-USE DATA FIELD OF
COMMAND DISPLAY
0090 6F MOV L, A ;PUT LOW ORDER BYTE IN L 00AE CD2B02 CALL GTHEX ;GET HEX DIGIT-WERE ANY
COMMAND ROUTINE DIGIT RECEIVED FALSE
ADDRESS IS NOW IN H & L EXM10;NO-DOT UPDATE
0091 E9 PCHL ;BRANCH TO ADDRESS IN H REG.CONTENT
&L 00B1 D2B800 JNC EXM10
00B4 CDFC02 CALL RGLOC ;YES GET REGISTER SAVE
************************ LOCATION IN H & L
COMMAND ROUTINES 00B7 73 MOV M, E ;UPDATE REGISTER
************************ CONTENTS EXAM10
FUNCTION ; REG EXAMINE AND MODIFY REGISTERS 00B8 FE11 CPI PERIO ;WAS LAST CHARACTER A
INPUTS ; NONE PERIOD ?
OUTPUTS ; NONE 00BA CAE901 JZ CLDIS ;YES CLEAR DISPLAY AND
CALLS ; CLEAR, SETRG, ERR, RGNAM, RGLOC, TERMINATE COMMAND
UPDDT, GTHEX, NXTRG 00BD FE10 CPI COMMA ;WAS LAST CHARACTER. ?
DESTROYS ; A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S REG 00BF C2E60D JNZ PRRG ;NO JUMP TO PREVIOUS
REG.
0092 0601 MVI B, DOT;ARG-DOT IN ADDRESS 00C2 CDA802 CALL NXTRG ;YES ADVANCE REG.
FIELD OF DISPLAY POINTER TO NEXT REG.
0094 CDD701 CALL CLEAR ;CLEAR DISPLAY ANY MORE REGISTER TRUE
0097 CD4403 CALL SETRG ;GET REGISTER EXAM05 ;YES CONTINUE
DESIGNATOR FROM PROCESSING WITH NEXT
KEYBOARD AND SET REGISTER
REGISTER/POINTER 00C5 DA9D00 JC EXAM05
ACCORDINGLY WAS 00C8 C3E901 JMP CLDIS ;NO CLEAR DISPLAY AND
CHARACTER A REGISTER TERMINATE COMMAND
DESIGNATOR
FALSE ERR ;NO-DISPLAY ERROR MSG. *************************************************
AND TERMINATE COMMAND FUNCTION RUN -EXECUTE USER PROGRAM
009A D21502 JNC ERR INPUTS ; NONE
EXAM05 OUTPUTS ; NONE
009D CD0903 CALL RGNAM ;OUTPUT REGISTER NAME CALLS ; DISPC, RDKBD, CLEAR, ERR, OUTPT
TO ADDRESS FIELD DESTROYS ; A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
00A0 CDFC02 CALL RGLOC ;GET REGISTER SAVE
LOCATION IN H & L

48. D-11 D-12
00FA C31B03 JMP RSTOR ;RESTORE USER
RUN REG.INCLUDING PROGRAM
00CB CD0002 CALL DISPC ;DISPLAY USEER PROGRAM COUNTER i.e.BEGIN
COUNTER EXECUTION OF USER
00CE CDE702 CALL RDKBD ;READ FROM KEYBOARD PROGRAM
00D1 FE11 CPI PERIO ;IS CHAR. IS PERIOD ? **************************************************************
00D3 CAEC0 JZ GIO ;YES GO EXECUTE THE FUCTION ; STEP-SINGLE STEP(EXECUTE 1 USER
COMMAND INSTRUCTION)
;NO ARG CHARACTER IS IN A INPUTS ; NONE
00D6 32FEFF STA IBUFF ;REPLACE CHARACTER IN OUTPUTS ; NONE
INPUT BUFFER CALLS ; DISPC, RDKBD, CLEAR, GTHEX, ERR
00D9 0601 MVI B, DOT ;ARG DOT IN ADDRESS DESTROYS; A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
FIELD STEP
00DB CDD701 CALL CLEAR ;CLEAR DISPLAY 00FD CD0002 CALL DISPC ;DISPLAY USER
00DE 0600 MVI B, ADFLD ;ARG USE ADDRESS FIELD PROG.COUNTER
00E0 CD2B02 CALL GTHEX ;GET HEX DIGITS 0100 CDE702 CALL RDKBD ;READ FROM KEYBOARD
00E3 FE11 CPI PERIO ;WASLASTCHAR. A PERIOD 0103 FE11 CPI PERIO ;WAS CHARACTER A
00E5 C21902 JNZ ERR ;NO-DISPLAY ERROR MSG. PERIOD?
AND TERMINATE COMMAND 0105 CAE901 JZ STP20 ;YES GO TO STP20
00E8 EB ECHG ;PUT HEX VALUE FROM 0108 FE10 CPI COMMA ;WAS LAST CHARATER '.'?
GTHEX TO H & L 010A CA2601 JZ CLD1S ;YES-GO SET TIMER
00E9 22F2FF SHLD PSAV ;HEX VALUE IS NEW USER NO-CHARACTER FROM
PC KEYBOARD WAS NEITHER
00EC 0600 G10 MVI B, NODOT ;YES-ARG-NO DOT IN PERIOD NOR COMMA
ADDRESS FIELD 010D 32FEFF STA IBUFF ;REPLACE THE CHARACTER
00EE CDD701 CALL CLEAR ;CLEAR DISPLAY IN THE INPUT BUFFER
00F1 AF XRA A ;ARG-USE-NO ADDRESS 0110 0601 MVI A, DOT ;ARG-DOT IN ADDRESS
FIELD OF DISPLAY FIELD
00F2 0600 MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-NO DOT IN 0112 CDD701 CALL CLEAR ;CLEAR DISPLAY
ADDR. FIELD 0115 0600 MVI B, ADFLD ;ARG-USE ADDRESS FIELD
00F4 21A203 LXI H, EXMSG ;GET ADDRESS OF OF DISPLAY
EXECUTION MESSAGE 0117 CD2B02 CALL GTHEX ;GET HEX DIGIT-WERE ANY
IN H & L DIGITS RECIEVED ?
00F7 CDB702 CALL OUTPT ;DISPLAY EXECUTION FALSE ERR ;NO DISPLAY ERROR MSG.
MESSAGE AND TERMINATE COMMAND
011A D21502 JNC ERR

49. D-13 D-14
011D EB XCHG ;HEX VALUE FROM GTHEX TO HL 0161 F1 POP PSW ;RETRIEVE PSW
011E 22F2FF SHLDX PSAV ;HEX VALUE IN NEW USER PC 0162 22EFFF SHLD PSAV ;SAVE H & L
0121 FE11 CPI PERIO ;WAS LAST CHAR. FROM GTHEX A 0165 E1 POP H ;GET USER PROGRAM
PERIOD ? COUNTER FROM TOP OF
0123 C4190A CNZ STP0 ;NO-GO TO CHECK BREAK THE STACK
0126 3AF1FF STP20 LDA ISAV ;GET USER INTERRUPT
MASK 0166 22F2FF SHLD PSAV ;SAVE USER PC
0129 E608 ANI 08H ;KEEP INTERRUPT STATUS 0169 F5 PUSH PSW
012B 32FDFF STA TEMP ;SAVE USER INTERRUPT 016A E1 POP H
STATUS 016B 22EDFF SHLD PSAV ;SAVE FLIPFLOP & A REG.
012E 2AF2FF LHLD PSAV ;GET USER PC 016E 210000 LXI H, 0H ;CLEAR H & L
0131 7E MOV A, M ;GET USER INSTRUCTION 0171 39 DAD SP ;GET USER STACK POINTER
0132 FEF3 CPI (DI) ;DI INSTRUCTION ? 0172 22F4FF SHLD SSAV ;SAVE USER STACK
0134 C23B01 JNZ STP21 ;NO POINTER
0137 AF XRA A ;YES-RESET USER INTR. 0175 21EDFF LXI H, BSAV+1 ;SET MONITOR STACK
STATUS POINTER
0138 C34201 STP21 JMP STP22 0178 F9 SPHL ;SAVING REMAINING USER
013B FEFB CPI (EI) ;EI INSTRUCTION ? REG
013D C24501 JNZ STP23 ;NO 0179 C5 PUSH B ;SAVE B & C
0140 3E08 MVI A,08H ;YES SET USER INTR. STATUS 017A D5 PUSH D ;SAVE D & C
0142 32FDFF STP22 STA TEMP ;SAVE NEW USER INTR 017B 20 RIM ;GET USER INTERRUPT
STATUS MASK
0145 3E40 MVI A,(TIMER SHR8);HIGH ORDER BITS OF 017C E607 ANI 07H ;KEEP MASK BITS
TIME OR TMODE VALUE 017E 21FDFF LXI H, TEMP ;GET USER INTERRUPT
OR'ED WITH MODE STATUS
0147 D30D OUT TIMHI 0181 B6 ORA M ;OR IT INTO MASK
0149 3EC5 MVI A,TIMER AND 0FFH;LOW ORDER BITS 0182 32F1FF STA ISAV ;SAVE INTR. STATUS& MASK
OFTIMER VAL 0185 3E0E MVI A, UNMASK;UNMASK INTERRUPT
014B D30C OUT TIMLO FOR MONITOR USE
014D 3AFFFF LDA USCSR ;GRT USER IMAGE OF WHAT'S 0187 30 SIM
IN CSR 0188 C34B0A JMP SSTEP ;GO GET READY FOR
0150 F6C0 ORI TSTRT ;SET TIMER COMMAND BITS ANOTHER INSTR.
TO START TIMER
0152 D308 OUT CSR ;START TIMER
0154 C31B03 JMP RSTOR ;RESTORE USER REGISTERS
0157 F5 STP25 PUSH PSW ;BRANCH HERE WHEN TIMER
INTERRUPTS AFTER 1 USER INSTR
0158 3AFFFF LDA USCSR ;GET USER IMAGE WHAT'S IN
SCR
015B E63F ANI 3FH ;CLEAR TWO HIGH ORDER
BITS
015D F640 ORI 40H ;SET TIMER STOP BIT
015F DE08 OUT CSR ;STOP TIMER

50. D-15 D-16
*************************************************** 01AF CD6B03 CALL UPDDT ;UPDATE DATA FIELD OF
FUNCTION : SET-SUBSTITUTE MEMORY DISPLAY
INPUTS : NONE 01B2 0601 MVI B, DTFLD ;ARG-USE DATA FIELD
OUTPUTS : NONE 01B4 CD2B02 CALL GTHEX ;GET HEX DIGITS-WERE ANY
CALLS : CLEAR, GTHEX, UPADD, UPDDT, ERR HEX DIGITS RECIEVED?
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S 01B7 F5 PUSH PSW ;SAVE LAST CHARACTER
SET FALSE SUB10 ;NO LEAVE DATA
UNCHANGED
018B 0601 MVI B, DOT ;ARG-DOT IN ADDR. FIELD 01B8 D2C401 JNC SUB10 ;AT CURRENT ADDRESS
018D CDD701 CALL CLEAR ;CLEAR THE DISPALY 01BB 2AF6FF LHLD CURAD ;YES-GET CURRENT
0190 0600 MVI B, ADFLD ;ARG-USE ADDRESS FIELD ADDRESS IN H & L
OF DISPLAY 01BE 73 MOV M, E ;STORE NEW DATA AT
0192 CD2B02 CALL GTHEX ;GET HEX DIGITS-WERE ANY CURRENT ADDRESS
DIGIT RECIEVED MAKE SURE DATA WAS ACTUALLY STORED IN CASE
FALSE ERR ;NO-DISPLAY ERROR MSG. CURRENT ADDRESS IN ROM OR IS NON-EXISTANT
AND 01BF 7B MOV A, E ;DATA FOR A COMPARISON
0195 D21502 JNC ERR ;TERMINATE COMMAND 01C0 BE CMP M ;WAS DATA STORED
0198 EB XCHG ;ASSIGN HEX VALUE CORRECTLY
RETURNED BY GTHEX TO 01C1 C21502 JNZ ERR ;NO DISPLAY ERROR MSG.
CURRENT ADDR. AND TERMINATE COMMAND
0199 22F6FF SHLD CURAD 01C4 C3C30D SUB10 JMP INRDCR ;INCREMENT
019C CDBA0D SUB05 CALL CHK ;CALL CHK ROUTINE DECREMENT CHECK
019F 000000 NOP 01C7 22F6FF SUB20 SHLD CURAD
01A1 0600 SUB MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-NO DOT IN ADDR. 01CA C3A101 JMP SUB ;RETRIEVE LAST
FIELD CHARACTER
01A3 CD5F03 CALL UPDAD ;UPDATE ADDR.FIELD OF 01CF FE11 SUB15 CPI PERIO ;WAS LAST CHARACTER '.'?
DISPLAY 01D1 C21502 JNZ ERR ;NO-DISPLAY ERROR MSG.
01A6 2AF6FF LHLD CURAD ;GET CURRENT ADDR. IN H & AND TERMINATE COMMAND
L 01D4 C3E901 JMP CLDIS ;YES-CLEAR DISPALY AND
01A9 7E MOV A, M ;GET DATA BYTE POINTED TERMINATE COMMAND
TO BY CURRENT ADDRESS
01AA 32F8FF STA CURDT ;STORE DATA BYTE AT
CURRENT DATA
01AD 0601 MVI B, DOT ;ARG-DOT IN DATA FIELD

51. D-17 D-18
*******************************************************************
********************************************** FUNCTION : CLDIS-CLEAR DISPLAY AND TERMINATE
UTILITY ROUTINES COMMAND
********************************************** INPUTS : NONE
FUNCTION : CLEAR-CLEAR THE DISPLAY OUTPUTS : NONE
INPUTS : B-DOT FLAG 1 - MEANS DOT IN ADDR. FIELD OF CALLS : CLEAR
DISPLAY DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
0 - MEANS NO DOT DESCRIPTION : CLDIS IS JUMPED TO BY COMMAND
OUTPUTS : NONE ROUTINES WISHING TO TERMINATE
CALLS : OUTPT NORMALLY. CLDIS CLEARS THE
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, FF'S DISPLAY AND BRANCHES TO THE
DESCRIPTION : CLEAR SENDS BLANK CHARACTERS COMMAND RECOGNISER.
TO BOTH THE ADDRESS & DATA 01E9 0600 CLDIS MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-NO DOT IN ADDR.
FIELD OF THE DISPLAY.IF THE FIELD
DOT FLAG IS SET THEN A DOT WILL 01EB CDD701 CALL CLEAR ;CLEAR THE DISPLAY
APPEAR AT THE RIGHT EDGE OF 01EE C36600 JMP COMMAND ;GO GET ANOTHER
THE ADDRESS FIELD. COMMAND
CLEAR
01D7 AF XRA A ;ARG-USEADDRESS FIELD OF ****************************************************
DISPLAY ARG-FLAG FOR DOT IN FUNCTION : CLDST -COLD START
ADDR. FIELD IN B INPUTS : NONE
01D8 219A03 LXI H, BLNKS ;ARG-ADDRESS OF BLANKS OUTPUTS : NONE
FOR DISPLAY CALLS : NOTHING
01DB CDB702 CALL OUTPT ;O/P BLANKSTOADDR.FIELD DESTROYS : A
01DE 3E01 MVI A, DTFLD ;ARG-USE DATA FIELD FOR DESCRIPTION : CLDST IS JUMPED BY THE MAIN
DISPLAY COLD START
01E0 0600 MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-USE NO DOT IN DATA PROCEDURE,COMPLETES COLD
FIELD START INITIALIZATION
01E2 219A03 LXI H, BLNKS ;ARG-ADDRESS OF BLANKS AND JUMPS BACK TO THE MAIN
FOR DISPLAY COLD START PROCEDURE.
01E5 CDB702 CALL OUTPT ;OUTPUT BLANKS TO DATA CLDST
FIELD 01F1 3EC0 MVI A, KBINT ;GET CONTROL CHAR.
01E8 C9 RET ;RETURN 01F3 D30500 OUT CNTRL ;INITIALIZE KEYBOARD/
DISPLAY BLANKING
01F7 3E00 MVI A, CSNIT ;INITIAL VALUE OF
COMMAND STATUS REG.
01F8 D308 OUT CSR ;INITIALIZE CSR
01FA 32FFFF STA USCSR ;INITIALIZE USER CSR VALUE
01FD C32B0E JMP CLD0 ;BACK TO MAIN PROCEDURE

52. D-19 D-20
*************************************************************** *********************************************
FUNCTION : DISPC-DISPLAY PROGRAM COUNTER FUNCTION : ERR-DISPLAY ERROR MASSEGE
INPUTS : NONE INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : UPDAD,UPDDT CALL : OUTPT
DESTYROYS: A, B, C, D, E, H, L, FF'S DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, FF'S
DESCRIPTION : DISPC- DISPLAYS THE USER DESCRIPTION : ERR IS JUMPED TO BY COMMAND
PROGRAM COUNTER IN ADDRESS ROUTINES WISHING TO TERMINATE
FIELD OF THE DISPLAY,WITH A DOT BECAUSE OF AN ERROR ERR
AT THE RIGHT EDGE OF THE OUTPUTS AN ERROR MESSEGS TO
FIELD.THE BYTE OF DATA THE DISPLAY AND BRANCHES TO
ADDRESSED BY THE PROGRAM THE COMMAND RECOGNISER.
COUNTER IS DISPLAYED IN THE ERR
DATA FIELD OF DISPLAY 0215 AF XRA A ;ARG-USE ADDRESS FIELD
DISPC 0216 0600 MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-NO DOT IN ADDRESS
0200 2AF2FF LHLD PSAV ;GET USER PROGRAM FIELD
COUNTER 0218 219E03 LXI H, ERMSG ;ARG-ADDRESS OF ERROR
0203 22F6FF SHLD CURAD ;MAKE IT THE CURRENT MESSAGE
ADDRESS 021B CDB702 CALL OUTPT ;OUTPUT ERROR MESSAGE
0206 7E MOV A, M ;GET THE INSTRUCTION TO ADDRESS FIELD
AT THAT ADDRESS 021E 3E01 MVI A, DTFLD ;ARG-USE DATA FIELD
0207 32F8FF STA CURDT ;MAKE IT THE CURRENT 0220 0600 MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-NO DOT IN DATA FIELD
DATA 0222 219A03 LXI H, BLNKS ;ARG-ADDRESS OF BLANKS
020A 0601 MVI B, DOT ;ARG-DOT IN ADDRESS FOR
FIELD 0225 CDB702 CALL OUTPT ;OUTPUT BLANKS TO DATA
020C CD5F03 CALL UPDAD ;UPDATE ADDRESS FIELD OF FOR DISPLAY
DISPLAY 0228 C36600 JMP CMMND ;GO GET A NEW COMMAND
020F 0600 MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-NO DOT IN DATA FIELD
0211 CD6B03 CALL UPDDT ;UPDATE DATA FIELD OF
DISPLAY
0214 C9 RET

