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Harbal drugs
This document provides information on 48 herbal drugs including their botanical name, parts used, chemical constituents and uses. Some key herbal drugs discussed include Aloe vera and rhubarb which have laxative properties, ginger and black pepper which are used as carminatives and flavouring agents, and cannabis, belladonna and aconite which have effects on the central nervous system. The document also covers herbal drugs used for conditions like hypertension, malaria, tumours, and leprosy.
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Harbal drugs
- 1. Gyandeep Academy Arun Patidar(M.Pharm.) Contact:+919826672215, +919644067667 Opp. Pushpshree hospital Nemawar road Navlakha, Indore arunpatidar21@gmail.com Pharmacognosy (103): Herbal Drugs S. No Name of Drug Part used Biological Source Family Chemical Constituents Uses 1. Aloe vera juice Aloe barbadensis Liliaceae Anthraquinone glycosides-aloin,aloe emodin, aloe resin cathartic and laxative properties. It is hence useful as a cathartic in case of constipation, cosmetics. 2. Rhubarb rhizomes Rheum emodi, Rheum rhabarbarum Polygonaceae glycosides— rhein, glucorhein, and emodin, tannin, catechin cathartic and laxative properties. It is hence useful as a cathartic in case of constipation 3. Ispaghula seeds Plantago ovata Plantaginacea e Pentasan, albidonic acid, fixed oil and proteins laxative, in dysentery 4. Senna Leaves Cassia angustifolia Leguminoseae Sennosides A,B,C,D laxative. 5. Cardiotonics- Digitalis Leaves Digitalis purpurea, Lanata Scrophulariac eae Digitoxin,Gitoxin,Digit oxigenin, Gitoxigenin Cardiotonics (in CHF), Diuretic 6. Arjuna Bark Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae Tannins (Pyrocatechol), Arjunetin,Arjunolic Acid Cardiotonics ,analgesic and anti- inflammatory properties, Diuretic, Astringent 7. Cardamom Fruits Elettaria cardamomum) Zingiberaceae Volatile oil- Cineol, terpinyl acetate Carminative, Flavouring Agent 8. Ginger rhizomes Zingiber officinale Zingiberaceae Volatile oil- Bisabolene, Zingib erene, Zingiberal Carminative, Flavouring Agent, Condiment, Stimulant 9. Black pepper Fruits Piper nigrum Piperaceae Volatile oil, terpenes Alkaloids - piperine, Peperettine, Resin Carminative, Flavouring Agent, Condiment, Stimulant 10. Asafoetida Oleo-gum resin from roots and rhizomes Ferula Foetida Umbelliferae Volatile oil- isobutyl proanyl disulphide, rasin- ferulate, ferulic acid Carminative, expectorents,antispasmodic, Laxative 11. Nutmeg Fruits Myristica fragrans Myristicaceae Fixed oil, volatile oil- myristicin,eugenol,isoe ugenol,Protein, starch Carminative, Flavouring Agent, digestive
- 2. Gyandeep Academy Arun Patidar(M.Pharm.) Contact:+919826672215, +919644067667 Opp. Pushpshree hospital Nemawar road Navlakha, Indore arunpatidar21@gmail.com 12. Clove flower bud s Eugenia caryophyllus Myrtaceae Volatile oil- Eugenol, Gallotannic acid, methylamyl ketone carminative, naturalanthelmintic, spice, antiseptic, dental analgesic, flavouring agent. 13. Astringents– Catechu Dried extract Acacia catechu Leguminoseae Tannins- Catechins, catechu tannic acid Quercetin As an astringent it has been used since ancient times in Ayurvedic medicine as well as in breath-freshening spice mixtures—such as ready-made paan masala and gutka, Dyeing and tanning industry 14. Drugs acting on CNS - Cannabis Dried flowering tops Cannabis sativa Cannabis indica Cannabis ruderalis Cannabinacea e Resin- tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol, cannabidiol Sedative, hypnotics,analgesics, psychotropic effect. 15. Belladonna Dried Leaves Atropa Balladonna Solanaceae Alkaloids – Hyoscyamine,Atropine Anticholinergic effect – mydratic, antispasmodic 16. Aconite Dried tuberous root Aconitum napellus Renunculacea e Alkaloids- Aconitine, hypoconitine, neopelline Aconitic acid, starch Lowering of body temp., diuretic, relief of neuralgia 17. Ashwagandha Dried roots Withania somnifera Solanaceae Alkaloids- withasomnine, withanine, anaferine Steroids- withaferin A Sedative, tonic and aphrodisiac 18. Ephedra Dried aerial parts Ephedra Sinica Ephedra equisetina Gnctaceae Alkaloids- Ehpedrine, pseudoephedrine, nor –ephedrine Sympathomimetic drug, bronchodilator, CNS stimulant,Cardiac stimulant, vasoconstrictore. 19. Opium Dried Latex of unripe fruits Papaver somniferum Papaverceae Alkaloids-morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, noscapine Analgesic, preanaesthetic medication,cough suppressants, sedative 20. Nux vomica. Dried ripe seeds Strychnos nux vomica Loagniaceae Alkaloids-strychnine, brucine Loganin (glycoside) Stimulant and bitter tonic, rodenticide. 21. Antihypertens ives- Rauwolfia. Dried roots and rhizomes Rauwolfia serpentine Apocynanceae Alkaloids- Reserpine, ajmaline, ajmalicine, serpentia, serpentinine Antihypertensive, tranquisising agent, ajmaline used in angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias.
