The document describes an eye blink monitoring system to prevent accidents due to driver drowsiness. The system uses an infrared sensor to continuously monitor the driver's eye blink rate. If abnormal blinking is detected, such as during drowsiness, an alarm will sound to alert the driver. The system aims to make driving safer by warning drivers before they fall asleep at the wheel.
This document presents a smart door system that uses a passive infrared (PIR) sensor to automatically open and close doors based on detecting nearby movement. The system includes an ATmega328 microcontroller, PIR sensor, relay driver IC, voltage regulator, LCD display, and other components. When the PIR sensor detects a person within its range, it sends a signal to the microcontroller to open the door. The door then automatically closes after a set time delay if no further movement is detected. The smart door system aims to provide convenience for disabled individuals and reduce contact with doors in places like hospitals.
ELECTRONICS PROJECT REPORT OF HOME AUTOMATION CUM BUILDING SECUIRITYEldhose George
This document summarizes a home security and automation system that uses an intruder detection system and cameras for security, and controls lights, garden watering, and a water pump for automation. The security section uses IR sensors and cameras to detect intruders and monitor areas. The automation section controls lights, garden watering using a solenoid valve, and a water pump for an overhead tank. The system is controlled by a microcontroller and includes circuits for sensors, cameras, relays, and a power supply.
This document describes an automatic room light controller project using IR sensors that was completed by students at SITAMARHI Institute of Technology. The system uses IR sensors to detect movement and an Arduino board to control relays that turn lights on and off. It increments a counter when movement is detected to enter the room, and decrements when movement is detected to exit. The counter value is displayed on an LCD to show the number of people in the room. When the count reaches zero, the lights are automatically turned off to save energy.
The document discusses an embedded system project that uses infrared sensors to detect obstacles and avoid collisions. The system includes IR sensors connected to a microcontroller that processes the sensor inputs. When an obstacle is detected, the microcontroller activates a buzzer or moves DC motors to maneuver around the obstacle. The system has potential applications in automobiles to help reduce accidents by detecting obstacles and notifying the driver. However, infrared sensors require a direct line of sight, so ultrasonic sensors could improve obstacle detection capabilities.
This document describes an anti-theft alarm system project using an 8051 microcontroller. It includes an introduction, circuit diagram, block diagram, component descriptions, advantages and applications. The system uses an IR transmitter and receiver, along with an 8051 microcontroller, LCD display, buzzer and power supply. It provides security for vehicles and homes in a simple, easy to understand design requiring continuous power. Future improvements could include sending data remotely, adding additional sensors and a voice alarm module.
Report on Embedded Based Home security systemNIT srinagar
This document describes an embedded home security system that uses various sensors and components. The system uses an AT89S52 microcontroller along with an IR sensor, LCD display, GSM module, LEDs and other components. The IR sensor detects intruders and the GSM module sends alerts. It provides automated security monitoring and user authentication to prevent break-ins. The system is designed to be effective, practical and reasonably priced for home security.
Synopsis for alcohol detection with vehicle controlling (1)Pankaj Singh
This document provides a project synopsis for an alcohol detection system through an automatic motor locking system. It includes an introduction describing the purpose to prevent drunk driving accidents, a block diagram of the system components, circuit diagram, working operation description, list of components, cost estimate, advantages, applications, related past work, and PCB layout. It also provides the C programming code to initialize an LCD display and implement the alcohol detection and motor locking functionality.
This document presents a smart door system that uses a passive infrared (PIR) sensor to automatically open and close doors based on detecting nearby movement. The system includes an ATmega328 microcontroller, PIR sensor, relay driver IC, voltage regulator, LCD display, and other components. When the PIR sensor detects a person within its range, it sends a signal to the microcontroller to open the door. The door then automatically closes after a set time delay if no further movement is detected. The smart door system aims to provide convenience for disabled individuals and reduce contact with doors in places like hospitals.
ELECTRONICS PROJECT REPORT OF HOME AUTOMATION CUM BUILDING SECUIRITYEldhose George
This document summarizes a home security and automation system that uses an intruder detection system and cameras for security, and controls lights, garden watering, and a water pump for automation. The security section uses IR sensors and cameras to detect intruders and monitor areas. The automation section controls lights, garden watering using a solenoid valve, and a water pump for an overhead tank. The system is controlled by a microcontroller and includes circuits for sensors, cameras, relays, and a power supply.