53. D-21 D-22
******************************************** 0235 FE10 CPI 10H ;IS CHAR. A HEX DIGIT?
FUNCTION : GTHEX-GET HEX DIGITS 0237 D25502 JNC GTH20 ;NO-GO CHECK FOR
INPUTS : B - DISPLAY FLAG -0 MEANS USE ADDRESS TERMINATOR.
FIELD OF DISPLAY YES-ARG-NEW HEX DIGIT IS
1 - MEANS USE DATA FIELD OF DISPLAY IN A
OUTPUTS : A - LAST CHARACTER READ FROM KEYBOARD 023A D1 POP D ;ARG-RETRIEVE HEX VALUE
DE - HEX DIGITS FROM KEYBOARD EVALUATED 023B CD9F02 CALL INSDG ;INSERT NEW DIGIT IN HEX
MODULO 2**16 VALUE
CARRY - SET IF AT LEAST ONE VALID HEX 023E C1 POP B ;RETRIEVE DISPLAY FLAG
DIGIT WAS READ RESET OTHERWISE 023F 0301 MVI C, 1 ;SET HEX DIGIT FLAG i.e.
CALLS : RDKBD, INSDG, HXDSP, OUTPT HEX DIGIT HAS BEEN READ
DESTROYS: A, B, C, D, E, H, L, FF'S 0241 C5 PUSH B ;SAVE DISPLAY AND HEX
DESCRIPTION : GTHEX ACCEPTS A STRING OF HEX DIGIT FLAGS
DIGITS FROM THE KEYBOARD, 0242 D5 PUSH D ;SAVE HEX VALUE
DISPLAYS THEM AS THEY ARE 0243 78 MOV A, B ;TEST DISPLAY FLAG
RECIEVED AND RETURNS THEIR 0244 0F RRC ;SHOULD ADDRESS FIELD
VALUE AS A 16 BIT INTEGER. IF FIELD OF DISPLAY BE USED
MORE TAHN 4 HEX DIGITS ARE 0245 D24902 JNC GTH10 ;YES-USE HEX VALUE AS IS
RECIEVED ONLY THE LAST 2 HEX NO-ONLYLOWORDER BYTE
DIGITS ARE DISPLAYED IN THE OF HEX VALUE SHOULD BE
DATA OF THE DISPLAY. IN EITHER USED FOR DATA FIELD OF
CASE,A DOT WILL BE DISPLAYED AT DISPLAY
THE RIGHTMOST EDGE OF THE 0248 53 MOV D, E ;PUT LOW ORDER BYTE OF
FIELD. A CHARACTER WHICH IS HEX VALUE IN D
NOT A HEX DIGIT TERMINATES ARG-HEX VALUE TO BE
THE STRING AND IS RETURNED AS EXPANDED IN D & E
AN OUTPUT OF THE FUCTION. IF 0249 CD6C02 GTH10 CALL HXDSP ;EXPAND HEX VALUE
THE TERMINATORS IS NOT A FOR DISPLAY ARG-
PERIOD OR A COMMA THEN ANY ADDRESS OF EXPANDED
HEX DIGITS WHICH MAY HAVE HEX VALUE IN H & L
RECIEVED ARE CONSIDERED TO BE 024C 78 MOV A, B ;ARG-PUT DISPLAY FLAG IN
INVALID. THE FUNCTION RETURNS A
A FLAG INDICATING WHETHER 024D 0601 MVI B, DOT ;ARG-DOT IN APPROPRIATE
OR NOT ANY VALID HEX DIGITS FIELD
WERE RECIEVED. 024F CDB702 CALL OUTPT ;OUTPUT HEX VALUETO
DISPLAY
022B 0E00 GTHEX MVI C, 00 ;RESET HEX DIGIT 0252 C33202 JMP GTH05 ;GOGETNEXT CHARACTER
FLAG ;LAST CHAR WAS NOT A HEX
022D C5 PUSH B ;SAVE DISPLAY AND HEX DIGIT
DIGIT FLAGS 0255 D1 GTH20 POP D ;RETRIEVE A HEX VALUE
022E 110000 LXI D, 0 ;SET HEX VALUE TO ZERO 0256 C1 POP B ;RETRIEVE HEX DIGIT FLAG
0231 D5 PUSH D ;SAVE HEX VALUE IN C
0232 CDE702 GTH05 CALL RDKBD ;READ KEYBOARD 0257 C33202 JMP VALCH ;VALIDITY CHECK

54. D-23 D-24
025A 0000 NOP ;YES-READY TO RETURN 026D 0F RRC ;CONVERT 4 HIGH ORDER
025C FE11 CPI PERIO ;NO-WAS LAST CHAR. '.'? BITS TO A SINGLE
025E CA6702 JZ GTH25 ;YES READY TO RETURN CHARACTER
`NO-INVALID TERMINATOR- 026E 0F RRC
IGNORE ANY HEX DIGIT 026F 0F RRC
READ 0270 0F RRC
0261 110000 LXI D, 0 ;SET HEX VALUE TO ZERO 0271 E60F ANI 0FH
0264 C3F702 JMP RETF ;RETURN FALSE 0273 21F9FF LXI H, BUFF ;GET ADDR.OF OUTPUT
0267 47 GTH25 MOV B, A ;SAVE LAST CHARACTER BUFFER
0268 79 MOV A, C ;FHIFT HEX DIGIT FLAG TO 0276 77 MOV M, A ;STORE CHAR.IN O/P
0269 0F RRC ;CARRY BIT BUFFER
026A 78 MOV A, B ;RESTORE LAST 0277 7A MOV A, D ;GET FIRST DATA BYTE AND
CHARACTER CONVERT 4 LOW ORDER
026B C9 RET ;RETTURN BITS TO A SINGLE
CHARACTER.
*************************************************** 0278 E60F ANI 0FH
FUNCTION : HXDSP-EXPAND HEX DIGITS FOR DISPLAY 027A 23 INX H ;NEXT BUFFER POSITION
INPUTS : DE-4 HEX DIGITS 027B 77 MOV M, A ;STORE CHAR.IN BUFFER
OUTPUTS : HL-ADDRESS OF OUTPUT BUFFER 027C 7B MOV A, E ;GET SECOND DATA BYTE
CALLS : NOTHING 027D 0F RRC ;CONVERT 4 HIGH ORDER
DESTROYS : A, H, L, F/F'S 027E 0F RRC ;BITS TO A SINGLE CHAR.
DESCRIPTION : HXDSP EXPANDS EACH INPUT BYTE 027F 0F RRC
TO 2 BYTE IN A FORM SUITABLE 0280 0F RRC
FOR DISPLAY BY THE OUTPUT 0281 E60F ANI 0FH
ROUTINES.EACH HEX DIGIT IS 0283 23 INX H ;NEXT BUFFER POSITION
PLACED IN THE LOW ORDER 4 BITS 0284 77 MOV M, A ;STORE CHAR. IN BUFFER
OF A BYTE WHOSE HIGH ORDER 4 0285 7B MOV A, E ;GET SECOND DATA BYTE &
BITS ARE SET TO ZERO. THE ;CONVERT LOW ORDER 4
RESULTING BYTE IS STORED BIT
IN THE OUTPUT BUFFER THE 0286 E60F ANI 0FH ;TO A SINGLE CHARACTER
FUNCTION RETURNS THE 0288 23 INX H ;NEXT BUFFER POSITION
ADDRESS OF THE OUTPUT BUFFER. 0289 77 MOV M, A ;STORE CHAR. IN BUFFER
HXDSP 028A 21F9FF LXI H, OBUFF ;RETURN ADDRESS OF
026C 7A MOV A, D ;GET FIRST DATA BYTE OUTPUT
028D C9 RET ;BUFFER IN H & L

55. D-25 D-26
028E DB05 INBYTE IN, STATUS ;GET 8279 FIFO ********************************************************
0290 E607 ANI,07 ;STATUS & KEEP FUNCTION : NXTRG - ADVANCE REGISTER POINTER TO
0292 FE00 CPI,00 ;COUNT NEXT REG.
0294 CA8E02 JZ,INBYTE ;IF NO ENTRY WAIT INPUTS : NONE
0297 3E40 MVI A,40H ;IF ENTRY OF OUTPUTS : CARRY - 1 IF POINTER IS AADVANNCE
KEYBOARD IN SUCCESSFULLY
0299 D305 OUT 05H ;FIFO 0 OTHERWISE
029B DB04 IN,DATA ;THEN GET BYTE IN CALLS : NOTHING
ACC. DESTROYS : A, F/F'S
029D C9 RET DESCRIPTION : IF THE REG.POINTER POINTS TO
029E FF ;BLANK THE LAST REG.
IN THE EXAMINE REG. SEQUENCE,
**************************************************************** THE POINTER
FUNCTION : INSDG-INSERT HEX DIGIT IS NOT CHANGED AND THE
INPUTS : A - HEX DIGIT TO BE INSERTED FUNCTION RETURNS FALSE.
DE - HEX VALUE IF THE REG. POINTER DOES NOT
OUTPUTS : DE - HEX VALUE WITH DIGIT INSERTED POINT TO THE LAST
CALLS : NOTHING REG. THEN THE POINTER IS
DESTROYS : A, F/F'S ADVANCED TO THE NEXT
DESCRIPTION : INSDG SHIFTS THE CONTENTS OF D REG. IN THE SEQUENCE & THE
& E. LEFT 4 BITS (1 HEX DIGIT) & FUNCTION RETURNS TRUE.
INSERTS THE HEX DIGIT INA. THE NXTRG
LOW ORDER DIGIT POSITION OF 02A8 3AFDFF LDA RDPTR ;GET REG. POINTER
THE RESULT. A IS ASSUMED TO 02AB FE0C CPI NUMRG-1 ;DOES POINTER POINT TO
CONTAIN A SINGLE HEX DIGIT IN LAST REGISTER
THE LOW ORDER 4 BITS AND 02AD D2F702 JNC RETF ;YES-UNABLE TO ADVANCE
ZEROS IN THE HIGH ORDER POINTER RETURN ELSE
4 BITS. 02B0 3C INR A ;NO ADVANCE REG.POINTER
***************************************************************** 02B1 32FDFF STA RGPTR ;SAVE REGISTER POINTER
02B4 C3FA02 JMP RETT ;RETURN TRUE
029F EB XCHG ;PUT D & E IN H & L
02A0 29 DAD H
02A1 29 DAD H
02A2 29 DAD H
02A3 29 DAD H
02A4 85 ADD L ;INSERT LOW ORDER DIGIT
02A5 6F MOV L, A
02A6 EB XCHG ;PUT H & L IN D & E
02A7 C9 RET

56. D-27 D-28
02C4 3E94 MVI A, DDISP ;CONTROL CHARACTER FOR
**************************************************** O/P TO DATA FIELD OF
FUNCTION : OUTPUT - O/P CHARACTER TO DISPLAY DISPLAY
INPUTS : A - DISPLAY FLAG 0=USE ADDRESS FIELD 02CC6 D30500 OUT10 OUT CNTRL
1 = USE DATA FIELD 02C9 7E OUT15 MOV A, M ;GET O/P CHARACTER
B - DOT FLAG 1 = O/P DOT AT RIGHT EDGE OF 02CA EB XCHG ;SAVE O/P CHARACTER
FIELD ADDRESS IN D & E
0 = NO DOT 02CB 217803 LXI H, DSPTB ;GET DISPLAY FORMAT
HL - ADDRESS OF CHARACTER TO BE OUTPUT TABLE ADDRESS
CALLS : NOTHING 02CE 85 ADD L ;USE O/P CHARACTER AS A
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S POINTER TO DISPLAY
DESCRIPTION : OUTPUT SENDS CHARCTERS TO FORMAT TABLE
THE DISPLAY. THE ADDRESS 02CF 6F MOV L, A
OF THE CHARACTER IS RECIEVED 02D0 7E MOV A, M ;GETDISPLAYFORMAT
AS AN ARGUMENT EITHER CHARACTER FROM TABLE
2 CHARACTERS ARE SENT TO THE 02D1 61 MOV H, C ;TEST COUNTER WITHOUT
DATA FIELD,OR 4 CHARACTERS CHANGING IT
ARE SENT TO THE ADDRESS FIELD 02D2 25 DCR H ;IS THIS THE LAST
? DEPANDING ON THE DISPLAY CHARACTER
FLAG ARGUMENT THE DOT FLAG 02D3 C2DC02 JNZ OUT20 ;NO-GO OUTPUT CHAR.
ARGUMENT DETERMINES AS IS
WHETHER OR NOT A DOT (DECIMAL 02D6 05 DCR B ;YES-IS DOT FLAG SET?
POINT) WILL BE SENT ALONGWITH 02D7 C2DC02 JNZ OUT20 ;NO-GO OUTPUT CHAR.
THE LAST OUTPUT CHARACTER. AS IS
OUTPT 02DA F601 ORI DTMSK ;YES-ORINMASKTO DISPLAY
02B7 0F RRC ;USE DATA FIELD? DOT WITH LAST CHARACTER
02B8 DAC202 JC OUT05;YES-GO SET UP TO USE DATA 02DC 00 OUT20 NOP
FIELD 02DD D30400 OUT DSPLY ;SEND CHARACTER TO
02BB 0E04 MVI C, 4 ;NO-COUNT FOR ADDR. DISPLAY
FIELD 02E0 EB XCHG ;RETRIEVE O/P
02BD 3E90 MVI A, ADISP ;CONTROL CHARCTER FOR CHAR.ADDRESS
OUTPUT TO ADDRESS FIELD 02E1 23 INX H ;NEXT O/P CHARACTER
OF DISPLAY 02E2 0D DCR C ;ANY MORE O/P CHARACTER
02BF C3C602 JMP OUT10 02E3 C2C902 JNZ OUT15 ;YES-GO PROCESS
02C2 0E02 OUT05 MVI C, 2;COUNT FOR DATA FIELD ANOTHER CHARACTER
02E6 C9 RET ;NO-RETURN

57. D-29 D-30
**************************************************** 02F8 3F CMC ;COMPLEMENT CARRY TO MAKE
FUNCTION : RDKBD-READ KEYBOARD 02F9 RET ;IT FALSE
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : A - CHARCATER READ FROM KEYBOARD *******************************************************
CALLS : NOTHING FUNCTION : RETT-RETURN TRUE
DESTROYS : A, H, L, F/F'S INPUTS : NONE
DESCRIPTION : RDKBD DETERMINES WHETHER OR OUTPUTS : CARRY=1 TRUE
NOT THERE IS A CHARACTER IN CALLS : NOTHING
THE INPUFT BUFFER IF NOT THE DESTROYS : CARRY
FUNCTION ENABLES INTERRUPTS DESCRIPTION : RETT IS JUMPED TP BY ROUTINES
AND LOOPS UNTIL THE INPUT WISHING TO RETURN TRUE. RETT
INTERRUPT ROUTINE STORES A SETS CARRY TO 1 AND RETURNS
CHARACTER IN THE BUFFER.WHEN TO THE CALLER OF THE ROUTINE
THE BUFFER CONTAINS A INVOKING RETT.
CHARACTER,THE FUNCTION FLAGS RETT
THE BUFFER AS EMPTY AND 02FA 37 STC ;SET CARRY TRUE
RETURNS THE CHARACTER AS 02FB C9 RET
OUTPUT.
RDKBD ********************************************************
02E7 21FFFF LXI H,IBUFF FUNCTION : RGLOC-GET REGISTER SAVE LOCATION
02EA 7E MOV A, M INPUTS : NONE
02EB B7 ORA A ;IF HIGHER ORDER BIT OUTPUTS : HL-REGISTER SAVE LOCATION
02EC F2F302 JP RDKIO ;ONE THEN CALLS : NOTHING
02EF F3 DI ;BUFFER EMPTY,DISABLE DESTROYS : B, C, H, L, F/F'S
INT. DESCRIPTION : RGLOC RETURNS THE SAVE
02F0 CD8E02 CALL INBYT ;INPUT BYTE LOCATION OF THE REG.
02F3 3680 RDKIO MVI M, EMPTY ;SET B INDICATED BY THE CURRENT
02F5 FB EI REGISTER POINTER VALUE.
02F6 C9 RET RGLOC
02FC 2AFDFF LHLD RGPTR ;GET REG. POINTER
******************************************************* 02FF 2600 MVI H, 0 ;IN H AND L
FUNCTION : RETF-RETURN FALSE 0301 01ED03 LXI B, RGTBL ;GET REG.SAVE
INPUTS : NONE LOCATION TABLE
OUTPUTS : CARRY =0 FALSE ADDRESS
CALLS : NOTHING 0304 09 DAD B ;POINTER INDEXES
DESTROYS : CARRY TABLE
DESCRIPTION : RETF IS JUMPED TO BY FUNCTIONS 0305 6E MOV L, M ;GET LOW ORDER
WISHING TO RETURN FALSE.RETF BYTE OF REGISTER
RESETS CARRY TO 0 AND RETURNS SAVE LOCATION
TO THE CALLER OF THE ROUTINE 0306 26FF MVI H,(RAMST SHR B) ;GET HIGH
INVOKING RETF. ORDER BYTE OF
RETF 0308 C9 RET ;REGISTER SAVE
02F7 37 STC ;SET CARRY TRUE LOCATION