- 3. Gyandeep Academy Arun Patidar(M.Pharm.) Contact:+919826672215, +919644067667 Opp. Pushpshree hospital Nemawar road Navlakha, Indore arunpatidar21@gmail.com 22. Antitussives- Vasaka Fresh or dried leaves Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae Alkaloids- vasicin, vasicinone Expectorants, bronchodialator,oxytocic, antitubercular 23. Tolu balsam Semisolid mass from trunk of Myroxylon balsamum Leguminoseae Resin, benzoic zcid Antiseptic, expectorants, flavouring agent 24. Tulsi Leaves Ocimum sanctum Labiatae Volatile oil- eugenol, methyl eugenol, carvacrol,caryophylin Antiseptic, expectorants, flavouring agent, carminative, antifertility agent, insecticides 25. Antirheumati cs-Guggul Gum Commiphora mukul Burseraceae Guggulosterone, gum resin, volatile oil Antirheumatic,used in dental,urinary, skine disease, antitubercular, used in marasmus 26. Antitumour- Vinca Dried entire Catharanthus rosens Apocynaceae Alkaloids- vincristine, vinblastine, ajamaline, serpentine In leukemia, hodgkins disease, choriocarcinoma 27. Antileprotics- Chaulmoogra Oil Oil of seeds Hydnocourpus wighiana Flacourtiacea e Fatty acid-hydnocarpic acid,chaulmoogric acid, gorlic acid,oleic acid, palmitic acid In leprosy and tuberculosis 28. Diuretics– Gokhru Dried ripe fruits Triulus terrestris Zygophyllacea e Saponins- diosgenin, gitogenin Diuretic 29. Punarrnava Whole plant Boerhaavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae Alkaloids- punarnavine Diuretic, anti-inflammatory 30. Antidysentrics -Ipecacuanha Dried root/ rhizome Cephalis ipecacunha Rubiaceae Alkaloids- emetine, cephaline Expectorant, emetic, antiamoebic 31. Antiseptics and disinfectants Benzoin Resin Styrax benzoin Styracaceae Cinnamic acid, benzoic acid Expectorant, antiseptic, diuretic 32. Nim Dried bark Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Alkaloids- margosine, tannic acid Astringent, antiseptic, disinfectant 33. curcuma Dried rhizomes Curcuma longa Zingiberaceae Curcumin, volatile oil, resin Anti-inflammatory, condiment and colouring agent 34. Antimalarials –Cinchona Dried bark Cinchona officianalis Rubiaceae Alkaloids- quinine, quinidine, cinchonine Antimalarials, antiarrhythmic 35. Oxytocics- Dried Claviceps purpurea Clavicipitacea ergometrine, Oxytocic, in migraine
- 4. Gyandeep Academy Arun Patidar(M.Pharm.) Contact:+919826672215, +919644067667 Opp. Pushpshree hospital Nemawar road Navlakha, Indore arunpatidar21@gmail.com Ergot sclerotium of fungus e ergometrinine, ergotmine 36. Vitamines- Shark liver Oil Fixed oil- liver Hypoprion brevirostris Carcharhinida e Vit. A Treatment of xerophthalmia, Source of vit. A, tonic 37. Amla Fruits Emblica officinalis Euphorbiacea e Vit. C Treatment of scurvy, diabetes, antibacterial, antiviral 38. Enzymes- Papaya Latex of unripe fruits Carica papaya Caricaceae Papain- Digestive enzymes digestant 39. Peppermint oil( menthal) Volatile oil Mentha piperata Labiatae Volatile oil- menthol Carminative , stimulant, perfuming agent 40. Acacia Dried gum Acacia Senegal Fabaceae Arabin, D-galactose Binding, suspending, emulsifying agent 41. Tragacanth Gum Astragalus gummifer Leguminoseae Tragacanthin, bassorin Demulcent, amolient, Binding, suspending agent 42. Miscellaneous –Liquorice Roots/ stolon Glycyrrhiza glabra Leguminoseae Glycyrrhizic acid, glycerhizinic acid Demulcent, expectorant, sweetening agent, anti-inflammatory agent 43. Garlic Ripe bulbs Alium sativum Liliaceae Allin, allicin Flavouring agent, antihypertensive 44. Picrorhiza Dried roots/ rhizomes Picrohiza kurro Scrophulariac eae Picroside I, Picroside II, kutkoside Bitter tonic, stomachic, treatment of jaundice, laxative 45. Dioscorea Tubers Dioscorea deltoidea Discoreaceaea Diosein, diosgenin Synthesis of steroidal drugs 46. Satavari Dried roots Asparangus racemosus Liliacaeae Saponins- shatavarin I,II,III and IV Diuretic, antioxytocic 47. cotton Hairs of seeds Gossypium hirsutum Malvaceae Cellulose Surgical, filter medium etc 48. Silk Fibre bombyx mori Bombycidae Protein- fibroin Surgical, filter medium etc