This document describes an automatic room light controller project using IR sensors that was completed by students at SITAMARHI Institute of Technology. The system uses IR sensors to detect movement and an Arduino board to control relays that turn lights on and off. It increments a counter when movement is detected to enter the room, and decrements when movement is detected to exit. The counter value is displayed on an LCD to show the number of people in the room. When the count reaches zero, the lights are automatically turned off to save energy.
The document discusses an embedded system project that uses infrared sensors to detect obstacles and avoid collisions. The system includes IR sensors connected to a microcontroller that processes the sensor inputs. When an obstacle is detected, the microcontroller activates a buzzer or moves DC motors to maneuver around the obstacle. The system has potential applications in automobiles to help reduce accidents by detecting obstacles and notifying the driver. However, infrared sensors require a direct line of sight, so ultrasonic sensors could improve obstacle detection capabilities.
This document describes an anti-theft alarm system project using an 8051 microcontroller. It includes an introduction, circuit diagram, block diagram, component descriptions, advantages and applications. The system uses an IR transmitter and receiver, along with an 8051 microcontroller, LCD display, buzzer and power supply. It provides security for vehicles and homes in a simple, easy to understand design requiring continuous power. Future improvements could include sending data remotely, adding additional sensors and a voice alarm module.
Report on Embedded Based Home security systemNIT srinagar
This document describes an embedded home security system that uses various sensors and components. The system uses an AT89S52 microcontroller along with an IR sensor, LCD display, GSM module, LEDs and other components. The IR sensor detects intruders and the GSM module sends alerts. It provides automated security monitoring and user authentication to prevent break-ins. The system is designed to be effective, practical and reasonably priced for home security.
Synopsis for alcohol detection with vehicle controlling (1)Pankaj Singh
This document provides a project synopsis for an alcohol detection system through an automatic motor locking system. It includes an introduction describing the purpose to prevent drunk driving accidents, a block diagram of the system components, circuit diagram, working operation description, list of components, cost estimate, advantages, applications, related past work, and PCB layout. It also provides the C programming code to initialize an LCD display and implement the alcohol detection and motor locking functionality.
This document describes an automatic intelligence based car that uses various sensors and components to operate autonomously. It discusses how 10 million autonomous vehicles will be on roads by 2020 and how they can reduce crashes by 90%. The key components of the AI car include LIDAR for mapping surroundings, temperature/smoke sensors, eye blink sensors to detect driver drowsiness, and an Arduino board to control components. It provides details on how each component works and diagrams of the system architecture and block diagram. The advantages of the system are lower costs and increased safety and security.
This document provides an overview of an embedded systems project to create a collision avoidance robot. It discusses the components of the robot including sensors to detect obstacles, a microcontroller to process sensor signals and control movement, and a motor to move the robot forward and backward. The document also describes the software used to program the microcontroller and provides sample code to control the robot's movement based on sensor readings.
This presentation provides an overview of embedded systems and describes a collision avoidance robot project. It discusses embedded systems concepts like microcontrollers and examples. It then describes the key components of the collision avoidance robot project including infrared sensors to detect obstacles, an 8051 microcontroller as the control unit, a DC motor as the actuator, and coding in assembly language to control the robot's movement and avoid collisions. The robot is able to move forward and backward, as well as turn, based on signals from its front and rear sensors to navigate around detected obstacles.
Microcontroller Based Obstacle Detection Device Using Voice Signal for the V...IJMER
This paper aims in helping the visually impaired people through an electronic aid, which
senses any obstacle in the path and alarms the user of the obstacle. The device uses a simple principle of
transmitting an ultrasonic signal in the path generated by a wave generator. The signal gets reflected by
the obstacle (if any) in the path. The reflected signal is sensed by a sensor and produces a sound signal in
the form of voice. This voice signal directs the visually impaired person to identify the obstacles in front
of them
major project vehicle accident prevention.pdfArpitaVajpayee
This system uses an eye blink sensor to detect driver drowsiness and prevent vehicle accidents. The sensor is mounted in glasses and detects eye blinks. If the sensor detects a blink longer than 1 second, indicating microsleep, the system will trigger an alarm and stop the vehicle by engaging a relay module to cut power to the wheels. The goal is to alert drowsy drivers and stop the vehicle to prevent accidents caused by driver fatigue.