58. D-31 D-32
*********************************************************** ********************************************************
FUNCTION : RGNAM-DISPLAY REGISTER NAME FUNCTION : RSTOR-RESTORE USER REGISTER
INPUTS : NONE INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : OUTPT CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION : RGNAM DISPLAYS IN THE ADDRESS DESCRIPTION : RSTOR RESTORES SALL CPU
FIELD OF THE DISPLAY, THE REGISTERS,FLIP/FLOPS,
REGISTER NAME CORRESPONDING INTERUPT STATUS, INTERRUPT,
TO THE CURRENT REGISTER STACK POINTER AND PROGRAM
POINTER VALUE. COUNTER FROM THEIR
RGNAM RESPACTIVE SAVE LOCATION IN
0309 2AFDFF LHLD RGPTR ;GET REGISTE POINTER MEMORY,BY RESTORING THE
030C 2600 MVI H, 0 PROGRAM COUNTER,THE
030E 29 DAD H ;MULTIPLY POINTERVALUE BY 4 ROUTINE EFFECTIVELY TRANSFERS
030F 29 DAD H ;REG. NAME TABLE HAS 4 BYTE CONTROL TO THE ADDRESS IN THE
ENTRIES) PROGRAM COUNTER SAVE
0310 01B903 LXI B, NMTABL ;GET ADDRESS OF START OF LOCATION.THE TIMING OF THIS
REGISTER NAME TABLE ROUTINE IS CRITICAL TO THE
0313 09 DAD B ;ARG-ADD TABLE ADDRESS TO CORRECT OPERATION OF THE
POINTER-RESULT IS ADDRESS OF SINGLE STEP ROUTINE.
APPROPRIATE REG.NAME IN H & L IF ANY MODIFICATION CHANGES
0314 AF XRA A ;ARG-USE ADDRESS FIELD OF THE NUMBER OF CPU STATUS
DISPLAY NEEDED TO EXECUTE THE
0315 0600 MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-NO DOT IN ADDR.FIELD ROUTINE THEN THE TIMER VALUE
0317 CDB702 CALL OUTPT ;OUTPUT REGISTER NAME TO MUST BE ADJUSTED BYTHE SAME
031A C9 RET ADDRES FIELD NUMBER.THIS IS ALSO ENTRY
POINT FOR THE TTY MONITOR
TO RESTORE THE REGISTER.
RSTOR
031B 3AF1FF LDA ISAV ;GET USER INTERRUPT
MASK
031E F618 ORI 18H ;ENABLE SETTING OF
INTERRUPT MASK AND
RESET RST7.5 FLIP FLOP

59. D-33 D-34
0320 30 SIM ;RESTORE USER INTERRUPT MASK CONVERTED TO THE
RESTORE USER INTERUPT STATUS CORROSPONDING
0321 3AF1FF LDA ISAV ;GET USER INTERRUPT MASK REGISTER POINTER
0324 E608 ANI 08H ;SHOULD USER INTERRUPT BE VALUE, THE POINTER IS
ENABLED SAVED, AND THE FUNCTION
0326 CA2D03 JZ RST05 ;NO-LEAVE INTERRUPT DISABLED RETURNS
0329 FB EI ;YES-ENABLE INTERRUPT FOR 'TRUE'.OTHERWISE,THE
USER PROGRAM FUNCTION RETURNS'FALSE'
032A C33103 JMP RSR10 SETRG
032D 37 RSR05 STC ;DUMMY INSTRUCTION-WHEN 0344 CDE702 CALL RDKBD ;READ FROM KEYBOARD
SINGLE STEP ROUTINE IS BEING 0347 FE11 CPI 10H ;IS CHARACTER A DIGIT?
USED,THE 0349 D2F702 JNC RETF ;NO-RETURN FALSE-
032E D23103 LNC RSR10 ;TIMER IS RUNNING AND EXECUTE CHARACTER IS NOT
TIME FOR THIS ROUTINE MUST NOT A REGISTER DESIGNATOR
VARY 034C D603 SUI 3 ;YES-TRY TO CONVERT
0331 21E9FF RSR10 LXI H, MNSTK ;SET MONITOR STACK REGISTER DESIGNATOR TO
POINTER TO START OF STACK INDEX INTO REGISTER
0334 F9 SPHL ;WHICH IS ALSO END OF REGISTER POINTER TABLE WAS
SAVE AREA CONVERSION SUCCESSFU?
0335 D1 POP D ;RESTORE REGISTERS 034E DAF702 JC RETF ;NO-RETURN FALSE
0336 C1 POP B 0351 4F MOV C, A ;INDEX TO B & C
0337 F1 POP PSW 0352 0600 MVI B, 0
0338 2AF4FF LHLD SSAV ;RESTORE USER STACK POINTER 0354 21AC03 LXIH, RGPTB ;GET ADDRESS OF
033B F9 SPHL REGISTER POINTER TABLE
033C 2AF2FF LHLD PSAV 0357 09 DAD B ;INDEX POINTS INTO TABLE
033F E5 PUSH H ;PUT USER PROGRAM COUNTER ON 0358 7E MOV A, M ;GET REGISTER POINTER
STACK FROM TABLE
0340 2AEFFF LHLD LSAV ;RESTORE H & L REGISTERS 0359 32FDFF STA RGPTR ;SAVE REGISTER POINTER
0343 C9 RET ;JUMP TO USER PROGRAM 035C C3FA02 JMP RETT ;RETURN TRUE
COUNTER
********************************************************
******************************************************** FUNCTION : MODIAD-UPDATE ADDRESS FIELD OF
FUNCTION : SETRG-SET REGISTER POINTER DISPLAY
INPUTS : NONE INPUTS : B - DOTFLAG - 1 MEANS PUT DOT AT
OUTPUTS : CARRY-SET IF CHARACTER FROM KEYBOARD RIGHTEDGEOF FIELD
IS A REGISTER DESIGNATOR RESET OUTPUTS : NONE
OTHERWISE. CALLS : HXDSP,OUTPT
CALLS : RDKBD DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
DESTROYS : A, B, C, H, L, F/F'S DESCRIPTION : UPDAD UPDATES THE ADDRESS
DESCRIPTION :SETRG - READS A CHARACTER FROM THE FIELD OF THE DISPLAY USING THE
KEYBOARD IF THE CHARACTER IS A CURRENT ADDRESS
REGISTER DESIGNATOR, IT IS

60. D-35 D-36
MODIAD 0379 01 A0
035F 2AF6FF LHLD CURAD ;GET CURRENT ADDRESS 037A 02 7C
0362 EB XCHG ;ARG-PUT CURRENT IN D & E 037B 03 F4
0363 CD6C02 CALL HXDSP ;EXPAND CURRENT ADDRESS FOR 037C 04 A6
DISPALY. ARG-ADDRESS OF 037D 05 D6
EXPANDED ADDRESS IS IN H & L 037E 06 DE
0366 AF XRA A ;ARG-USE ADDRESS FIELD OF 037F 07 B0
DISPLAY 0380 08 FE
0367 CDB702 CALL OUTPT ;OUTPUT CURRENT ADDRESS TO 0381 09 B6
ADDRESS FIELD 0382 0A BE
036A C9 RET 0383 0B CE
0384 0C 5A
******************************************************** 0385 0D EC
FUNCTION : MODIDT - UPDATE DATA FIELD OF DISPLAY 0386 0E 5E
INPUTS : B - DOT FLAG - 1 MEANS PUT DOT AT RIGHT OF 0387 0F 1E
FIELD 0388 H AE
0 MEANS NO DOT 0389 L 4A
OUTPUTS : NONE 038A P 3E
CALLS : HXDSP,OUTDT 038B I A0
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F, S 038Cr 0C
DESCRIPTION : UPDDT UPDATES THE DATA FIELD 038D BLANK 00
OF THE DISPLAY 038E n 8C
USING THE CURRENT DATA BYTE 038F U EA
UPDDT: 0391 h 8E
036B 3AF8FF LDA CURDT ;GET CURRENT DATA 0391 G DA
036E 57 MOV D, A ;ARG-PUT CURRENT DATA IN D 0392 J E0
036F CD6C02 CALL HXDSP ;EXPAND CURRENT DATA FOR 0393 y E6
DISPLAY. ARG-ADDRESS OF 0394 O CC
EXPANDED DATA IS IN H & L. 0395 3E46 4(19)
0372 3E01 MVI A, DTFLD ;ARG-USE DATA FIELD OF DISPLAY 0397 01FF
ARG-DOT FLAG IS IN B 0399 01FF
0374 CDB702 CALL OUTPT ;OUTPUT CURRENT DATA TO DATA
FIELD
0377 C9 RET
0378 00 FA

61. D-37 D-38
MESSAGES FOR OUTPUT TO DISPLAY 03B0 0C DB 12 :PCL
039A 15 BLANKS DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, BLANK 03B1 07 DB 7 :H
;FOR ADDRESS OR DATA FIELD. 03B2 08 DB 8 :L
039B 15 03B3 00 DB 0 :A
039C 15 03B4 01 DB 1 :B
039D 15 03B5 02 DB 2 :C
039E 15 ERMSG DB BLANK, LETRE, LETRR, LETRR 03B6 03 DB 3 :D
;ERROR MESSAGE FOR ADDRESS 03B7 04 DB 4 :E
FIELD 03B8 05 DB 5 :FLAGS
039F 0E
03A0 14 ********************************************************
03A1 14 EXMSG DB LETRE, BLANK, BLANK, BLANK NMTBL : REGISTER NAME TABLE
;EXECUTION MESSAGE : NAMES OF REGISTER IN DISPLAY FORMAT
03A2 0E 03B9 15 DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRA
03A3 15 ;A REGISTER
03A4 15 03BA 15
03A5 15 03BB 15
03A6 0F SGNAD DB F r I E 03BC 0A
;SIGN ON MESSAGE 03BD 15 DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRB
(ADDR. FIELD) ;B REGISTER
03A7 14 03BE 15
03A8 13 03BF 15
03A9 0E 03C0 0B
03AA 16 SGNDT DB n d 03C1 15 DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRC
;SIGN ON MESSAGE(DATA FIELD) ;C REGISTER
03C2 15
******************************************************** 03C3 15
RGPTB REGISTER POINTER TABLE 03C4 0C
:THE ENTRIES IN THIS TABLE ARE IN THE SAME 03C5 15 DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRD
ORDER AS ;D REGISTER
THE REGISTER DESIGNATOR KEYS ON THE 03C6 15
KEYBOARD EACH 03C7 15
ENTRY CONTAINS THE REGISTER POINTER VALUE 03C8 0D
WHICH CORROSPONDS TO THE REG. 03C9 15 DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRE
DESIGNATOR. REGISTER POINTER VALUES ARE ;E REGISTER
USED TO POINT INTO THE REGISTER NAME TABLE 03CA 15
(NMTBL) AND REGISTER SAVE LOCATION TABLE 03CB 15
(RGTBL). 03CC 0E
03CD 15 DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRF
03AC 06 DB 6 :INTERRUPT MASK ;F REGISTER
03AD 09 DB 9 :SPH 03CE 15
03AE 0A DB 10 :SPL 03CF 15
03AF 0B DB 11 :PCH 03D0 0F

62. D-39 D-40
03D1 15 DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRI
;INTERRUPT MASK *************************************************
03D2 15 REGISTER SAVE LOCATION TABLE
03D3 15 ADDRESSES OF SAVE LOCATIONS OF REGISTERS IN THE
03D4 13 ORDER IN WHICH THE REGISTERS ARE DISPLAYED BY
03D5 15 DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRH THE EXAMINE COMMAND
;H REGISTER
03D6 15 RGTBL
03D7 15 03ED EE DB ASAV AND OFFH ;A REGISTER
03D8 10 03EE EC DB BSAV AND OFFH ;B REGISTER
03D9 15 DB BLAMK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRL 03EF EB DB CSAV AND OFFH ;C REGISTER
;L REGISTER 03F0 EA DB DSAV AND OFFH ;D REGISTER
03DA 15 03F1 E9 DB ESAV AND OFFH ;E REGISTER
03DB 15 03F2 ED DB FSAV AND OFFH ;FLAGS
03DC 11 03F3 F1 DB ISAV AND OFFH ;INTERRUPT MASK
03DD 15 DB BLANK, LETRS, LETRP, LETRH 03F4 F0 DB HSAV AND OFFH ;H REGISTER
;STACK POINTER HIGH ORDER 03F5 EF DB LSAV AND OFFH ;L REGISTER
BYTE 03F6 F5 DB SPHSV AND OFFH ;STACK POINTER
03DE 05 HIGH ORDER BYTE
03DF 12 03F7 F4 DB SPLSV AND OFFH ;STACK POINTER
03E0 10 LOW ORDER BYTE
03E1 15 DB BLANK, LETRS, LETRP, LETRL 03F8 F3 DB PCHSV AND OFFH ;PROGRAM
;STACK POINTER LOW ORDER BYTE COUNTER HIGH
03E2 05 ORDER BYTE
03E3 12 03F9 F2 DB OCKSV AND IFFG ;PROGRAM
03E4 11 COUNTER LOW
03E5 15 DB BLANK, LETRP, LETRC, LETRH ORDER BYTE
;PROGRAM COUNTER HIGH BYTE 000D NUMRG EQU ($ - RGTBL) ;/REGISTER SAVE
03E6 12 TABLE LOCATION NUMBER
03E7 0C OF ENTRIES.
03E8 10
03E9 15 DB BLANK, LETRP, LETRC, LETRL
;PROGRAM COUNTER LOW BYTE
03EA 12
03EB 0C
03EC 11

63. D-41 D-42
********************************************* 040C 0E2E MVI C,'.' ;PROMPT CHARCHTER TO C
TTY 040E CDF805 CALL ECHO ;SEND PROMPT CHARATER
PRINT SIGNON MESSAGE TO USER TERMINAL
********************************************* 0411 C31404 JMP GTC03 ;WANT TO LEAVE ROOM FOR
RST BRANCH
03FA 218C07 SIGNON LXIH STRING 0414 CD1F06 GTC03 CALL GETCH ;GET COMMAND
D 4E S1 MOVC, M CHARATER TO A
E AF XRAA 0417 CDF805 CALL ECHO ;ECHO CHARCTER TO USER
F B1 ORAC 041A 79 MOV A, C ;PUT COMMAND CHARCTER
INTO ACC.
0400 C8 RZ 041B 010600 LXI B, NCMDS ;C CONTAINS LOOP AND
1 CDC405 CALLC OUT INDEXCOUNT
4 23 INX H 041E 21AE07 LXI H, CTAB ;HL POINTS INTO COMMAND
0405 C3FD03 JUMP S1 TABLE
0421 BE GTC05 CMP M ;COMPARE TABLE ENTRY
************************************************************* AND CHARATER
COMMAND RECOGNIZING ROUTINE 0422 CA2D04 JZ GTC10 ;BRANCH IF EQUAL –
************************************************************* COMMAND RECOGNIZED
FUNCTION : GETCM 0425 23 INX H ;ELSE,INCREMENT TABLE
INPUTS : NONE POINTER
OUTPUTS : NONE 0426 0D DCR C ;DECREMENT LOOP COUNT
CALLS : GETCH, ECHO, ERROR 0427 C22104 JNZ GTC05 ;BRANCH IF NOT AT TABLE
DESTROYS : A, B, C, H, L, F/F'S END
DESCRIPTION : GETCM RECEIVES AN INPUT 042A C31106 JMP ERROR ;ELSE COMMAND
CHARATER FROM THE USER CHARACTER IS ILLEGAL
AND USER AND ATTEMPTS TO
LOCATE THIS CHARATER IN ITS 042D 21A007 GTC10 LXI H, CADR ;IF GOOD COMMAND. LOAD
COMMAND CHARATER TABLE. IF ADDRESS OR TABLE OF
SUCCESSFUL,THE ROUTINE COMMAND ROUTINE
CORROSPONDING TO THIS IS ADDRESSES
SELECTED FROM A TABLE OF 0430 09 DAD B ;ADD WHAT IS LEFT OF
COMMAND ROUTINE ADDRESSES, LOOP COUNT
AND CONTROL IS TRANSFERED TO 0431 09 DAD B ;ADD AGAIN -EACH ENTRY IN
THIS ROUTINE. IF THE CHARATER CADR IS 2 BYTES LONG
DOES NOT MATCH ANY 0432 7E MOV A, M ;GET LSP OF ADDRESS OF
ENTRIES,CONTROL IS PASSED TO TABLE ENTRY TO A
THE ERROR HANDLER. 0433 23 INX H ;POINT TO NEXT BYTE IN
GETCM TABLE
0408 21E9FF LXI H, MNSTK ;ALWAYS WAMT TO RESET 0434 66 MOV H, M ;GET MSP OF ADDRESS OF
STACK PTR TO MONITOR TABLE ENTRY TO H
040B F9 SPHL ;STARTING VALUE SO
ROUTINE NEED NOT CLEAN
UP

64. D-43 D-44
0435 6F MOV L, A ;PUT LSP OF ADDRESS OF 044F CDC706 CALL NMOUT ;DISPLAY CONTENTS
TABLE ENTRY IMTO L 0452 CDA006 CALL HILO ;SEE IF ADDRESS OF
0436 E9 PCHL ;NEXT INSTRUCTION COMES DISPLAY LOC.
FROM COMMAND ROUTINE IS GREATER THAN
OR EQUAL TO
*************************************************************** ENDING ADDRESS
COMMAND IMPLEMENTING ROUTINES FALSE DCM15 ;IF NOT ,MORE TO
*************************************************************** DISPLAY
FUNCTION : DCMD 0455 D25E04 JNC DCM15
INPUTS : NONE 0458 CDEB05 CALL CROUT ;CARRIGE
OUTPUTS : NONE RETURN/LINE FEED
CALLS : ECHO, NMOUT, HILO, GETCM,CROUT, GETNM TO END LINE
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S 045B C30804 JMP GETCM ;ALL DOME
DESCREPTION : DCMD IMPLEMENTS THE DISPLAY 045E 23 DCM15 INX H ;IF MORE TO GO,
MEMORY (D) COMMAND POINTS TO THE NEW
DISPLAY
DCMD 045F 7D MOV A,L GET LOW ORDER
0437 0E02 MVI C, 2 ;GET 2 NUMBERS FROM BITS OF NEW
INPUT STREAM ADDRESS
0439 CD5B06 CALL GETNM 0460 E60G ANI NEWLN ;SEE IF LAST HEX
043C D1 POP D ;ENDING ADDRESS TO DE DIGIT OR ADDRESS
043D E1 POP H ;STARTING ADDRESS TO HL DENOTES START OF
DCMO5 NEWLINE
043E CDEB05 CALL CROUT ;ECHO CARRIAGE 0462 C24904 JNZ DCM10 ;NO-DOT AT END OF
RETURN/LINE FEED LINE
0441 7C MOV A, H ;DISPLAY ADDRESS OF 0465 C33E04 JMP DCM05 ;YES-START NEW
FIRST LOCATION IN LINE LINE WITH ADDRESS
0442 CDC706 CALL NMOUT
0445 7D MOV A, L ;ADDRESS IS 2 BYTES LONG
0446 CDC706 CALL NMOUT
DCM10
0449 0E20 MVI C,'.'
044B CDF805 CALL ECHO ;USE BLANK AS SEPARATOR
044E 7E MOV A, M ;GET CONTENTS OF NEXT
MEMORY LOC.

