Introduction on Dissolution,
Important of dissolution studies,
korsmeyer peppas plot for tablet dissolution,
Presented by
RAMY SALIHEEN
Department of Pharmaceutics
Introduction on Dissolution,
Important of dissolution studies,
korsmeyer peppas plot for tablet dissolution,
Presented by
RAMY SALIHEEN
Department of Pharmaceutics
It includes Introductory part about what is Dissolution...then Mechanism of Dissolution is elaborated...Theories of Dissolution also given..It also includes Factors affecting Dissolution profile..Along with References given below for easily searching..
DISSOLUTION
Dissolution is a process in which solid substance solubilizes in a given solvent
DISSOLUTION TESTING
A dissolution test uses an apparatus with specific test conditions in combination with acceptance criteria to evaluate the performance of the product. In-vitro test must predict the in-vivo behaviour
Factors in design of dissolution tests:
Factors relating to dissolution apparatus
Factors relation to dissolution fluid
Process parameters
Need of Dissolution Testing:
Development and optimisation of dosage forms
Batch to batch drug release uniformity
Quality, safety, efficacy and stability of the product
IVIV Correlation
Bioequivalence
Assessing pre and post approval changes
DISSOLUTION APPARATUS
Dissolution apparatus evolved to prepare a sample under controlled conditions thereby making the test repeatable.
Principle types of dissolution apparatus-
Close-compartment apparatus
Open-compartment apparatus
Dialysis systems
Ideal features of Dissolution Apparatus:
The fabrication, dimensions, and positioning of all components must be precisely specified and reproducible
Simple in design, easy to operate and useable
Sensitive
Nearly perfect sink conditions
Provide an easy means of introducing the dosage form into the dissolution medium
Provide minimum mechanical abrasion
Easy withdrawal of samples
Elimination of evaporation of solvent medium
DISSOLUTION METHODS
The Standard Dissolution Methods Database has been prepared by the Division of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs (OGD), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Official methods:
Rotating Basket
Rotating Paddle
Reciprocating Cylinder
Flow-Through Cell
Paddle Over Disc
Rotating Cylinder
Reciprocating Disc
Non-official methods:
Static Disc Method
Beaker Method
Flask Stirrer Method
Peristalsis Method
Rotating Bottle Method
Dialysis Method
Diffusion Cell Method
Dissolution Apparatus Types and their Applications
Problems associated with dissolution apparatus
USP Performance Verification Test (PVT):
The USP Performance Verification Test (PVT) assesses the suitable performance of apparatus used in dissolution testing.
Responsible for detecting problems associated with the dissolution apparatus that are found to be within mechanical tolerances.
REFERENCES
Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS)Ravish Yadav
gastro retentive drug delivery system topic include
1. introduction
2.advantages
3.technology
4.evaluation
5.disadvantages
6. matrix tablet
and other relative information regarding the topic
A brief description of human skin structures and barriers. Its include elaborate description of skin structure and basics of skin barriers which prevent or control the trans dermal drug delivery.
It includes Introductory part about what is Dissolution...then Mechanism of Dissolution is elaborated...Theories of Dissolution also given..It also includes Factors affecting Dissolution profile..Along with References given below for easily searching..
DISSOLUTION
Dissolution is a process in which solid substance solubilizes in a given solvent
DISSOLUTION TESTING
A dissolution test uses an apparatus with specific test conditions in combination with acceptance criteria to evaluate the performance of the product. In-vitro test must predict the in-vivo behaviour
Factors in design of dissolution tests:
Factors relating to dissolution apparatus
Factors relation to dissolution fluid
Process parameters
Need of Dissolution Testing:
Development and optimisation of dosage forms
Batch to batch drug release uniformity
Quality, safety, efficacy and stability of the product
IVIV Correlation
Bioequivalence
Assessing pre and post approval changes
DISSOLUTION APPARATUS
Dissolution apparatus evolved to prepare a sample under controlled conditions thereby making the test repeatable.
Principle types of dissolution apparatus-
Close-compartment apparatus
Open-compartment apparatus
Dialysis systems
Ideal features of Dissolution Apparatus:
The fabrication, dimensions, and positioning of all components must be precisely specified and reproducible
Simple in design, easy to operate and useable
Sensitive
Nearly perfect sink conditions
Provide an easy means of introducing the dosage form into the dissolution medium
Provide minimum mechanical abrasion
Easy withdrawal of samples
Elimination of evaporation of solvent medium
DISSOLUTION METHODS
The Standard Dissolution Methods Database has been prepared by the Division of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs (OGD), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Official methods:
Rotating Basket
Rotating Paddle
Reciprocating Cylinder
Flow-Through Cell
Paddle Over Disc
Rotating Cylinder
Reciprocating Disc
Non-official methods:
Static Disc Method
Beaker Method
Flask Stirrer Method
Peristalsis Method
Rotating Bottle Method
Dialysis Method
Diffusion Cell Method
Dissolution Apparatus Types and their Applications
Problems associated with dissolution apparatus
USP Performance Verification Test (PVT):
The USP Performance Verification Test (PVT) assesses the suitable performance of apparatus used in dissolution testing.