This document presents a smart door system that uses a passive infrared (PIR) sensor to automatically open and close doors. The system includes a microcontroller, PIR sensor, relay driver, voltage regulator, relay, and other components. When a person is detected near the door by the PIR sensor, the microcontroller signals the relay driver to open the door. The door automatically closes after a set time delay if no further movement is detected. Automatic doors provide benefits for disabled individuals and help improve safety and efficiency in places like hospitals, warehouses, and commercial buildings.
Automatic room light controller using microcontroller and visitor countereSAT Journals
Abstract The Project ‘Automatic Room Light Controller Using microcontroller ATMEGA16A and bidirectional visitor counter’ controls a room light as well as count the number of individuals entering and leaving a room. When an individual enters into a room then one counter is incremented by one and one light in a room will be switched ON and when the individuals leaves a room then the counter is decremented by one. When the number of individuals in a room is greater than 5 then 2 lights will be switched ON. When the individuals in a room are more than 10 then 3 lights will be switched ON. Similarly on increase of every 5 individuals one more light will switched ON. Lights will turn OFF when all the individuals go out of a room. The total number of individuals present inside a room is also displayed on the LCD display. IR sensors and microcontroller does above job. IR sensors sense the obstruction and microcontroller receives the signals produced by the obstruction from the sensors. The received signal is operated via program stored in ROM of Microcontroller.. Keywords: Microcontroller ATMEGA16A, IR Sensors, LCD, Counters
Today, one of the biggest problems Vehicle drivers in India are facing during night is the temporary loss of vision due to the Upper beam (high beam) coming from the Vehicle in the opposite direction. Moreover, the victims of this problem are mostly the students who are the backbone of their families. We have decided to undertake this project especially because this problem has become more dominant in recent years. Over five lakh accidents take place in the country annually, out of which, 41% (Approx. 2 Lakh) are due to road mishaps during night, and 18% (Approx. 90,000) are due to the vehicle headlight glare.
This project is targeted to facilitate such buyers so that they also can follow the protocol of Road Safety. Currently there is no provision for switching the headlight beam of the vehicle, automatically in mid-range vehicles.Operated by the Synergy of a Microcontroller and a Sensor, this device is capable of automatically shifting the Upper beam of the vehicle coming from the opposite direction, to the dipper beam, thus eradicating the problem of vision loss and avoiding accidents due to it. This project addresses the solution to the problems stated above by controlling the brightness of headlights using vehicle speed. The Other objective of this project is to develop a system to keep the vehicle secure and protect it by the occupation of the intruders. This technology even better in the future.
The document describes the design of an automatic braking system for vehicles using infrared sensors. The system works by emitting infrared waves from the front of the vehicle and detecting reflections from any obstacles. Based on the distance measured, a relay activates a DC gear motor that controls the vehicle's brakes. The objectives are to avoid accidents by braking automatically when the driver cannot respond in time. Key components are IR sensors for detection, a relay for signal processing, and a DC gear motor connected to the wheels for braking. The system was tested successfully by braking when obstacles were sensed at various distances.
Embedded System for begners and good for seminarSwaraj Nayak
This document provides an overview of embedded systems including:
1. Embedded systems combine both hardware and software to synchronize their functions.
2. A basic embedded system includes sensors to collect input data, a control unit like a microcontroller to process the data, an actuator to trigger a physical response, and software code to run the system.
3. Embedded systems have many applications like in mobile phones, robots, vehicles and more due to advantages like faster performance, reduced human labor, and easier use.
Under Graduation Final Year Project - Design of Steering wheel with anti-fati...Hariharan L
Road users have long been known to fall asleep whilst driving. Driving long hours can induce fatigue causing lack of concentration and occasionally road accidents. Up to 20% of fatal crashes may be linked to driver fatigue. Our model presented a low-cost and simple distributed force sensor that is particularly suitable for measuring grip force and hand position on a steering wheel. The sensor can be used in automotive active safety systems that aim at detecting driver’s fatigue, which is a major issue to prevent road accidents. The key point of our approach is to design a prototype of sensor units, so that it can serve as platform for integrating different kinds of sensors into the steering wheel.
ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND SECURITY SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILESAdrija Chowdhury
This presentation is simply based on final year embedded systems based project entitled "ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND SECURITY SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILES". This project represents an automobile which has a security system of its own to prevent and detect accidents using GPS Module, GSM module and Alcohol sensor as well.
This presentation provides an overview of embedded systems and describes a collision avoidance robot project. It introduces embedded systems and gives examples. It then describes the key components of embedded systems like processors and memory. It discusses the software used for the project. It introduces the collision avoidance robot project, describing its sensors, control unit, actuators and working. It provides code snippets to show how the robot's movement is controlled based on sensor input to avoid collisions.
Density based traffic light controlling (2)hardik1240
The document discusses the aims and scope of a project to build a traffic control system based on density. It uses IR sensor pairs placed at intervals to automatically detect traffic density and give priority to heavier traffic. The system aims to solve the problem of wasted time at intersections when traffic density is uneven between sides. It will control traffic lights based on real-time density calculations from the sensor data.
Servos are DC motors with built-in gearing and feedback control that can be positioned by pulsed signals to the control wire. They operate from 4.8-6V and have power, ground, and signal wires. The pulse width controls the position, with 1.5ms at the center and shorter or longer pulses to either side. Microcontrollers are integrated circuits that contain a CPU, memory, and I/O to control an embedded system with a dedicated function through simple, repeating instructions stored in ROM.
This document provides details on designing an RFID reader based attendance system using a microcontroller. It includes the objectives, components, pin layout, block diagram and description of the project. The key components are an RFID reader, microcontroller, LCD, switches and 24C02 flash memory. The microcontroller interfaces with the RFID reader and LCD to read RFID tags and display attendance records on the LCD. It also includes explanations of microcontrollers, the 8051 microcontroller architecture, and provides an example of using a microcontroller to automatically turn a light on and off every 30 seconds.
Street light controlling using Microcontroller9989476539
This document describes a street light system that glows upon detecting vehicle movement. It uses a microcontroller, light sensors, and a driver IC to control street lights. When a vehicle is detected by the light sensors, the microcontroller turns on lights ahead of the vehicle. As the vehicle passes, the trailing lights are turned off to save energy. The system provides energy savings by only illuminating the necessary lights.
This document describes a smart street lighting system using IoT technology. The system uses PIR sensors and light dependent resistors connected to an Arduino board to automatically control street lights. When it gets dark, the lights turn on, and when motion is detected by the PIR sensors, the lights switch to a brighter mode. This saves energy by only using full brightness when needed. The system can be monitored over the internet using IoT to check light status remotely and troubleshoot any issues. Implementing this smart street lighting system could reduce energy costs for cities while still providing adequate lighting levels on roads.
This document proposes a system to quickly locate road accident sites using wireless technology to reduce accident fatalities in India. The system uses vibration sensors in vehicles to detect accidents and transmit IR signals to roadside receivers connected to signposts to pinpoint the location. This location data is sent wirelessly to a control room where the accident site is displayed. The goal is to reduce response times and increase survival rates of accident victims.
Drowsiness Detected For Vehicle Using Smart Glass With Eye Blink SensorIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a system to detect driver drowsiness using an eye blink sensor integrated into smart glasses. The sensor uses IR radiation to detect if the eye is open or closed, and sends a signal to an Arduino board if drowsiness is detected.
2. If drowsiness is detected, the Arduino activates a buzzer alarm for 3 seconds to wake the driver. If the driver does not wake, the Arduino cuts power to the vehicle's motor using an RF signal and relay.
3. The system is intended to help prevent accidents caused by drowsy driving, which accounts for a significant percentage of car crashes each year. Future versions could integrate additional sensors for improved accuracy.
This document describes an automatic intelligence based car that uses various sensors and components to operate autonomously. It discusses how 10 million autonomous vehicles will be on roads by 2020 and how they can reduce crashes by 90%. The key components of the AI car include LIDAR for mapping surroundings, temperature/smoke sensors, eye blink sensors to detect driver drowsiness, and an Arduino board to control components. It provides details on how each component works and diagrams of the system architecture and block diagram. The advantages of the system are lower costs and increased safety and security.