65. D-45 D-46
******************************************************************************* *****************************************************
FUNCTION : GCMD FUNCTION : ICMD
INPUTS : NONE INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : ERROR, GETHX, RSTTF CALLS : ERROR, ECHO, GETCH, VALDL, VALDG, CNVBN,
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S STHLF, GETNM, GROUT
DESCRIPTION : GCMD IMPLEMENTS THE BEGIN DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
EXECUTION (G) COMMAND DESCRIPTION : ICMD IMPLEMENTS THE INSERT
MODE INTO MEMORY
0468 CD2606 GCMD CALL GETHX ;GET ADDRESS(IF PRESENT) (I) COMMAND
FROM INPUT STREAM
FALSE GCM05 0468 0E01 ICMD MVI C, 1
046B D27D04 JNC GCM05 ;BRANCH IF NO NU. PRESENT 0488 CD5B06 CALL GETNM ;GET SINGLE NU.
046E 7A MOV A, D ;ELSE GET TERMINATOR FROM INPUT
046F FE0D CPI CR ;SEE IF CARRIAGE RETURN STREAM
0471 C21106 JNZ ERROR ;ERROR IF NOT PROPERLY 048B 3EFF MVI A, UPPER
TERMINATED 048D 32FDFF STA TEMP ;TEMP WILL HOLD
0474 21F2FF LXI H, PSAV ;WANT NU. TO REPLACE SAVE 1/4 THE UPPER/LOWER
PGM COUNTER HALF BYTE FLAG
0477 71 MOV M, C 0490 D1 POP D
0478 23 INX H 0491 CD1F06 ICM05 CALL GETCH ;GET A CHAR. FROM
0479 70 MOV M, B INPUT STREAM
047A C38304 JMP GCM10 0494 4F MOV C, A
047D 7A GCM05 MOV A, D ;IF NO STARTING ADDRESS 0495 CDF805 CALL ECHO ;ECHO IT
MAKE SURE THATCR 0498 79 MOV A, C ;PUT CAHR. BACK
TERMINATED COMMAND INTO A
047E FE0D CPI CR 0499 FE1B CPI TERM ;SEE IF CHAR.IS A
0480 C21106 JNZ ERROR ;ERROR IF NOT TERMINATING
0483 C31B03 GCM10 JMP RSTOR ;RESTORE REG. AND BEGIN CHARACTER
EXECUTION (RSTOR IS IN 049B CAC704 JZ ICM25 ;IF SO ALL DONE
KEYBOARD MONITOR) ENTERING
CHARACTERS.
049E CD7907 CALL VALDL ;ELSE CHECK TO SEE
IF VALID DELIMITER
TRUE ICM05 ;IF SO SIMPLY
IGNORE THIS
CHARACTER
04A1 DA9104 JC ICM05
04A4 CD5E07 CALL VALDG ;ELSE CHECK TO SEE
IF VALID HEX DIGIT
FALSE ICM20 ;IF NOT, BRANCH TO
HANDLE ERROR
CONDITION

66. D-47 D-48
04A7 D2C104 JNC ICM20 MCMD
04AA CD100A CALL CNVBN ;CONVERT DIGIT TO BINARY 04D0 0E03 MVI C, 3
04AD 4F MOV C, A ;MOVE RESULT TO C 04D2 CD5B06 CALL GETNM ;GET 3 NUMBERS FROM
04AE CD3F07 CALL STHLF ;STORE IN APPROPRIATE INPUT STREAM
HALF WORD 04D5 C1 POP B ;DESTINATION ADDR. TO BC
04B1 3AFDFF LDA TEMP ;GET HALF BYTE FLAG 04D6 E1 POP H ;ENDING ADDR. TO HL
04B4 B7 ORA A ;SET F/F'S 04D7 D1 POP D ;STARTING ADDR TO DE
04B5 C2B904 JNZ ICM10 ;BRANCH IF FLAG SET FOR 04D8 E5 MCM05 PUSH H ;SAVE ENDING ADDRESS
UPPER 04D9 62 MOV H, D
04B8 13 INX D ;IF LOWER ,INC ADDRESS OF 04DA 6B MOV L, E ;SOURCE ADDR. TO HL
BYTE TO STORE IN 04DB 7E MOV A, M ;GET SOURCE BYTE
04B9 EEFF ICM10 XRI INVERT ;TOGGLE STATE OF FLAG 04DC 60 MOV H, B
04BB 32FDFF STA TEMP ;PUT NEW VALUE OF FLAG 04DD 69 MOV L, C ;DESTINATION ADDR. TO HL
BACK 04DE 77 MOV M, A ;MOVE BYTE TO
04BE C39104 JMP ICM05 ;PROCESS NEXT DIGIT DESTINATION
04C1 CD3407 ICM20 CALL STHFO ;ILLEGAL CHARACTER 04DF 03 INX B ;INR. DESTINATION
04C4 C31106 JMP ERROR ;MAKE SURE ENTIRE BYTE ADDRESS
FILLED THEN ERROR 04E0 78 MOV A, B
04C7 CD3407 ICM25 CALL STHF0 ;HERE FOR ESCAPE 04E1 B1 ORA C ;TEST FOR DESTINATION
CHARACTER I/P IS DONE ADDR
04CA CDEB05 CALL CROUT ;ADD CARRIAGE RETURN 04E2 CA0804 JZ GETCM ;IF SO CAN TERMINATE CMD.
04CD C30804 JMP GETCM 04E5 13 INX D ;INCREMENT SIURCE
ADDRESS
**************************************************** 04E6 E1 POP H ;ELSE GET BACKENDING
FUNCTION : MCMD ADDR
INPUTS : NONE 04E7 CDA006 CALL HILO ;SEE IF ENDING
OUTPUTS : NONE ADDR=SOURCE ADDR
CALLS : GETCM, HILO, GETNM FALSE GETCM ;IF NOT
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S COMMAND IS DONE
DECRIPTION : MCMD IMPLEMENTS THE MOVE DATA IN 04EA D20804 JNC GETCM
MEMORY(M) COMMAND 04ED C3D804 JMP MCM05 ;MOVE ANOTHER BYTE

67. D-49 D-50
**************************************************** *********************************************************
FUNCTION : SCMD FUNCTION : XCMD
INPUTS : NONE INPUTS : NONE
CALLS : GETHX, GETCM, NMOUT, ECHO OUTPUTS : NONE
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F/'S CALLS : GETCH, ECHO, REGDS, GETCM, ERROR, RGADR,
DESCRIPTION : SCMD IMPLEMENTS THE NMOUT, CROUT, GTHEX
SUBSTITUTE INTO MEMORY DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
(S) COMMAND DESCRIPTION : XCMD IMPLEMENTS THE REGISTER
EXAMINE AND CHANGE (X)
SCMD COMMAND.
04F0 CD2606 CALL GETHX ;GET A NUMBER IF
PRESENT, FROM INPUT 0514 CD1F06 XCMD CALL GETCH ;GET REGISTER
04F3 C5 PUSH B INDENTIFIER
04F4 E1 POP H ;GET NU. TO HL-DENOTES 0517 4F MOV C, A
MEMORY LOCATION 0518 CDF805 CALL ECHO ;ECHO IT
04F5 7A SCM05 MOV A, D ;GET TERMINATOR 051B 79 MOV A, C
04F6 FE20 CPI '.' ;SEWE IF SPACE 051C FE0D CPI CP
04F8 CA0005 JZ SCM10 ;YES CONTINUE 051E C22705 JNZ XCM05 ;BRANCH IF
PROCESSING NOTCARRIAGE RET
04FB FE2C CPI '.' ;ELSE SEE IF COMMA 0521 CDEA06 CALL REGDS ;ELSE,DISPLAY
04FD C20804 JNZ GWTCM ;NO TERMINATE COMMAND REG.CONTENTS
0500 7E SCM10 MOV A, M ;GET CONTENTS OF 0524 C30804 JMP GETCM ;THEN TERMINATE
SPECIFIED LOCATION TO A COMMAND
0501 CDC706 CALL NMOUT ;DISPLAY CONTENTS ON 0527 4F XCM05 MOV C, A ;GET REG.IDENTIFIER
CONSOLE TO C
0504 0E2D MVI C,'.' 0528 CD1B07 CALL RGADR ;CONVERT
0506 CDF805 CALL ECHO ;USE DASH FOR SEPARATOR IDENTIFIER INTO
0509 CD2606 CALL GETHX ;USE NEW VALUE FOR RTAB TABLE ADDR
MEMORY LOCATION IF ANY 052B C5 PUSH B
FALSE SCM15 ;IF NO VALUE PRESENT,BRANCH 052C E1 POP H ;PUT POINTER TO
050C D21005 JNC SCM15 REGISTER ENTRY
050F 71 MOV M, C ;ELSE,STORE LOWER 8BIT OF INTO HL
NUMBER ENTERED 052D 0E20 MVI C,"
0510 23 SCM15 INX H ;INCREMENT ADDR. OF MEMORY 052F CDF805 CALL ECHO ;ECHO SPACE TO
LOCATION TO VIEW USER
0511 C3F504 JMP SCM05 0532 79 MOV A, C
0533 32FDFF STA TEMP ;PUT SPACE INTO
TEMP AS DELIMITER
0536 3AFDFF XCM10 LDA TEMP ;GET TERMINATOR
0539 FE20 CPI '.' ;SEE IF A BLANK
053B CA4305 JZ XCM15 ;YES-GO CHECK
POINTER IN TABLE
053E FE2C CPI '.' ;NO SEE IF COMMA

68. D-51 D-52
0563 7E MOV A, M
0540 C20804 JNZ GETCM ;NO-MUST BE CARRIAGE 0564 CDC706 CALL NMOUT ;DISPLAY THEM
RETURN TO AN END 0567 0E2D XCM20 MVI C,'-'
COMMAND 0569 CDF805 CALL ECHO ;USE DASH AS
0543 73 XCM15 MOV A, M SEPARATOR
0544 B7 ORA A ;SET F/F'S 056C CD2606 CALL GETHX ;SEE IF THERE IS A
0545 C24E05 JNZ XCM16 ;BRANCH IF NOT AT END OF VALUE TO PUT
TABLE INTO REGISTER
0548 CDEB05 CALL CROUT ;ELSE O/P CARIAGE RETURN FALSE XCM30 ;NO GO
LINE FEED CHECKFORNEXT
054B C30804 JMP GETCM ;AND EXIT REG.
054E E5 XCM18 PUSH H ;PUT POINTER ON 056F D28705 JNC XCM30
STACK 0572 7A MOV A, D
054F 5E MOV E, M 0573 32FDFF STA TEMP ;ELSE SAVE THE
0550 16FF MOV D, RAMST SHR 8 ;ADDRESS OF SAVE TERMINATOR FOR
LOCATION FROM NOW
TABLE 0576 F1 POP PSW ;GET BACK LENGTH
0552 23 INX H FLAG
0553 46 MOV B, M ;FETCH LENGTH FLAG EROM 0577 E1 POPH ;PUT ADDR.OFSAVE
TABLE LOCATION INTO HL
0554 D5 PUSHD ;SAVE ADDR.OF SAVE 0578 B7 ORA A ;SET F/F'S
LOCATION 0579 CA7E05 JZ XCM25 ;IF 8 BIT REG,
0555 D5 PUSH D BRANCH
0556 E1 POP H ;MOVE ADDRESSS TO HL 057C 70 MOV M, B ;SAVE UPPER 8 BITS
0557 C5 PUSH B ;SAVE LENGTH FLAG 057D 2B DCX H ;POINT TO SAVE
0558 7E MOV A, M ;GET 8 BITS OF REG FROM LOCATION FOR
SAVED LOCATION LOWER 8 BITS
0559 CDC706 CALL NMOUT ;DISPLAY IT 057E 71 XCM25 MOV M, C ;STORE ALL OF 8 BIT
055C F1 POP PSW ;GET BACK LENGTH FLAG OR LOWER 1/2 OF 16
055D F5 PUSH PSW ;SAVE IT AGAIN BIT REG.
055E B7 ORA A ;SET F/F'S 057F 110300 XCM27 LXI D, RTABS ;SIZE OF ENTRY
055F CA6705 JZ XCM20 ;IF8BIT REG.NOTHING TO INRTAB TABLE
DISPLAY
0562 2B DCX H ;ELSE FOR 16 BIT REG.GET 0582 E1 POP H ;POINTER INTO
LOWER 8 BITS REG.TABLE RTAB

69. D-53 D-54
0583 19 DAD D ;ADD ENTRY SIZE TO POINTER 05B1 05 DCR B
0584 C33605 JMP XCM10 ;DO NEXT REGISTER 05B2 CABC05 JZ CI5
0587 7A XCM30 MOV A, D ;GET TERMINATOR 05B5 79 MOV A, C
0588 32FDFF STA TEMP ;SAVE IN MEMORY 05B6 1F RAR
058B D1 POP D ;CLEAR STACK OF LENGTH FLAG 05B7 4F MOV C, A
058C D1 POP D & ADDR. OF SAVE LOCATION 05B8 00 NOP
058D C37F05 JMP XCM27 ;GO INCREMENT REG. TABLE 05B9 C3A405 JMP CI3
POINTER 05BC E1 CI5 POP H
05BD FB EI
******************************************************** 05BE 79 MOV A, C
UTILITY ROUTINE 05BF C9FFFF JMP 3PASS
05C2 FF BLANK
******************************************************** 05C3 FF BLANK
FUNCTION : CI
INPUTS : NONE ****************************************************
OUTPUTS : A - CHARACTER FROM TTY FUNCTION : CO
CALLS : DELAY INPUTS : C-CHARACTER TO OUTPUT TO TTY
DESTROYS : A, F/F'S OUTPUTS : C-CHARACTER OUTPUT TO TTY
DESCRIPTION : CI WAITS UNTIL A CHAR. HAS BEEN CALLS : DELAY
ENTERED AT THE TTY AND THEN DESTROYS : A, F/F'S
RETURNS THE CHAR. VIA THE A DESCRIPTION : CO-SENDS ITS INPUT ARGUMENT
REG. TO THE CALLING ROUTINE. TO THE TTY.
THIS ROUTINE IS CALLED BY THE
USER VIA A JUMP TABLE IN RAM C0
CI 05C4 F3 DI
0590 F3 DI 05C5 C5 PUSH B
0591 E5 PUSH H 05C6 E5 PUSH H
0592 0609 MVI B, BITS 05C7 060B MVI B, BITS0
0594 20 CI1 RIM 05C9 AF XRA A
0595 B7 ORA A 05CA 3E80 CO1 MVI A, 80H
0596 FA9405 JM CI1 05CC 1F RAR
0599 2A9AFF CHLD HALFBIT 05CD 30 SIM
059C 2D CI2 DCR L 05CE 2AC0FF LHLD BITTIME
059D C29C05 JNZ CI2 05D1 2D CO2 DCR L
05A0 25 DCR H 05D2 C2D105 JNZ CO2
05A1 C29C05 JNZ CI2 05C5 25 DCR H
05A4 2AC0FF CI3 LHLD BITTIMC 05C6 C2D105 JNZ CO2
05A7 2D CI4 DCR L 05C9 37 STC
05A8 C2A705 JNZ CI4 05CA 79 MOV A, C
05AB 25 DCR H 05CB 1F RAR
05AC C2A705 JNZ CI4 05CC 4F MOV C, A
05AF 20 RIM 05CD 05 DCR B
05B0 17 RAL 05CE 2CA05 JNZ CO1

70. D-55 D-56
05E1 E1 POP H ********************************************************
05E2 C1 POP B FUNCTION : DELAY
05E3 FB EI INPUTS : DE - 16BIT INT.DENOTING NUMBER OF TIMES TO
05E4 C9 RET LOOP.
05E5 FF BLANK OUTPUTS : NOTHING
05E6 FF BLANK DESTROYS : A, D, E, F/F'S
05E7 FF BLANK DESCRIPTION : DELAY DOES NOT RETURN TO
05E8 FF BLANK CALLER UNTIL INPUT ARGUMENT IS
05E9 FF BLANK COUNTED DOWN TO 0.
05EA FF BLANK
DELAY
******************************************************** 05F1 1B DCX D ;DECREMENT INPUT ARG.
FUNCTION : CROUT 05F2 7A MOV A, D
INPUTS : NONE 05F3 B3 ORA E
OUTPUTS : NONE 05F4 C2F105 JNZ DELAY ;IF ARG NOT 0,KEEP
CALLS : ECHO GOING
DESTROYS : A, B, C, F/F'S 05F7 C9 RET
DESCRIPTION : CROUT SENDS A CARRIAGE
RETURN AND HENCE A ********************************************************
LINE FEED TO THE CONSOLE. FUNCTION : ECHO
INPUTS : C - CHARACTER TO ECHO TO TERMINAL
CROUT OUTPPUTS : C - CHARACTER ECHOED TO TERMINAL
05EB 0E0D MVI C, CR CALLS : CO
05ED CDF805 CALL ECHO DESTROYS : A, B, F/F'S
05F0 C9 RET DESCRIPTION : ECHO TAKES A SINGLE CHARACTER
INPUT AND VIA THE MONITOR
SENDS THAT CHARACTER TO THE
USER TERMINAL. A CARRIAGE IS
ECHOED AS A CARRIAGE RETURN
LINE FEED, AND AN ESCAPE
CHARACTER IS ECHOED AS $.
ECHO
05F8 41 MOV B, C ;SAVE ARGUMENT
05F9 3E1B MVI A, ESC