Responsible for detecting problems associated with the dissolution apparatus that are found to be within mechanical tolerances.
REFERENCES
Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS)Ravish Yadav
gastro retentive drug delivery system topic include
1. introduction
2.advantages
3.technology
4.evaluation
5.disadvantages
6. matrix tablet
and other relative information regarding the topic
A brief description of human skin structures and barriers. Its include elaborate description of skin structure and basics of skin barriers which prevent or control the trans dermal drug delivery.
Transdermal Drug Delivery System SG.pptxSneha Gaurkar
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), are dosage forms designed to deliver a
therapeutically effective amount of drug across a patient’s skin.
It delivers a drug through intact skin at a controlled rate into the systemic circulation.
Delivery rate is controlled by the skin or membrane in the delivery system.
Although transdermal drug administration has made a significant contribution to medical practise, it has yet to realise its full potential as an alternative to oral drug delivery and hypodermic injections. The patch can essentially provide a controlled release of the medication into the patient, usually through either a porous membrane covering a reservoir of medication or through body heat melting thin layers of medication embedded in the adhesive, which is an advantage of transdermal drug delivery over other types of delivery systems such as oral, topical, intravenous, intramuscular, and so on. The clinical usage of first generation transdermal delivery systems for the delivery of tiny, lipophilic, low dose medicines has increased steadily. Chemical enhancers, non cavitational ultrasound, and iontophoresis have all been used in second generation delivery methods. Akshay Kaware | Prof. Santosh Waghmare | Dr. Hemant Kamble "Transdermal Drug Delivery System: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49639.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/49639/transdermal-drug-delivery-system-a-review/akshay-kaware
Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is the one of the novel technology to deliver the molecules through the skin for long period of time.
Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) are defined as self contained, discrete dosage forms which are also known as “patches” 2, 3 when patches are applied to the intact skin, deliver the drug through the skin at a controlled rate to the systemic circulation
Transdermal drug delivery system-1-1.pptxBhavanaNalge
Seminar on transdermal drug delivery system was delivered in NDDS lecture.Points such as introduction, permeation through skin,factors affecting, permeation enhancers,basic components, approaches of TDDS were covered.It was a wonderful experience.In introduction basic anatomy and physiology of skin, definition of Transdermal drug delivery system, advantages and disadvantages mechanism of Transdermal patch,Routes of skin permeation,ficks law was covered.Approaches was also taken in detail.factors was explained, components of Transdermal drug delivery was made clear point wise.
Transdermal drug delivary system complete information is given in shot it is also called has TDDS . the delivary of an drug through the skin layers into systemic circulation is known as transdermal drug delivary by this type of administration can bypass the first pass metabolism and can overcome many side effects compared to the other method of administration this enables the ease of administration and used for to prolong the action of drug and it also improves the patient compliance ,there is no need on an medical practioner for the administration of drug
Overview of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systemijtsrd
Transdermal drug delivery systems are topically administered medicaments. Transdermal drug transport structures TDDS are the dosage shape of adhesive patch this is positioned on the skin to deliver specific dose of medication through the skin and in to the blood stream. The main objective of transdermal drug delivery system is to deliver drug into systemic circulation through skin at predetermined rate with minimal inter and intrapatients variation. This article gives a brief overview over principles behind transdermal drug delivery, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of transdermal therapeutic system and the recent innovations in the field of transdermal drug delivery and also describe the methods of preparation of different types of transdermal patches, evaluation parameters and some available marketed products. Sayali Dhepe | Manisha Sukre | Vikram Veer "Overview of Transdermal Drug Delivery System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50107.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/50107/overview-of-transdermal-drug-delivery-system/sayali-dhepe
Transdermal therapeutic system are defined as self contained, discrete dosage form which when applied to intact skin deliver the drug through the intact skin at a control rate to the systemic circulation and maintain the drug concentration within the therapeutic window for prolonged period of time. Recently, the use of transdermal drug delivery system for pharmaceuticals is limited because only a few drugs has proven to be effectively delivered through skin. in order to achieve the objective of systemic medication through topical application to the intact skin surface. They were exemplifies first with the development of to the intact skin surface. Transdermal uses a special membrane to control the release rate at which the liquid drug contained drug delivery system reservoir can pass through the skin and it not the blood stream. Transdermal delivery not only provide controlled, constant administration of the drug, but also allows continuous input of drugs with short biological half lives, and eliminates pulsed delivery into systemic circulation which is responsible for undesirable side effect
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
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Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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