This document provides an overview of an embedded systems project to create a collision avoidance robot. It discusses the components of the robot including sensors to detect obstacles, a microcontroller to process sensor signals and control movement, and a motor to move the robot forward and backward. The document also describes the software used to program the microcontroller and provides sample code to control the robot's movement based on sensor readings.
This presentation provides an overview of embedded systems and describes a collision avoidance robot project. It discusses embedded systems concepts like microcontrollers and examples. It then describes the key components of the collision avoidance robot project including infrared sensors to detect obstacles, an 8051 microcontroller as the control unit, a DC motor as the actuator, and coding in assembly language to control the robot's movement and avoid collisions. The robot is able to move forward and backward, as well as turn, based on signals from its front and rear sensors to navigate around detected obstacles.
Microcontroller Based Obstacle Detection Device Using Voice Signal for the V...IJMER
This paper aims in helping the visually impaired people through an electronic aid, which
senses any obstacle in the path and alarms the user of the obstacle. The device uses a simple principle of
transmitting an ultrasonic signal in the path generated by a wave generator. The signal gets reflected by
the obstacle (if any) in the path. The reflected signal is sensed by a sensor and produces a sound signal in
the form of voice. This voice signal directs the visually impaired person to identify the obstacles in front
of them
major project vehicle accident prevention.pdfArpitaVajpayee
This system uses an eye blink sensor to detect driver drowsiness and prevent vehicle accidents. The sensor is mounted in glasses and detects eye blinks. If the sensor detects a blink longer than 1 second, indicating microsleep, the system will trigger an alarm and stop the vehicle by engaging a relay module to cut power to the wheels. The goal is to alert drowsy drivers and stop the vehicle to prevent accidents caused by driver fatigue.
This document presents a smart door system that uses a passive infrared (PIR) sensor to automatically open and close doors. The system includes a microcontroller, PIR sensor, relay driver, voltage regulator, relay, and other components. When a person is detected near the door by the PIR sensor, the microcontroller signals the relay driver to open the door. The door automatically closes after a set time delay if no further movement is detected. Automatic doors provide benefits for disabled individuals and help improve safety and efficiency in places like hospitals, warehouses, and commercial buildings.
Automatic room light controller using microcontroller and visitor countereSAT Journals
Abstract The Project ‘Automatic Room Light Controller Using microcontroller ATMEGA16A and bidirectional visitor counter’ controls a room light as well as count the number of individuals entering and leaving a room. When an individual enters into a room then one counter is incremented by one and one light in a room will be switched ON and when the individuals leaves a room then the counter is decremented by one. When the number of individuals in a room is greater than 5 then 2 lights will be switched ON. When the individuals in a room are more than 10 then 3 lights will be switched ON. Similarly on increase of every 5 individuals one more light will switched ON. Lights will turn OFF when all the individuals go out of a room. The total number of individuals present inside a room is also displayed on the LCD display. IR sensors and microcontroller does above job. IR sensors sense the obstruction and microcontroller receives the signals produced by the obstruction from the sensors. The received signal is operated via program stored in ROM of Microcontroller.. Keywords: Microcontroller ATMEGA16A, IR Sensors, LCD, Counters
Today, one of the biggest problems Vehicle drivers in India are facing during night is the temporary loss of vision due to the Upper beam (high beam) coming from the Vehicle in the opposite direction. Moreover, the victims of this problem are mostly the students who are the backbone of their families. We have decided to undertake this project especially because this problem has become more dominant in recent years. Over five lakh accidents take place in the country annually, out of which, 41% (Approx. 2 Lakh) are due to road mishaps during night, and 18% (Approx. 90,000) are due to the vehicle headlight glare.
This project is targeted to facilitate such buyers so that they also can follow the protocol of Road Safety. Currently there is no provision for switching the headlight beam of the vehicle, automatically in mid-range vehicles.Operated by the Synergy of a Microcontroller and a Sensor, this device is capable of automatically shifting the Upper beam of the vehicle coming from the opposite direction, to the dipper beam, thus eradicating the problem of vision loss and avoiding accidents due to it. This project addresses the solution to the problems stated above by controlling the brightness of headlights using vehicle speed. The Other objective of this project is to develop a system to keep the vehicle secure and protect it by the occupation of the intruders. This technology even better in the future.