71. D-57 D-58
05FB B8 CMP B ;SEE IF ECHOING AN ********************************************************
ESCAPE CHARACTER FUNCTION : FRET
05FC C20106 JNZ ECHO5 ;NO BRANCH INPUTS : NONE
05FF 0E24 MVI C, '$' ;YES ECHO AS $ OUTPUTS : CARRY-ALWAYS 0
0601 CDC405 ECHO5 CALL CO ;DO OUTPUT THRO' CALLS : NOTHING
MONITOR DESTROYS : CARRY
0604 3E0D MVI A, CR DESCRIPTION : FRET IS JUMPED TO BY ANY
0606 B8 CMP B ;SEE IF CHAR. ECHOED WAS ROUTINE THET WISHES TO
A CARRIAGE RETURN INDICATE FAILURE ON RETURN.
0607 C20F06 JNZ ECH10 ;NO-NO NEED TO TAKE FRET SETS THE CARRY FALSE
SPECIAL ACTION DENOTING FAILURE & THEN
060A 0E0A MVI C, LF ;YES-WANT TO ECHO RETURN TO THE CALLER OF THE
LINEFEED ROUTINE INVOKINK FRET.
060C CDC405 CALL CO FRET
060F 48 ECH10 MOV C, B ;RESTORE 061C 37 STC ;SET CARRY TRUE
ARGUMENT 061D 3F CMC ;THEN COMPLEMENT TO MAKE IT
0610 C9 RET FALSE
061E C9 RET ;RETURN APPROPRIATLY
********************************************************
FUNCTION : ERROR ********************************************************
INPUTS : NONE FUNCTION : GETCH
OUTPUTS : NONE INPUTS : NONE
CALLS : ECHO, CROUT, GETCM OUTPUTS : C - NEXT CHAR. IN INPUT STREAM
DESTROYS : A, B, C, F/F'S CALLS : CI
DESCRIPTION : ERROR PRINTS THE DESTROYS : A, C, F/F'S
ERRORCHARACTER (CURRENTLY DESCRIPTION : GETCH RETURNS THE NEXT CHAR.
AN ASTERISK) ON THE CONSOLE IN THE INPUT STREAM TO THE
FOLLOWED BY A CR LF, AND THEN CALLING PROGRAM.
RETURNS CONTROL TO THE GETCH
COMMAND RECOGNISER. 061F CD9005 CALL CI ;GET CHAR. FROM
ERROR TERMINAL
0611 OE2A MVI C,'*' 0622 E67F ANI PRTY0 ;TURN OFF PARITY
0613 CDF805 CALL ECHO ;SEND '*' TO BIT IN CASE SET BY
CONSOLE CONSOLE
0616 CDEB05 CALL CROUT ;SKIP TO BEGINING OR NEXT 0624 4F MOV C, A ;PUT VALUE IN C
LINE REG.FOR
0619 C30804 JMP GETCM ;TRY AGAIN FOR ANOTHER 0625 C9 RET ;RETURN
COMMAND

72. D-59 D-60
******************************************************** 062A 1E00 MVI E, 0 ;INITIALIZE DIGIT FLAG TO
FUNCTION : GETHX FALSE
INPUTS : NONE 062C CD1F06 GTH05 CALL GETCH ;GET A CHARACTER
OUTPUT : SBC - 16 BIT INTEGER 062F 4F MOV C, A
D - CHAR. WHICH TERMINATED THE INTEGER 0630 CDF805 CALL ECHO ;ECHO THE CHARACTER
CARRY - 1 IF FIRST CHAR NOT DELIMITER 0633 CD7907 CALL VALDL ;SEE IF DELIMITER
- 0 IF FIRST CHAR. IS DELIMITER FALSE GHX10 ;NO BRANCH
CALLS : GETCH, ECHO, VALDL, VALDG, CNVBN, ERROR 0636 D24506 JNC GTX10
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, F/F'S 0639 51 MOV D, C ;YES-ALL DONE,BUT WANT
DESCRIPTION : GETHX ACCEPTS A STRING OF HEX TO RETURN DELIMITER
DIGITS FROM THE INPUT STREAM 063A E5 PUSH H
& RETURNS THEIR VALUE AS A 063B C1 POP B ;MOVE RESULT TO BC
16 BIT BINARY INTEGER.IF MORE 063C E1 POP H ;RESTORE HL
THAN 4 HEX DIGITS ARE ENTERED, 063D 7B MOV A, E ;GET FLAG
ONLY THE LAST 4 ARE USED THE 063E B7 ORA A ;SET F/F'S
NUM. TERMINATES WHEN A VALID 063F C23207 JNZ SRET ;IF FLAG NONE-0ANUM.HAS
DELIMITER IS ENCOUNTERED. BEEN FOUND
THE DELIMITER IS ALSO RETURNED 0642 CA1C06 JZ FRET ;ELSE DELIMITER WAS FIRST
AS AN OUTPUT OF THE CHARACTER
FUNCTION.ILLEGAL CHAR. (NOT 0645 CD5E07 GHX10 CALL VALDG ;IF NOT DELIMITER SEE IF
HEX DIGITS OR DELIMITERS) CAUSE DIGIT
AN ERROR INDICATION. IF THE FALSE ERROR ;ERROR, IF NOT A VALID
FIRST (VALID)CHARACTER DIGIT
ENCOUNTERED IN THE INPUT 0648 D21106 JNC ERROR
STREAM IS NOT A DELIMITER, 064B CD100A CALL CNVBN ;CONVERT DIGIT TO ITS
GETHX WILL RETURN WITH THE BINARY VALUE
CARRY BIT SET TO 1;OTHERWISE 064E 1EFF MVI E, 0FFH ;SET DIGIT FLAG NON-0
THE CARRY BIT IS SET TO 0 AND 0650 29 DAD H ;*2
THE CONTENTS OF BC ARE 0651 29 DAD H ;*4
UNDEFINED. 0652 29 DAD H ;*8
0653 29 DAD H ;*16
GETHX 0654 0600 MVI B, 0 ;CLEAR UPPER 8 BITS OF BC
0626 E5 PUSH H ;SAVE HL PAIR
0627 210000 LXI H, 0 ;INITIALIZE RESULT 0656 4F MOV C, A ;BINARY VALUE OF
CHARACTER INTO C

73. D-61 D-62
066B CA7706 JZ GNM10 ;BRANCH IF NO MORE
0657 09 DADB ;ADD THIS VALUE TO PARTIAL NUM.WANTED
RESULT 066E 7A MOV A, D ;ELSE GET NUM.
0658 C32C06 JMP GHX05 ;GET NEXT CHARACTER TERMINATOR TO A
066F FE0D CPI CR ;SEE IF CARRIAGE RETURN
******************************************************** 0671 CA1106 JZ ERROR ;ERROR IF SO TOO FEW
FUNCTION : GETNM NUM.
INPUTS : C - COUNT OF NUM. TO FIND IN INPUT STREAM 0674 C36206 JMP GNM ;ELSE PROCESS NEXT NUM.
OUTPUTS : TOP OF STACK-NUM.FOUND IN REVERSE 0677 7A GNM10 MOV A, D ;WHEN COUNT 0,CHECK
ORDER (LAST ON TOP OF STACK) LAST TERMINATOR
CALLS : GETHX, HILO, ERROR 0678 FE0D CPI CR
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S 067A C21106 JNZ ERROR ;ERROR IF NOT CR
DESCRIPTION : GETNM FINDS A SPECIFIED COUNT 067D 01FFFF LXI B, 0FFFFH ;HL GETS LARGEST NUM.
OF NUMBERS, BETWEEN 1 & 3, 0680 7D MOV A, L ;GET WHAT'S LEFT OF MAX.
INCLUSIVE, IN THE INPUT STREAM ARG COUNT
AND RETURNS THEIR VALUES ON 0681 B7 ORA A ;CHECK FOR 0
THE STACK. IF 2 OR MORE NUM. 0682 CA8A06 JZ GNM20 ;IF YES,3 NUM WERE I/P
ARE REQUESTED THEN THE FIRST 0685 C5 GNM15 PUSH B ;IF NOT? FILL REMAINING
MUST BE LESS THEN OR EQUEL TO ARG WITH 0FFFFH
THE SECOND, OR THE FIRST & 0686 2D DCR L
SECOND NUM. WILL BE SET EQUAL. 0687 C28506 JNZ GNM15
THE LAST NUM. REQUESTED MUST 068A C1 GNM20 POP B ;GET THE 3 ARG. OUT
BE TERMINATED BY A CARRIAGE 068B D1 POP D
RETURN OR AN ERROR INDICATION 068C E1 POP H
WILL RESULT. 068D CDA006 CALL HILO ;SEE IF FIRST=SECOND
GETNM FALSE GNM25 ;NO BRANCH
065B 2E03 MVI L, 3 ;PUT MAX. ARG.COUNT IN L 0690 D29506 JNC GNM25
065D 79 MOV A, C ;GET THE ACTUAL 0693 54 MOV D, H
ARG.COUNT 0694 5D MOV E, L ;YES-MAKE SECOND EQUAL
065E E603 ANI 03 ;FORCE TO MAX.OF 3 TO THE FIRST
0660 C8 RZ ;IF 0,DON'T BOTHER TO ANY 0695 E3 GNM25 XTHL ;PUT FIRST ON STACK GET
0661 67 MOV H, A ;ELSE PUTACTUALCOUNT RETURN ADDR
INTO 0696 D5 PUSH D ;PUT SECOND ON STACK
0662 CD2606 GNM05 CALL GETHX ;GET A NUM.FROM I/P 0697 C5 PUSH B ;PUT THIRD ON STACK
STREAM 0698 E5 PUSH H ;PUT RETURNADDR.ON
FALSE ERROR ;ERROR IF NOT THERE-TOO STACK
FEW NUMBERS 0699 3D GNM30 DCR A ;DECREMENT RESDUAL
0665 D21106 JNC ERROR COUNT
0668 C5 PUSH B ;ELSE SAVE NUM.ON STACK 069A F8 RM ;IF NEGATIVE,PROPER
0669 2D DCR L ;DECREMENT RESULT ON STACK
MAX.ARG.COUNT 069B E1 POP H ;ELSE GET RETURN ADDR
066A 25 DCR H ;DECREMENT ACTUAL 069C E3 XTHL ;REPLACE TOP RESULT
ARG.COUNT WITH RETURN ADDR
069D C39906 JMP GNM30 ;TRY AGAIN

74. D-63 D-64
******************************************************** 06B8 13 INX D ;2'S COMPLEMENT OF DE TO DE
FUNCTION : HILO 06B9 7D MOV A, L
INPUTS : DE - 16 BIT INTEGER 06BA 83 ADD E ;ADD HL AND DE
HL - 16 BIT INTEGER 06BB 7C MOV A, H
OUTPUTS : CARRY - 0 IF HL < DE 06BC 8A ADC D ;THIS OPERATION SETS CARRY
1 IF HL => DE PROPERLY
CALLS : NOTHING 06BD D1 POP D ;RESTORE ORIGINAL DE CONT.
DESTROYS : F/F'S 06BE 78 MOV A, B ;RESTORE ORIGINAL CONT.OF A
DESCRIPTION : HILO COMPARES THE 2 16 BIT 06BF C1 POP B ;RESTORE ORIGINALCONT.OF BC
INTEGERS IN BL AND DE. THE 06C0 C9 RET ;RETURN WITH CARRY SET AS
INTEGERS ARE TREATED AS REQUIRED
UNSIGNED NUMBERS.THE CARRY 06C1 E1 HILO5 POP H ;IF HL CONTENTS 0FFFFH,THEN
BIT IS SET ACCORDING TO THE 06C2 78 MOV A, B CARRY CAN ONLY BE SET TO 1
RESULT OF THE COMPARISON. 06C3 C1 POP B ;RESTORE ORIGINAL CONTENTS OF
HILO REGISTERS
06A0 C5 PUSH B ;SAVE BC 06C4 C33207 JMP SRET ;SET CARRY AND RETURN
06A1 47 MOV B, A ;SAVE A IN B REGISTER
06A2 E5 PUSH H ;SAVE HL PAIR ********************************************************
06A3 7A MOV A, D ;CHECK FOR DE=0000H FUNCTION : NMOUT
06A4 B3 ORA E INPUTS : A - 8 BIT INTEGER
06A5 CAC106 JZ HILO5 ;WE'RE AUTOMATICALLY DONE OUTPUTS : NONE
06A8 23 INX H IF HL IS INCREMENTED BY 1 CALLS : ECHO, PRVAL
06A9 7C MOV A, H ;WANT TO TEST FOR 0 DESTROYS : A, B, C, F/F'S
06AA B5 ORA L RESULT AFTER INCREMENTING DESCRIPTION : NMOUT CONVERTS THE 8
06AB CAC106 JZ HILO5 ;IF SOHL MUST HAVE CONTAINED BIT,UNSIGNED INTEGER
0FFFFH THE A REGISTER INTO 2 ASCII
06AE E1 POP H ;IF NOT RESTORE ORIGINAL HL CHARACTERS. THE ASCII
06AF D5 PUSH D ;SAVE DE CHARACTER ARE THE ONES
06B0 3EFF MVI A, 0FFH ;WANT TO TAKE 2'S COMPLEMENT REPRESENTING THE 8 BITS. THESE
OF DE CONTENTS TWO CHARACTERS ARE SENT TO
06B2 AA XRA D THE CONSOLE AT THE CURRENT
06B3 57 MOV D, A PRINT POSITION OF THE CONSOLE.
06B4 3EFF MVI A, 0FFH
06B6 AB XRA E
06B7 5F MOV E, A

75. D-65 D-66
NMOUT 06E7 09 DAD B ;ADD DIGIT VALUE TO HL
06C7 E5 PUSH H ;SAVE HL DESTROYS ADDRESS
PREVAL 06E8 4E MOV C, M ;GET CHAR.FROM MEMORY
06C8 F5 PUSH PSW ;SAVE ARGUMENT 06E9 C9 RET
06C9 0F RRC
06CA 0F RRC ********************************************************
06CB 0F RRC FUNCTION : REGDS
06CC 0F RRC ;GET UPPER 4 BITS TO LOW INPUTS : NONE
4 BIT POSITION OUTPUTS : NONE
06CD E60F ANI HCHAR ;MASK OUT UPPER 4 BITS- CALLS : ECHO, NMOUT, ERROR, CROUT
WANT 1 HEX CHAR DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
06CF 4F MOV C, A DESCRIPTION : REGDS DISPLAYS THE CONTENTS
06D0 CDE206 CALL PRVAL ;CONVERT LOWER 4 BITSTO OF THE REGISTER SAVE
ASCII LOCATIONS,IN FORMATTED
06D3 CDF805 CALL ECHO ;SEND TO TERMINAL FORM,ON THE CONSOLE.
06D6 F1 POP PSW ;GET BACK ARGUMENT THE DISPLAY IS DRIVAN FROM A
06D7 E60F ANI HCHAR ;MASK OUT UPPER 4 BITS- TABLE, RTAB,WHICH
WANT 1 HEX CHAR CONTAINS THE REGISTERS'S PRINT
06D9 4F MOV C, A SYMBOL, SAVE LOCATION
06DA CDE206 CALL PRVAL ADDRESS,AND LENGTH (8 OR 16
06DD CDF805 CALL ECHO BITS).
06E0 E1 POP H ;RESTORE SAVED VALUE OF
HL REGDS
06E1 C9 RET 06EA 21C407 LXI H, RTAB;LOAD HL WITH ADDRESS OF
START OF TABLE
******************************************************** 06ED 4E REG05 MOV C, M ;GET PRINT SYMBOL
FUNCTION : PRVAL OF REG.
INPUTS : C - INTEGER RANGE 0 TO F 06EE 79 MOV A, C
OUTPUTS : C - ASCII CHARACTER 06EF B7 ORA A ;TEST FOR 0 END OF TABLE
CALLS : NOTHING 06F0 C2F706 JNZ REG10 ;IF NOT END,BRANCH
DESTROYS : B, C, H, L, F/F'S 06F3 CDEB05 CALL CROUT ;ELSE CARRIAGE
DESCRIPTION : PRVAL CONVERTS A NUM. IN THE RETURN/LINE FEED TO END
RANGE 0 TO F DISPLAY
HEX TO THE CORROSPONDING 06F6 C9 RET
ASCII CHARACTER,0-9, 06F7 CDF805 REG10 CALL ECHO ;ECHO CHARACTER
A-F.PRVAL DOES NOT CHECK THE 06FA 0E3D MVI C,'='
VALIDITY OF ITS INPUT ARGUMENT. 06FC CDF805 CALL ECHO ;O/P EQUAL SIGN i.e. A =
06FF 23 INX H ;POINT TO START OF SAVE
PRVAL LOCATION ADDRESS
06E2 21B407 LXI H, DIGTB ;ADDRESS OF TABLE 0700 5E MOV E, M ;GET LSP OF SAVE
06E5 0600 MVI B, 0 ;CLEAR HIGH ORDER BITS LOCATION ADDRESS
OF BC TO E

76. D-67 D-68
0701 16FF MVI D, RAMST SHR 8 ;PUT MSO OF SAVE LOC RTAB. IF NO MATCH OCCURS, THEN
ADDRESS TO E CONTROL IS PASSED TO THE
0703 23 INX H ;POINT TO LENGTH FLAG ERROR ROUTINE.
0704 1A LDAX D ;GET CONTENTS OF SAVE
LOC. 071B 21C407 RGADR LXI H, RTAB ;HL GETS ADDR. OF
0705 CDC706 CALL NMOUT ;DISPLAY ON CONSOLE TABLE START
0708 7E MOV A, M ;GET LENGTH FLAG 071E 110300 LXI D, RTAB5 ;DE GET SIZE OF A
0709 B7 ORA A ;SET SIGN F/F TABLE ENTRY
070A CA1207 JZ REG15 ;IF 0,REG. IS 8 BITS 0721 7E RGA05 MOV A, M ;GET REG.
070D 1B DCX D ;ELSE 16 BIT REGISTER SO IDENTIFIER
MORE TO DISPLAY 0722 B7 ORA A ;CHECK FOR TABLE END
070E 1A LDAX D ;GET LOWER 8 BITS (IDENTIFIER IS 0)
070F CDC706 CALL NMOUT ;DISPLAY THEM 0723 CA1106 JZ ERROR ;IF AT END OF
0712 0E20 REG15 MVI C,' ' TABLE,ARG.IS
0714 CDF805 CALL ECHO ILLEGAL
0717 23 INX H ;POINT TO START OF NEXT 0726 B9 CMP C ;ELSE, COMPARE
TABLE ENTRY TABLE ENTRY &
0718 C3ED06 JP REG05 ;DO NEXT REGISTER ARGUMENT
0727 CA2E07 JZ RGA10 ;IFEQUAL,WE'VE
******************************************************************* FOUND WHAT WE'RE
FUNCTION : RGADR LOOKING FOR
INPUTS : C - CHARACTER DENOTING REGISTER 072A 19 DAD D ;ELSE INCREMENT
OUTPUTS : BC - ADDRESS OF ENTRY IN RTAB TABLE POINTER TO
CORROSPONDING TO REG NEXT ENTRY
CALLS : ERROR 072B C32107 JMP RGA05 ;TRY AGAIN
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S 072E 23 RGA10 INX H ;IF A MATCH INR.
DESCRIPTION :RGADR TAKES A SINGLE CHARACTER AS TABLE
INPUT.THIS CHARACTER DENOTES A 072F 44 MOV B, H ;POINTER TO SAVE
REGISTER. RGADR SEARCHES THE TABLE LOC.ADDR.
RTAB FOR A MATCH ON THE I/P 0730 4D MOV C, L ;RETURN THIS VALUE
ARGUMENT.IF ONE OCCURS,RGADR 0731 C9 RET
RETURNS THE ADDR OF THE SAVED
LOCATION CORRESPONDING TO THE
REGISTER. THIS ADDRESS POINTS INTO

77. D-69 D-70
******************************************************** ********************************************************
FUNCTION : SRET FUNCTION : STHLF
INPUTS : NONE INPUTS : C - 4 BIT VALUE TO BE STORED IN HALF BYTE
OUTPUTS : CARRY = 1 DE - 16 BIT ADDR. OF BYTE TO BE STORED INTO
CALLS : NOTHING OUTPUTS : NONE
DESTROYS : CARRY CALLS : NOTHING
DESCRIPTION : SRET IS JUMPED TO BY RIUTINES DESTROYS : A, B, C, H, L, F/F'S
WISHING TO RETURN DESCRIPTION : STHLF TAKES THE 4 BIT VALUE IN C
SUCCESS.SRET SETS THE CARRY AND STORES IT IN HALF OF THE
TRUE & THEN RETURNS TO THE BYTE ADDRESSED BY REGISTER
CALLER OF THE ROUTINE INVOKING DE. THE HALF BYTE USED(EITHER
SRET. UPPER OR LOWER) IS DENOTED BY
THE VALUE OF THE FLAG IS TEMP.
SRET STHLF ASSUMES THAT THIS FLAG
0732 37 STC SET CARRY TRUE HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY SET
0733 C9 RET RETURN APPROPRIATELY (NORMALLY BY ICMD)
******************************************************** STHLF
FUNCTION : STHFO 073F D5 PUSH D
INPUTS : DE - 16BIT ADDRESS OF BYTE TO BE STORED 0740 E1 POP H ;MOVE ADDR. OF BYTE IN HL
INTO 0741 79 MOV A, C ;GET VALUE
OUTPUTS : NONE 0742 E60F ANI 0FH ;FORCE TO 4 BIT LENGTH
CALLS : STHLF 0744 4F MOV C, A ;PUT VALUE BACK
DESTROYS : A, B, C, H, L, F/F'S 0745 3AFDFF LDA TEMP ;GET HALF BYTE FLAG
DESCRIPTION : STHFO CHECKS THE HALF BYTE 0748 B7 ORA A ;CHECK FOR LOWER HALF
FLAG IN TEMP TO SEE IF IT SET TO 0749 C25207 JNZ STH05 ;BRANCH IF NOT
LOWER. IF SO, STFHO STORES 074C 7E MOV A, M ;ELSE GET BYTE
A 0 TO PAD OUT THE LOWER HALF 074D E6F0 ANI 0F0H ;CLEAR LOWER 4 BITS
OF THE ADDRESSED BYTE : 074F B1 ORA C ;OR IN VALUE
OTHERWISE,THE ROUTINE TAKES 0750 77 MOV M, A ;PUT BYTE BACK
NO ACTION. 0751 C9 RET
0752 7E STH05 MOV A, M ;IF UPPER HALF,GET BYTE
STHFO 0753 E60F ANI 0FH ;CLEAR UPPER 4 BITS
0734 3AFDFF LDA TEMP ;GET HALF BYTE FLAG 0755 47 MOV B, A ;SAVE BYTE IN B
0737 B7 ORA A ;SET F/F'S 0756 79 MOV A, C ;GET VALUE
0738 C0 RNZ ;IF SET TO UPPER DO NOT 0757 0F RRC
DO ANYTHING 0758 0F RRC
0739 0E00 MVI C, 0 ;ELSE WANT TO STORE THE 0759 0F RRC
VALUE 0 075A 0F RRC ;ALIGN TO UPPER 4 BITS
073B CD3F07 CALL STHLF ;DO IT 075B B0 ORA B ;OR IN ORIGINAL LOWER 4 BITS
073E C9 RET 075C 77 MOV M, A ;PUT NEW CONFGURATION BACK
075D C9 RET

78. D-71 D-72
******************************************************** ********************************************************
FUNCTION : VALDG FUNCTION : VALDL
INPUTS : C - 1 ASCII CHARACTER INPUTS : C - CHARACTER
OUTPUTS : CARRY - 1 IF CHAR. REPRESENTS VALID HEX OUTPUTS : CARRY - 1 IF INPUT ARGUMENT VALID
DIGIT DELIMITER
0 OTHERWISE - 0 OTHERWISE
CALLS : NOTHING CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : A, F/F'S DESTROYS : A, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION : VALDG RETURNS SUCCESS IF ITS DESCRIPTION : VALDL RETURNS SUCCESS IF ITS
INPUT ARGUMENT IS IN ASCII CHAR. INPUT ARGUMENT IS A VALID
REPRESENTING A VALID HEX DELIMITER CHARACTER (SPACE,
HEX DIGIT (0-9, A-F) AND FAILURE COMMA, CR)AND FAILURE
OTHERWISE. OTHERWISE.
VALDL
VALDG 0779 79 MOV A,C
075E 79 MOV A, C 077A FE2C CPI ',' ;CHECK FOR COMMA
075F FE30 CPI 'C' ;TEST CHAR. AGAINST '0' 077C CA3207 JZ SRET
0761 FA1C06 JM FRET ;IF ASCII CODE IS 077F FE0D CPI CR ;CHECK FOR CARRIAGE
LESS,CANNOT BE VALID RETURN
DIGIT 0781 CA3207 JZ SRET
0764 FE39 CPI '9' ;ELSE SEE IF IN RANGE '0'-'9' 0784 FE20 CPI ' ' ;CHECK FOR SPACE
0766 FA3207 JM SRET ;CODE BET' '0' - '9' 0786 CA3207 JZ SRET
0769 CA3207 JM SRET ;CODE EQUAL '9' 0769 C31C06 JMP FRET ;ERROR IF NONEOF ABOVE
076C FE41 CPI 'A' ;NOT A DIGIT-TRY FOR A
LETTER ********************************************************
076E FA1C06 JM FRET ;NO CODE BET' '9'-'A' MONITOR TABLES
0771 FE47 CPI 'G' ********************************************************
0773 F21C06 JP FRET ;NO CODE THAN 'F'
0776 C33207 JMP SRET ;OKAY CODE IS 'A' TO 'F' 078C 0D SGNON DB CR, LF, 'MICROFRIEND-I' CR, LF
EOT.
078D 0A
078E 4D494352
0792 4F465249
0796 454E442D
079A 4920200D

79. D-73 D-74
079E 0A 07C3 46 DB 'F'
079F 00 LSGNON EQU S-SGNON ;LENGTH OF RTAB ;TABLE OF REGISTER
SIGNON MESSAGE INFORMATION
CADR ;TABLE OF 07C4 41 DB 'A' ;REGISTER
ADDRESSES OF IDENTIFIER
COMNMAND 07C5 EE DB ASAV AND 0FFH
ROUTINES ;ADDRESS OF
07A0 0000 DW 0 REGISTER SAVE
07A2 1405 DW XCMD LOCATION
07A4 F004 DW SCMD 07C6 00 DB0 ;LENGTH FLAG 0=8
07A6 D004 DW MCMD BITS 1=16 BITS
07A8 8604 DW ICMD 0003 RTABS EQU $-RTAB ;SIZE OF AN ENTRY
07AA 6804 DW GCMD IN THIS TABLE
07AC 3704 DW DCMD 07C7 42 DB 'B'
CTAB ;TABLE OF VALID 07C8 EC DB BSAV AND 0FFH
COMMAND 07C9 00 DB 0
CHARACTERS 07CA 43 DB 'C'
07CB EB DB CSAV AND 0FFH
07AE 44 DB 'D' 07CC 00 DB 0
07AE 47 DB 'G' 07CD 44 DB 'D'
07AE 49 DB 'I' 07CE EA DBD SAV AND 0FFH
07AE 4D DB 'M' 07CF 00 DB 0
07AE 53 DB 'S' 07D0 45 DB 'E'
07AE 58 DB 'X' 07D1 E9 DB ESAV AND 0FFH
0006 NCMDS EQU $-CTAB ;NUM. OF VALID 07D2 00 DB 0
COMMANDS 07D3 46 DB 'F'
DIGTB ;NUM. OF PRINT VALUE OF 07D4 ED DB FSAV AND 0FFH
HEX DIGITS 07D5 00 DB 0
07B4 30 DB '0' 07D6 49 DB 'I'
07B5 31 DB '1' 07D7 F1 DB ISAV AND 0FFH
07B6 32 DB '2' 07D8 00 DB 0
07B7 33 DB '3' 07D9 48 DB 'H'
07B8 34 DB '4' 07DA F0 DB HSAV AND 0FFH
07B9 35 DB '5' 07DB 00 DB 0
07BA 36 DB '6' 07DC 4C DB 'L'
07BB 37 DB '7' 07DD EF DB LSAV AND 0FFH
07BC 38 DB '8' 07DE 00 DB 0
07BD 39 DB '9' 07DF 4D DB 'M'
07BE 41 DB 'A' 07E0 FD DB MSAV AND 0FFH
07BF 42 DB 'B' 07E1 01 DB 1
07C0 43 DB 'C' 07E2 53 DB 'S'
07C1 44 DB 'D' 07E3 F5 DB SSAV AND 0FFH
07C2 45 DB 'E' 07E4 01 DB 1

80. D-75 D-76
07E5 50 DB 'P' 0811 9CFF U1RAM
07E6 F3 DB PSAV+1 AND 0FFH 0813 AE0E LOAD
07E7 01 DB 1 0815 4108 CODE
07E8 00 DB 0 ;END OF TABLE 0817 B70C SAVE
MARK 0819 FD00 STEP
07E9 000B79 DB 0 081B 5109 REG
07EC BOC2C2 JMP CO ;TTY CONSOLE 081D 8B01 SET
OUTPUT 081E CB00 RUN
07EF 0CC3CA JMP CI ;TTY CONSOLE INPUT 0821 5C08 COD-A 00 MOVE BLOCK
07F2 0C3E95 0823 E50B 01 FILL BLOCK
07F5 D305C3 0825 DD08 02 INSERT BYTE
07F8 9503 0827 2909 03 DELETE BYTE
07FA C3C405 0829 BD08 04 BLOCK SEARCH
07FD C39005 082B 5109 05 HEX TO DECIMAL
07F0 C3CA0C 082D 9F09 06 DECIMAL TO HEX
07F3 3E95 CODE0 MVI A, 95 082F F10B 07 PROGRAMMING
07F5 D305 OUT CNTRL 0831 A70B 08 VERIFY
07F7 C39503 JMP CODE1 0833 1502 09 FERR
0395 3EF7 CODE1 MVI A, BLANK DOT 0835 1502 0A BLANK CHECK
0397 D305 OUT DATA 0837 E60A 0B BLANK CHECK
0399 C9 RET 0839 650B 0C CHKSUM
0800 08 CMDTB GO 083B 1502 0D FERR
0801 00 SET 083D A608 0E COMPLEMENT
0802 03 REG BLOCK
0803 02 STEP 083F 5B0E 0F ROLLING DISPLAY
0804 0B SAVE 0841 0600 CODE MVI B, NODOT
0805 01 CODE 0843 CDD701 CALL CLEAR
0806 0A LOAD 0846 CDF307 MVI B, DTFLD
0807 0C U1 0849 06 CALL GTHEX
0808 0D U2 084A 01
0809 0E U3 084B CD2B02 JNC ERR
080A 0F U4 084E 1600 MVI D, 00
080B A5FF CMDAD U4RAM 0850 7B MOV A, E
080D A2FF U3RAM 0851 FE11 CPI 10
080F 9FFF U2RAM 0853 D21502 JNC ERR

81. D-77 D-78
0856 212108 LXI H, CODEA 08AC 7E CM1 MOV A, M
0859 C3A40C JMP RMNCOD 08AD 2F CMA
085C 3EFF MOVEBLK MVI A, 0FF 08AE 77 MOV M, A
085E 32BFFF STA COPYTEST 08AF 00 NOP
0861 CD780A BLMOV CALL LDAIL 08B0 BE CMP M
0864 2AB9FF LHLD DSSAVE 08B1 C21502 JNZ ERROR
0867 EB XCHG 08B4 23 INX H
0868 2ABDFF LHLD SSAVE 08B5 EB XCHG
086B 3ADFFF MB1 LDA COPYTEST 08B6 CD6F0A CALL S-E
086E FE00 CPI L 08B9 D2AC08 JNC CM1
0870 CA7708 JZ MB2 08BC CF RST 1
0873 7E MOV A, M 08BD CD460C BLOCKSEARCH CALL SRLD
0874 C37A08 JMP MB3 08C0 2ABDFF LHLD SSAVE
0877 CDD60B MB2 CALL READ 08C3 46 BZI MOV B, M
087A 47 MB3 MOV B, A 08C4 3AB8FF LDA SERSAVE
087B EB XCHG 08C7 B8 CMP B
087C 77 MOV M, A 08C8 CCD408 CZ DISPLY
087D 7E MOV A, M 08CB 23 INX H
087E B8 CMP B 08CC EB XCHG
087F C21502 JNZ ERR 08CD CD6F0A CALL S-E
0822 13 IND X 08D0 D2C308 JNC BS1
0823 23 INX H 08D3 CF RST 1
0824 E5 PUSH H 08D4 E5 DISPLY PUSH HL
0825 CD6F0A CALL 08D5 D5 PUSH DE
0828 D1 POP D 08D6 F5 PUSH PSW
0829 D26B08 JNC MB1 08D7 CD6203 CALL UPDAD1
088C CF RST 1 08DA C3910D JMP DISP1
088D CD46 08DD CDAA0A INSERT CALL SEDI ;LOAD DE
088F 2ABDFF FILL BLK LHLD SSAVE 08E0 0601 MVI B, 01
0892 3AB8FF LDA SRSAVE 08E2 CDD701 CALL CLEAR ;DOT IN ADDR. FIELD
0895 47 MOV B, A 08E5 0E03 MVI A, 03
0896 00 NOP 08E7 CDC20A CALL DTDISP
0897 77 MOV M, A 08EA 00 NOP
0898 7E MOV A, M 08EB 0600 MVI B, 00
0899 B8 CMP B 08ED CD2B02 CALL GTHEX ;IA
089A C21502 JNZ ERR 08F0 D21502 JNC ERROR
089D 23 INX H 08F3 EB XCHG
089E EB XCHG 08F4 22B6FF SHLD IASAVE ;IA
089F CD6F08 CALL S-E 08F7 CD490C INS1 CALL SRL1 ;LOAD SR
08A2 D29208 JNC FB1 08FA 2ABBFF LHLD SESAVE
08A5 CF RST 1 08FD 54 MOV D, H ;HL:SS-SE
08A6 CD930A COMPLEMENT CALL LDSSE 08FE 5D MOV E, L
08A9 2ABDFF LHLD SSAVE 08FF 13 INX D ;DE:DS(SE+1)

82. D-79 D-80
0900 7E INSZ MOV A, M ;DATA AT SS 0939 CD2B02 CALL GTHEX
0901 47 MOV B, A 093C D21502 JNC ERR
0902 EB XCHG 093F EB XCHG
0903 77 MOV M, A 0940 22B4FF SHLD DASAVE
0904 7E MOV A, M 0943 000000 NOPS
0905 B8 CMP B 0946 E5 PUSH H
0906 C21502 JNZ ERR 0947 D1 POP D
0909 1B DCX DE 0948 23 INX H
090A 2B DCX HL 0949 3EFF MVI A, FF
090B EB ECHG 094B 32BFFF STA COPYTEST
090C D5 PUSH DE 094E C36B08 JMP MB1
090D E5 PUSH HL 0951 0E05 HEX-DEMVI C, 05
090E 2AB6FF LHLD IASAVE 0953 CDC20A CALL DTDISP
0911 EB ECHG 0956 0600 MVI B, 00
0912 E1 POP HL 0958 CD2B02 CALL GTHEX
0913 7D MOV A, L 095B D21502 JNC ERROR
0914 93 SUB E 095E EB XCHG
0915 7C MOV A, H 095F 22B1FF SHLD HESAVE
0916 9A SUB D 0962 AF RAA
0917 D1 POP DE 0963 32B1FF STA CARRY LOC
0918 D20009 JNC INS2 0966 010000 LXI B, 00
091B 2AB6FF LHLD TASAVE 0969 7C HD0 MOV A, H ;SEE HL=HEX
091E 3AB8FF LDA SRSAVE COUNT 00
0921 77 MOV M, A 096A B5 ORA L
0922 47 MOV B, A 096B CA8909 JZ HD3 ;OVER
0923 7E MOV A, M DISPLAY BC
0924 B8 CMP B 096E 2B DCX HL ;DECIMAL
0925 C2150A CF JNZ ERROR CARRY CLEAR
0929 CDAA0A DELETE CALL SED1 096F AF XRA A
092C 0601 MVI B, 01 0970 79 MOV A, C
092E CDD701 CALL CLEAR 0971 3C INR A ;INCREMENT C
0931 0E04 MVI C, 04 0972 37 DAA ;DECIMALLY
0933 CDC20A CALL DTDISP 0973 4F MOV C, A
0936 00 NOP
0937 0600 MVI B, 00

83. D-81 D-82
0974 D26909 JNC HD0 ;IF NO CARRY 09C1 D5 PUSH DE ;SAVE HEX COUNT
0977 AF XRA A 09C2 C3640C JP DH2 ;DISPLAY HEX
0978 78 MOV A, B COUNT
0979 3C INR A 09C5 AF DH0 XRA A ;CLEAR CARRY
097A 27 DAA 09C6 13 INX DE ;INCREMENT HEX
097B 47 MOV B, A 09C7 7D MOV A, L
097C D26909 JNC HD0 ;IF NO CARRY CHECK 09C8 3C INR A ;DECIMAL
097F 3AB1FF LDA CARRY LOC ADJUST
0982 3C INR A 09C9 27 DAA & INCREMENT H1
0983 32B1FF STA CARRY LOC ;CARRY 09CA 6F MOV L, A
AFTER 09CB D2B709
0986 C36909 JMP HD0 ;EACH BC 09CE AF XRA A
0989 3AB1FF HD3 LDA CARRY LOC ;DECIMAL 09CF 7C MOV A, H ;DECIMALLY
098C 67 MOV H, A INCREMENT
098D 68 MOV L, B ;IN ADDRESS 09D0 3C INR A ;H AND
098E C5 PUSH BC ;CARRY & 09D1 27 DAA ;CONTINUE
098F CD6203 CALL MODI DAD1 ;HIGHER 09D2 67 MOV H, A
BYTE OF 09D3 C3B709 JMP DH1
0992 C1 POP BC ;BCD COUNTER 09D6 FF
DATES 09D7 C30F0E SERIAL JMP SRL1
0993 79 MOV A, C ;SHOWN OVER BYTE 09DA CDE309 CALL BRID
0994 CD6E03 CALL MODIDTA 09DD CDFA03 CALL SIGNON
0997 76 HLT 09E0 C30804 JMP GETCM
0998 TO 099E IS BLANK. 09E3 20 BRI0 RIM
099F 0E06 DEC-HEX MVI C, 06 ;DISPLAY DE 09E4 B7 ORA Z
09A1 CDC20A CALL DTDISP 09E5 FAE809 JP BRID
09A4 0600 MVI B, 00 ;GET IN DE 09E8 20 BRI1 RIM
09A6 CD2B02 CALL GTHEX 09E9 B7 ORA Z
09A9 D21502 JNC ERR ;DECIMAL 09EA FAE809 JM BRI1
09AC D5 PUSH DE ;NUMBER 09ED 21FAFF LXI H, -6
09AD C1 POP BC ;BC:NUMBER 09F0 1E04 BRI3 MVI E, 04
09AE 219999 LXI H, 9999 ;HL:9999 09F2 1D BRI4 DCR E
09B1 110000 LXI D, 0000 ;DE:00 HEX 09F3 C2F209 JM BRI1
CNTR 09F6 23 INX H
09B4 AF XRA ;CLEAR CARRY 09F7 20 RIM
09B5 00 NOP 09F8 B7 ORA A
09B6 08 DSUB ;UNSPECIFIED LODE 09F9 F2F009 JP BRI3
HL-BC INTO HL 09FC E5 PUSH H
09B7 3E99 DH2 MVI A, 99 ;9999-NUMBER 09FD 24 INR H
09B9 BD CMP L 09FE 2C INR L
09BA C2C509 JNZ DH0 09FF 22C0FF SHLD BIT TIME
09BD BC CMP P ;IS HL 9999? 0A02 E1 POP H
09BE C2C509 JNZ DH0 ;IF NO LOOP 0A03 B7 ORA A

84. D-83 D-84
0A04 7C MOV A, H 0A46 7B MOV A, E
0A05 1F RAR 0A47 32ACFF STA CnSAVE
0A06 67 MOV H, A 0A4A C9 RET
0A07 7D MOV A, L 0A4B 3AACFF SSTCP LDA CnSAVE
0A08 1F RAR 0A4E FE00 CPI 00
0A09 6F MOV L, A 0A50 CAFD00 JZ STEP
0A0A 24 INR H 0A53 2AF2FF LHLD PCSAVE
0A0B 0606 MVI B, 06 0A56 EB XCHG
0A0D C3080E JMP 6PASS 0A57 2AADFF LHLD BrSAVE
0A10 79 CNVBN MOV A, C 0A5A 7D MOV A, L
0A11 D630 SUI '0' 0A5B BB CMP E
0A13 FE0A CPI 10 0A5C C22601 JNZ STP20
0A15 F8 RM 0A5F 7C MOV A, H
0A16 D607 SUI 7 0A60 BA CMP D
0A18 C9 RET 0A61 C22601 JNZ STP20
0A19 0601 MVI B, 01 0A64 3AACFF LDA CnSAVE
0A1B CDD701 CALL 0A67 3D DCR A
0A1E 0E07 MVI C, 07 0A68 32ACFF STA CnSAVE
0A20 CDC20A CALL 0A6B C3AB0C JMP SST0
0A23 000600 0A6F 2ABBFF LHLD SESAVE
0A26 CD2B02 CALL GTHEX 0A72 7D MOV A, L
0A29 D21502 INC ERROR 0A73 93 SUB E
0A2C EB XCHG 0A74 7C MOV A, H
0A2D 22ADFF SHLD BRASAVE 0A75 9A SBB D
0A30 21E20A LXI H, CnADR 0A76 EB XCHG
0A33 AF XRA A 0A77 C9 RET
0A34 47 MOV B, A 0A78 CD930A LDALL CALL LDSSE
0A35 CDB702 CALL OUTOUT 0A7B 0601 MVI B, 01
0A38 3E01 MVI A, 01 0A7D CDD701 CALL
0A3A 47 MOV B, A 0A80 0E02 MVI C, 02
0A3B 21310B LXI H, 0B31 ;BLANK 0A82 CDC20A CALL
0A3E CDB702 CALL OUTPUT 0A85 000600
0A41 0601 MVI B, 01 ;USE ADDRESS FIELD 0A88 CD2B02 CALL GTHEX
OF DISPLAY & DOT 0A8B D21502 JNC ERR
0A43 CD2B02 CALL GTHEX 0A8E EB XCHG

85. D-85 D-86
0A8F 22B9FF SHLD DSSAVE 0ADC 0B
0A92 C9 RET 0ADD 14
0A93 0601 LDSSE MVI C, 01 0ADE 15 SRADR
0A95 CDD701 CALL DIDISP 0ADF 15
0A98 0E00 LHLD SSAVE 0AE0 05
0A9B CDC20A CALL UPDAD1 0AE1 14
0A9D 00 NOP 0AE2 15 CnADR
0A9E 0600 MVI B, 0 0AE3 15
0AA0 CD2B02 CALL GTHEX 0AE4 0C
0AA3 D21502 JNC ERROR 0AE5 16
0AA6 EB XCHG 0AE6 CD160B BLANCKCHK CALL PrLOAD
0AA7 22BDFF SHLD SSAVE 0AE9 210080 LXI H, 8000
0AAA 0601 MVI B, 01 0AEC 000000 NOPs
0AAC CDD701 CALL 0AEF 06FF BC1 MVI B, FF
0AAF 0E01 MCI C, 01 0AF1 7E0000 MOV A, M NOP NOP
0AF4 B8 CMP B
0AF5 C4D408 CMZ DISPLAY
0AB1 CDD20A CALL 0AF8 23 INX H
0AB4 000600 0AF9 EB XCHG
0AB7 CD2B02 CALL GTHEX 0AFA CDD60B CALL CALC
0ABA D21502 JNC ERROR 0AFD 67 MOV H, L
0ABD EB XCHG 0AFE 2EFF MVI L, FF
0ABE 22BBFF SHLD SESAVE 0B00 000000 NOP
0AC1 C9 RET 0B03 000000 NOP
0AC2 0600 DIDISP MVI B, 00 0B06 000000 NOP
0AC4 21CE0A LXI H, SSADR 0B09 0000
0AC7 09 DTDO DAD BC 0B0B 7D BC3 MOV A, L
0AC8 09 DAD BC 0B0C 93 SUB E
0AC9 3E01 MVI 01 0B0D 7C MOV A, H
0ACB C3B702 JMP OUTPUT 0B0E 9A SBB D
0ACE 0505 SSADR DCR B 0B0F EB XCHG
0AD0 05 DCR B 0B10 D2EF0A JNC BC1
0AD1 0E 0B13 CF
0AD2 0D 0B14 EF
0AD3 05 0B15 FF
0AD4 13 0B16 21310B PrLOAD LXI H, PrADR
0AD5 0A 0B19 AF XRA A
0AD6 0D 0B1A 47 MOV B, A
0AD7 0A 0B1B CDB702 CALL OUTPUT
0AD8 10 0B1E 3E01 MVI A, 01
0AD9 0E 0B20 47 MOV B, A
0ADA 0D 0B21 21310B LXI H, 0B ;BLANK OF
0ADB 0E DISPLAY DOT

86. D-87 D-88
0B24 CDB702 CALL OUTPUT 0B6E 0E00 MOV C, 00
0B27 0601 MVI B, 01 0B70 210080 LXI H, 8000
0B29 CD2B02 CALL GTHEX ;GET HEX IN 0B73 7E CH0 MOV A, M
ADDR. 0B74 81 POP D
0B2C 7B MOV A, E 0B75 4F ADD C
0B2D 32A7FF STA PrSAVE 0B76 23 INX H
0B30 C9 RET 0B77 7B MOV A, E
0B31 15 PRADR b 0B78 95 SUB L
0B32 15 b 0B79 7A MOV A, D
0B33 12 p 0B7A 9C SBB H
0B34 14 R 0B7B D2730B JNC CH0
0B35 CD900C DUPL CALL DDISP 0B7E 69 MOV L, C
0B38 3AA9FF LDA PRSAVE 0B7F 2600 MVI H, 00
0B3B FE01 CPI 01 0B81 CD620B LXI H, CHADR
0B3D CA460B JZ DUP1 0B84 3E01 MVI A,01
0B40 21FF07 LXI H, 07FF 0B86 0600 MVI B,00
0B43 C3490B JMP DUP2 0B88 21A50B LXI H, CHADR
0B46 21FF0F DUP1 LXI H, 0FFF 0B8B CDB702 CALL OUTPUT
0B49 110030 DUP2 LXI D, 3000 0B8E 76 HALT
0B4C 19 DAD DE 0B8F 0000 NOPs
0B4D 22BBFF SHLD SESAVE 0B91 7B CH2 MOV A, E
0B50 EB XCHG 0B92 95 SUB L
0B51 22BDFF SHLD SSAVE 0B93 7A MOV A, D
0B54 2600 MVI H, 00 0B94 9C SBB H
0B56 C3B10C JMP DUP3 0B95 E1 POP H
0B59 F7 0B96 D2710B JNC CH0
0B5A 0B 0B99 CD6203 CALL UPDAD1
0B5B CD880C COPY CALL CDISP 0B9C 3E01 MVI A, 01
0B5E AF XRA A 0B9E 21A50B LXI H, CHADR
0B5F 32BFFF CHKSUM STA COPYTEST 0BA1 CDB702 CALL GTHEX
0B62 C36108 JMP BLMOV 0BA4 76 HALT
0B65 CD160B CALL PrLOAD 0BA5 0C CHADR INR C
0B68 CDD60B CALL CALC 0BA6 00 NOP
0B6B 57 MOV D, A 0BA7 0000 VERIFY NOP
0B6C 1EFF MOV E, FF 0BA9 CD800C CALL VDISP

87. D-89 D-90
0BAC 2AB9FF LHLD DSSAVE 0BF4 2AB9FF LHLD FF89
0BAF EB XCHG 0BF7 EB XCHG
0BB0 2ABDFF LHLD SSAVE 0BF8 2ABDFF LHLD FFBD
0BB3 EB XCHG 0BFB 7E MOV A, M
0BB4 46 VFY1 MOV B, M 0BFC 47 MOV B, A
0BB5 EB XCHG 0BFD EB XCHG
0BB6 7E MOV A, M 0BFE 77 MOV M, A
0BB7 EB XCHG 0BFF E5 PUSH H
0BB8 B8 MOV A, M 0C00 C5 PUSH B
0BB9 78 XCHG 0C01 F5 PUSH PSW
0BBA C4D408 CMP B 0C02 D5 PUSH D
0BBD 23 INX H 0C03 0600 MVI B, 00
0BBE 13 INX D 0C05 CD6203 CALL 0362
0BBF E5 PUSH HL 0C08 D1 POP D
0BC0 2ABBFF LHLD SESAVE 0C09 D5 PUSH D
0BC3 7D MOV A, L 0C0A EB XCHG
0BC4 93 SUB E 0C0B 0600 MVI B, 00
0BC5 7C MOV A, H 0C0D 7E MOV A, M
0BC6 9A SBB D 0C0E CD6E03 CALL 036E
0BC7 E1 POP H 0C11 D1 POP D
0BC8 00 NOP 0C12 F1 POP PSW
0BC9 D2B40B JNC VFY1 0C13 C1 POP B
0BCC CF RST 1 0C14 E1 POP H
0BCD E5 0C15 7E MOV A, M
0BCE CD6E03 0C16 B8 CMP B
0BD1 F1 0C17 C21502 JNZ 0215
0BD2 CD6E06 0C1A 13 LDAX D
0BD5 76 0C1B 23 INX H
0BD6 3AA9FF CALC LDA $20A9 0C1C E5 XCHG
0BD9 47 MOV B, A 0C1D CD6F0A CALL 0A6F
0BDA 3E03 MVI A, 03 0C20 D1 POP E
0BDC 37 STC 0C21 D2FB0B JNC 0BFB
0BDD 17 RAL 0C24 CF RST 7.5
0BDE 05 DCR B 0C25 00 NOP
0BDF F2DC0B JP 0BDC 0C26 D5 PUSH DE
0BE2 C680 ADI 80 0C27 11FF19 LXI D, 19FF
0BE4 C9 RET 0C2A CDF105 CALL DELAY
0BE5 CD460C CALL SRKD 0C2D D1 POP DE
0BE8 CD8F08 JMP 088F 0C2E 7A MOV A, D
0BEB 000000 NOPs 0C2F F660 ORI 60
0BEE 0000 NOPs 0C31 D302 OUT 02
0BF0 00 PROGRAM NOP 0C33 13 INX D
0BF1 CD780A CALL 0A78 0C34 23 INX H

88. D-91 D-92
0C35 EB XCHG 0C7B 0E00 MVI C, 00
0C36 E5 PUSH H 0C7D C36B0C JMP MESG
0C37 2ABBFF LHLD SESAVE 0C80 CD780A VDISP CALL LDALL
0C3A 7D MOV A, L 0C83 0E01 MVI C, 01
0C3B 93 SUB E 0C85 C36B0C JMP MESG
0C3C 7C MOV A, H 0C88 CD160B CDISP CALL PRLOAD
0C3D 9A SBB D 0C8B 0E02 MVI C, 02
0C3E E1 POP H 0C8D C36B0C JMP MESG
0C3F EB XCHG 0C90 CD160B DDISP CALL PRLOAD
0C40 D20E0C JNX PRO 0C93 0E03 MVI C, 03
0C43 C3360E JMP PR1 0C95 C36B0C
0C46 CD830A SRKD CALL LDSSE 0C98 b 15 BLANK
0C49 21DE0A LXI H, SRADR 0C99 p 12 P
0C4C AF XRA A 0C9A b 15 BLANK
0C4D 47 MOV B, A 0C9B V 17 U
0C4E CDB702 CALL OUTPUT 0C9C h 15 BLANK
0C51 3E01 MVI A, 01 0C9D r OR 0C C
0C53 47 MOV B, A 0C9E b 15 BLANK
0C54 CDB702 CALL OUTPUT 0C9F D 0D D
0C57 0601 MVI B, 01 0CA0 B 15 BLANK
0C59 CD2B02 CALL GTHEX 0CA1 S 05 S
0C5C D21502 INC ERR 0CA2 b 15 BLANK
0C5F 7B MOV A, E 0CA3 L 11 L
0C60 32B8FF STA SRSAVE 0CA4 19 RMNC0D DAD D
0C63 C9 RET 0CA5 19 DAD D
0C64 CDD701 DH2 CALL CLEAR 0CA6 7E MOV A, M
0C67 E1 POP HL 0CA7 23 INX H
0C68 C38D0D JMP DH3 0CA8 66 MOV A, M
0C6B C5 MESG PUSH BC 0CA9 6F MOV L, A
0C6C CDD701 CALL CLEAR 0CAA E9 PCHL
0C6F C1 POP BC 0CAB C22601 SST0 JNZ STP20
0C70 0600 MVI B, 00 0CAE C3FD00 JMP STEP
0C72 21980C LXI H, PADR 0CB1 22B9FF DUP3 SHLD SSAVE
0C75 C3C70A JMP DIDO 0CB4 C3F70B JMP PROG
0C78 CD780A PDISP CALL LDALL

89. D-93 D-94
0CB7 CD930A SAVE CALL LDSSE ;GET SS AND 0D0A 57 MOV D, A
SE BLOCK 0D0B 23 INX HL
LIMIT 0D0C 0B DCX BC
0CBA 21550D LXI H, FnSAVE ;DISPLAY Fn 0D0D 78 MOV A, B
0CBD CD190B CALL PrLOAD 0D0E B1 ORA C
0CC0 32BAFF STA FnSAVE 0D0F 7A MOV A, D
0CC3 0E04 MVI C, 04 0D10 C2090D JNZ SUM0
0CC5 CD6B0C CALL MESG 0D13 B7 ORA A
0CC8 CD040D CALL CHKSUM1 ;SAME FILE NAME 0D14 C9 RET
0CCB 32BFFF STA (CHSAVE) ;SAVE CHECKSUM 0D15 5E TAPEOUT MOV E, M ;OUTPUT A MEMORY
0CCE 21A00F LXI H, 4000D BLOCK TO
0CD1 DA1502 JC ERROR ;MISMATCH ERROR 0D16 CD210D CALL OUTBYTE ;TAPE
0CD4 CD590D CALL 1KOUT ;1KHz LEADER FOR 4 0D19 23 INX HL
SEC. 0D1A 0B DCX BC
0CD7 21BAFF LXI H, BUSTADR ;BUFFER START 0D1B 78 MOV A, B
ADDRESS 0D1C B1 ORA C
0CDA 010600 LXI B, 0006 ;6 PARAMETER OIP 0D1D C2150D JNZ TAPEOUT
0CDD CD150D CALL TAPEOUT ;SEND Fn,SE,SS & 0D20 C9 RET
CHECKSUM 0D21 1608 OUTBYTE MVI D, 08
0CE0 21A00F LXI H, 4000 0D23 B7 ORA A
0CE3 CD5E0D CALL 2KOUT ;O/P 2KHz MIDSYNC. 0D24 CD350D CALL OUTBIT
0CE6 CDF50C CALL GETPARA ;SET SS AND BLOCK 0D27 7B MOV A, E
COUNT 0D28 0F RRC
0CE9 CD150D CALL TAPEOUT 0D29 CD690F CALL OUTBIT
0CEC 21A00F LXI H, 4000D 0D2C 15 DCR D ;8 BIT DATA
0CEF CD5E0D CALL 2KOUT ;2KHz END SYNC. 0D2D C2270D JNZ 0B
0CF2 C34E00 JMP SIGNON ;FrIEnd 0D30 37 STC
0CF5 2ABBFF GETPARA LHLD SESAVE 0D31 CD350D CALL OUTBIT ;STOP BIT
0CF8 EB XCHG 0D34 C9 RET
0CF9 2ABDFF LHLD SSAVE ;THIS RETURN SS IN 0D35 E5 OUTBIT PUSH H
HL 0D36 D5 PUSH D
0CFC 7B MOV A, E ;AND BYTE COUNT IN BC 0D37 C5 PUSH B
0CFD 95 SUB L 0D38 2600 MVI H, 00
0CFE 4F MOV C, A 0D3A DA470D JC OUT1
0CFF 7A MOV A, D ;BC=DE-HL=SE-SS 0D3D 2E08 MVI L, 08
0D00 9C SBB H 0D3F CD5E0D CALL 2KOYT
0D01 47 MOV B, A 0D42 2E02 MVI L, 02
0D02 03 INX B ;BC=BYTE COUNT HL:SS 0D44 C34E0D JMP OUT2
0D03 C9 RET 0D47 2E04 MVI L, 04
0D04 CDF50 CHKSUM CALL GETPARA ;GET PARAMETER 0D49 CD5E0D CALL 2KOUT
0D07 D8 RET 0D4C 2E04 MVI L, 04
0D08 AF XRA A 0D4E CD590D CALL 1KOUT
0D09 86 SUM0 ADD A, HL 0D51C1 POP B

90. D-95 D-96
0D52 D1 POP D 0D8A 20 RIM
0D53 E1 POP H 0D8B 17 RAL
0D54 C9 RET 0D8C C9 RET
0D55 15 FnADR BLANK 0D8D CD6203 DH3 CALL UPDAD1
0D56 15 BLANK 0D90 76 HLT
0D57 0F F 0D91 F1 DISP1 POP PSW
0D58 16 n 0D92 CD6E03 CALL UPDAD1
0D59 0E61 1KOUT MVI C, F1K 0D95 CDE702 DISP2 CALL RDKBD
0D5B C3600D JMP TONE 0D98 FE10 CPI 11
0D5E 0E2E 2KOUT MVI C, F2K 0D9A C2950D INZ DISP2
0D60 29 TONE DAD HL 0D9D D1 POP DE
0D61 3EC0 MVI A, C0 0D9E E1 POP HL
0D63 C5 SQW PUSH B 0D9F C9 RET
0D64 30 SIM 0DA0 C2490D LOAD3 INZ LOAD2
0D65 0D TP DCR C 0DA3 C34500 JMP CMMND
0D66 C2650D JNZ TP 0DA6 FE12
0D69 EF80 XRI 80 0DA8 C21502
0D6B 47 MOV B, A 0DAB 3AFDFF PRVRG LDA RGPTR
0D6C 2B DCX H 0DAE FE00 CPI 00
0D6D 7C MOV A, H 0DB0 CAF702 JZ RETF
0D6E B5 ORA L 0DB3 3D DCR A
0D6F 78 MOV A, B 0DB4 32FDFF STA RGPTR
0D70 C3640F JMP EXT 0DB7 C3FA02 JMP RETT
0D73 CD170F GETBYTE CALL GETBIT ;OIP DATA IN E 0DBA FE10 CHK CPI INR
0D76 1608 MVI D, 08 0DBC C8 RZ
0D78 CD170F GET0 CALL GETBIT 0DBD FE12 CPI DCR
0D7B 7B MOV A, E 0DBF C2CF01 JNZ SUB15
0D7C 1F RAR 0DC2 C9 RET
0D7D 5F MOV E, A 0DC3 F1 INRDCR POP PSW
0D7E 15 DCR D 0DC4 2AF6FF LHLD CURAD
0D7F C2780D JNZ GET0 0DC7 FE10 CPI INR
0D82 CD170F CALL GETBIT ;STOP BIT BYPASSED 0DC9 C2D00D JNZ DCR
0D85 C9 RET 0DCC 23 INX H
0D86 1D BT1 DCR E 0DCD C3C701 JMP SUB 20
0D87 C2860D JNZ BT1 0DD0 FE12 DCR CPI DCR

91. D-97 D-98
0DD2 C2CF01 JNZ SUB15 0E2B 3E82 CLD0 MVI A, 82
0DD5 2B DCX H 0E2D 0000 OUT 03
0DD6 C3C701 JMP SUB20 0E2F 3EF0 MVI A, F0
0DD9 FE10 VALCH CPI INR 0E31 D302 OUT 02
0DDB CA6702 JZ GTH25 0E33 C30800 JMP CLDBK
0DDE FE12 CPI DCR 0E36 3E82 PR1 MVI A, 82
0DE0 CA6702 JZ GTH25 0E38 D303 OUT 03
0DE3 C3C500 JMP GTH30 0E3A 3EF0 MVI A, F0
0DE6 FE12 PRRG CPI DCR 0E3C D302 OUT 02
0DE8 C21502 JNZ ERR 0E3E C3AD0B JMP VFY0
0DEB CDAB0D CALL PRVRG 0E41 3AA9FF READ1 LDA PrLOAD
0DEE C3C500 JMP 00C5 0E44 FEFF CPI FF
0DF1 0603 3PASS MVI B, 03 0E46 CA4C0E JZ READ2
0DF3 C3F80D JMP BITSPAS 0E49 C3D60B JMP READ
0DF6 0606 0E4C 7E READ2 MOV A, M
0DF8 2AC0FF BITSPAS LHLD BITTIME 0E4D C9 RET
0DFB 2D BP DCR L 0E4E FFFF
0DFC C2FB0D JNZ BP 0E50 3E08 COMPARE MVI A, 08
0DFF 25 DCR H 0E52 30 SIM
0E00 C2FB0D JNZ BP 0E53 3EFF MVI A, FF
0E03 05 DCR B 0E55 32A9FF STA PrLOAD
0E04 C2F80D JNZ BITSPAS 0E5B 217C0E ROLLING LXI H, STRING
0E07 C9 RET ;HL:STRING
0E08 2C 6PASS INR L ADDRESS
0E09 229AFF SHLD HALFBIT 0E5E E5 DISP PUSH HL ;HL:SAVE
0E0C C3F80D JMP BITSPAS ADDRESS
0E0F 21250E SRL1 LXI H, SERIADR 0E5F AF ROLL1 XRA A ;A=0
0E12 AF XRA A ADDRESS
0E13 47 MOV B, A 0E60 47 MOV B, A ;NO DOT
0E14 CDB702 CALL OUTPT 0E61 CDB702 CALL OUTPT
0E17 21290E LXI H, ALADR 0E64 3E01 MVI A, 01 ;USE DATA
0E1A 3E01 MVI A, 01 FIELD
0E1C CDB702 CALL OUTPT 0E66 0600 MVI B, 00 ;NO DOT
0E1F 3E0C MVI A, 0C 0E68 CDB702 CALL OUTPT
0E21 30 SIM 0E6B 11FFFF LXI H, FFFF ;FULL
0E22 C2DA09 JMP SRL2 DELAY
0E25 S 05 0E6E CDF105 CALL DELAY
0E26 E 0E 0E71 7E MOV A, M ;FF IS END OF
0E27 r 14 STRING
0E28 I 13 0E72 FEFF CPI EOS ;GET BACK
0E29 A 0A START
0E2A L 11 0E74 E1 POP H ;ADDRESS
INCREMENT

92. D-99 D-100
0E75 23 INX H ;IF NOT AT EOS
0E76 C25E0E JNZ ROLL1 ;IF NOT AT EOS 0E9B 13 I
0E79 C35B0E JMP ROLLING 0E9C 16 n
0E9D 19 G
THE STRING: 0E9E 15 BLANK
0E7C 15 BLANK 0E9F 17 U
0E7D 15 BLANK 0EA0 12 P
0E7E 15 BLANK 0EA1 FF EOS
0E7F 15 BLANK
0E80 15 BLANK MEMORY LOACTION USED :
0E81 0D d
0E82 1B y 2080 15
0E83 16 n 2081 15
0E84 0A A 2082 X
0E85 11 L 2083 Y
0E86 1C o 2084 CD(GENERATED)
0E87 19 G 2085 AB(GUESSED)
0E88 15 BLANK 2086 0D
0E89 18 h 2087 D0
0E8A 0E E 2088 C0
0E8B 11 L 2089 0C
0E8C 12 P 208A A0
0E8D 05 S 208B B0
0E8E 15 BLANK 208C
0E8F 1B y 208D
0E90 1C o 208E
0E91 17 U 208F CMTR
0E92 15 BLANK 2090 (RANDOM IN BETWEEN)
0E93 13 I
0E94 16 n 0EA2 CD730D PAPEIN CALL GETBYTE ;MEMORY
0E95 15 BLANK BLOCK FROM
0E96 11 L HL
0E97 0E E 0EA5 73 MOV M, E ;COUNT IN BC
0E98 0A A 0EA6 23 INX HL
0E99 14 r 0EA7 0B DCX BC
0E9A 16 n 0EA8 78 MOV A, B

93. D-101 D-102
0EA9 B1 ORA C 0F06 CD6203 CALL MODIAD1 ;DISPLAY
0EAA C3490F JMP TAPEIN START
0EAD FF ADDRESS ON
0EAE 21550D LXI HL, (FnADR) ;GET Fn 0F09 76 HALT ;ADDRESS
0EB1 CD190B CALL PrLOAD FIELD FOR
0EB4 0E05 MVI C, 05 YOUR REF.
0EB6 CD6B0C CALL MESG ;L DISPLAY 0F0A 0603 1.5 SEC MVI B, 03
0EB9 21E803 LXI HL, 1000D 0F0C 11FFFF LOOP0 LXI D, FFFF
0EBC CD410F CALL PERIOD ;NC:1KHz 0F0F CDF105 CALL DELAY ;5 X 3 = 1.5
0EBF DAB90E JC LOAD0 ;LOOP UNTIL SYNC SEC. DELAY
1KHz DOT 0F12 05 DCR B
0EC2 2B DCX HL 0F13 C20C0F JNZ LOOP0
0EC3 7C MOV A, H ;LEADING SYNC 0F16 C9 RET
1000? 0F17 C5 GETBIT PUSH B
0EC4 B5 ORA L 0F18 D5 PUSH D
0EC5 C2BC0E JNZ LOAD1 0F19 E5 PUSH H
0EC8 CD510E CALL PERIOD 0F1A AF XRA A
0ECB D2C80E JNC LOAD2 0FAB 32FFFF STA CARRY TEMP.
0ECE 21BAFF LXI HL, BUFFST 0F1E 210000 LXI H, 0000
0ED1 010600 LXI B, 0006 0F21 CD510F GB0 CALL PERIOD
0ED4 CDA20E CALL TAPEIN ;GET Fn SE SS & CHK 0F24 14 INR D ;NON
0ED7 DAB90E JC LOAD0 DESTRUCTIV
0EDA 3ABAFF LDA (TAPEF n) E TESTING
0EDD F5 PUSH PSW 0F25 15 DCR D
0EDE CD6E03 CALL MODIDT1 ;Fn IS DATA FIELD 0F26 C2400F JNZ TOOMUCH ;D 0 LONG
0EE1 CD0A0F CALL 1.5 SEC ;PASS OUT 2KHz PERIOD
SYNC. 0F29 DA330F JC 2KP
0EE4 F1 POP PSW 0F2C 2D DCR L ;FOR 1KHz
0EE5 47 MOV B, A DECREMENT
0EE6 DA1502 LDA Fn BY 2
0EE9 B8 CMP A, B 0F2D 2D DCR L
0EED CDF50C CALL GETPARA ;FILE NOT FOUND 0F2E 26FF MVI H, FF ;1KHz END OF
0EF0 DA1502 JC ERROR THIS BIT
0EF3 CDA20E CALL TAPEIN 0F30 C3210F JMP GB0
0EF6 DA1502 JC ERROR ;ILLEGAL 0F33 2C INR L
PARAMETER 0F34 7C MOV A, H
0EF9 CD040D CALL CHKSUM1 0F35 FE00 CPI 00 ;H=00 2KHz IS
0EFC 21BFFF LXI H, CHSAVE FIRST
0EFF FE CMP A, M ;COMPARE DATA 0F37 CA210F JZ GB0
SUMWITHTAPE SUM 0F3A 7D MOV A, L
0F00 C21502 JNZ ERROR 0F3B 17 RAL
0F03 2ABDF LHLD SSAVE 0F3C E1 POP H
0F3D D1 POP D ;L=(=/2KHz PERIOD)-2

94. D-103 D-104
0F3E C1 POP B ;(=/ 1KHz PERIOD) 0F68 C9 RET 1KHz = 114
0F3F C9 RET ;L+CARRY=0 0F69 5F NOB MOV C, A
8(2K),2(1K) 0F6A C3350D JMP OUTBIT
0F40 3EFF TOOMUCH MVI A, FF ;L-CARRY=1 0F6D 3E60 BYTER MVI A, 60
4(2K),4(2K) 0F6F D302 OUT 02
0F42 32FFFF STA CARRY TEMP ;ERROR 0F71 60 NOP
WHILE READING 0F72 3E30 MVI A, 30
0F45 E1 POP H 0F74 D302 OUT 02
0F46 D1 POP D 0F76 11FF68 LXI D, 200ms ;PREPARE
0F47 C1 POP B FOR 200ms
0F48 C9 RET PHASE
0E49 C2A20E TAPEINO JNZ TAPEIN ;CARRY = 1 IF 0F79 CDF105 CALL DELAY
ERROR 0F7C 3E60 MVI A, 60
0F4C 32FFFF LDA CARRY TEMP 0 NO ERROR 0F7E D302 OUT 02
0F4F 17 RAL 0F80 0000 NOPs
0F50 C9 RET 0F82 3EF0 MVI A, 60
0F51 110000 PERIOD LXI D, 0000 0F84 D302 OUT 02
0F54 20 RIM ;GET IN SID BIT 0F86 3E00 MVI A, 00
0F55 13 INX D 0F88 32A7FF STA PrSAVE
0F56 17 RAL ;CARRY = BIT 0F8B C3E900 JMP BC0
0F57 DA540F JC PH ;10+7 IF CARRY PASS 0F8F FF
HIGH BIT
0F5A 20 RIM 0F90 TO 0FFF IS UNUSED ROM. IT IS AVAILABLE FOR THE
0F5B 13 INX D USER.
0F5C 17 RAL ;IF NO BIT 0 PASS
LOW BIT 1000 TO 11FF IS USED FOR UPLOADING & DOWNLOADING
0F5D D25A0F JNC OF5A MON SOFTWARE (APPENDIX F)
0F60 7B MOV A, E
0F61 FE55 CMP A, THRSn ;IF E 1200 TO 1FFF IS UNUSED ROM & IS AVAILABLE FOR THE
TRESHOLD 1 KHz USER
0F63 C9 RET ;IF E TRESHOLD 2
KHz
0F64 C1 POP B ;D 0 TOO MUCH
0F65 C2630D JNZ SOW ;LOOP COUNT 2KHz =
57

95. D-105
APPENDIX E
PRODEDURE FOR UPLOADING AND
DOWNLOADING
Uploading Operating Instructions
For Uploading DYNA-85 kit should be in serial mode.
1. Short P13 and P14 for serial mode.
2. Connect serial cable between the serial port of PC and serial
connector J6 of DYNA-85 kit.
3. Run tange on PC.
4. Press F9 and wordsize 7 bit.
5. Press reser of DYNA-85. Then press space key of terminal
keyboard. Message MICROFRIEND-1 and “.” Prompt is
displayed in the screen.
Note : If wordsize is 8 message displayed is “CaSRhj4RQ4YV”
and “.” Prompt. Just Ignore this message and do the following
for uploading.
6. For Uploading (from kit to PC)
a. Type G1100 (ENTER)
b. Specify SS (source start) on prompt “SOURCE START”.
c. Press Enter.
d. Specify SE (source end) on prompt “SOURCE END”.
e. Press F9.
f. Press L to capture file.
g. After specifying the file name press enter.
h. Message “Capturing file” is displayed at the top of the
screen.

96. D-106 D-107
i. Press enter. 6. For Downloading (from PC to kit)
Data to be transmitted to the file is displayed on the a. Type G1000.
screen while transmitting . b. Press Enter.
c. Specify SS on prompt “source start” and press enter.
After complete data tranmission “.” Prompt appears on
d. Press F9.
the screen.
e. Press m to transmit file.
j. Press F9. f. Enter file name.
k. Press L to end capture. Then on prompt “Verify (y/n) g. Press Enter.
press “y” key and then enter. h. Press F9.
i. After transmitting a file fully,”.” Prompt is displayed in the
Uploading ends here. screen .
Downloading Operating Instructions Downloading ends here.
For Downloading DYNA-85 kit should be in serial mode.
1. Short P13 and P14 for serial mode.
2. Connect serial cable between the serial port of PC and serial
connector J6 of DYNA-85 kit.
3. Run tango on PC.
4. Press F9 and set wordsize 7 bit.
5. Press reset of. DYNA-85. Then press space key of terminal
keyboard.Message MICROFRIEND-1 and “.” Pronpt is displayed
on the screen.
Note : If wordsize is 8 message displayed is “CaSRhj4RQ4YV”
and “.” prompt. Just ignore this message and do the following for
downloading.