The document describes the design of an automatic braking system for vehicles using infrared sensors. The system works by emitting infrared waves from the front of the vehicle and detecting reflections from any obstacles. Based on the distance measured, a relay activates a DC gear motor that controls the vehicle's brakes. The objectives are to avoid accidents by braking automatically when the driver cannot respond in time. Key components are IR sensors for detection, a relay for signal processing, and a DC gear motor connected to the wheels for braking. The system was tested successfully by braking when obstacles were sensed at various distances.
Embedded System for begners and good for seminarSwaraj Nayak
This document provides an overview of embedded systems including:
1. Embedded systems combine both hardware and software to synchronize their functions.
2. A basic embedded system includes sensors to collect input data, a control unit like a microcontroller to process the data, an actuator to trigger a physical response, and software code to run the system.
3. Embedded systems have many applications like in mobile phones, robots, vehicles and more due to advantages like faster performance, reduced human labor, and easier use.
Under Graduation Final Year Project - Design of Steering wheel with anti-fati...Hariharan L
Road users have long been known to fall asleep whilst driving. Driving long hours can induce fatigue causing lack of concentration and occasionally road accidents. Up to 20% of fatal crashes may be linked to driver fatigue. Our model presented a low-cost and simple distributed force sensor that is particularly suitable for measuring grip force and hand position on a steering wheel. The sensor can be used in automotive active safety systems that aim at detecting driver’s fatigue, which is a major issue to prevent road accidents. The key point of our approach is to design a prototype of sensor units, so that it can serve as platform for integrating different kinds of sensors into the steering wheel.
ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND SECURITY SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILESAdrija Chowdhury
This presentation is simply based on final year embedded systems based project entitled "ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND SECURITY SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILES". This project represents an automobile which has a security system of its own to prevent and detect accidents using GPS Module, GSM module and Alcohol sensor as well.
This presentation provides an overview of embedded systems and describes a collision avoidance robot project. It introduces embedded systems and gives examples. It then describes the key components of embedded systems like processors and memory. It discusses the software used for the project. It introduces the collision avoidance robot project, describing its sensors, control unit, actuators and working. It provides code snippets to show how the robot's movement is controlled based on sensor input to avoid collisions.
Density based traffic light controlling (2)hardik1240
The document discusses the aims and scope of a project to build a traffic control system based on density. It uses IR sensor pairs placed at intervals to automatically detect traffic density and give priority to heavier traffic. The system aims to solve the problem of wasted time at intersections when traffic density is uneven between sides. It will control traffic lights based on real-time density calculations from the sensor data.
Servos are DC motors with built-in gearing and feedback control that can be positioned by pulsed signals to the control wire. They operate from 4.8-6V and have power, ground, and signal wires. The pulse width controls the position, with 1.5ms at the center and shorter or longer pulses to either side. Microcontrollers are integrated circuits that contain a CPU, memory, and I/O to control an embedded system with a dedicated function through simple, repeating instructions stored in ROM.
This document provides details on designing an RFID reader based attendance system using a microcontroller. It includes the objectives, components, pin layout, block diagram and description of the project. The key components are an RFID reader, microcontroller, LCD, switches and 24C02 flash memory. The microcontroller interfaces with the RFID reader and LCD to read RFID tags and display attendance records on the LCD. It also includes explanations of microcontrollers, the 8051 microcontroller architecture, and provides an example of using a microcontroller to automatically turn a light on and off every 30 seconds.
Street light controlling using Microcontroller9989476539
This document describes a street light system that glows upon detecting vehicle movement. It uses a microcontroller, light sensors, and a driver IC to control street lights. When a vehicle is detected by the light sensors, the microcontroller turns on lights ahead of the vehicle. As the vehicle passes, the trailing lights are turned off to save energy. The system provides energy savings by only illuminating the necessary lights.
This document describes a smart street lighting system using IoT technology. The system uses PIR sensors and light dependent resistors connected to an Arduino board to automatically control street lights. When it gets dark, the lights turn on, and when motion is detected by the PIR sensors, the lights switch to a brighter mode. This saves energy by only using full brightness when needed. The system can be monitored over the internet using IoT to check light status remotely and troubleshoot any issues. Implementing this smart street lighting system could reduce energy costs for cities while still providing adequate lighting levels on roads.
This document proposes a system to quickly locate road accident sites using wireless technology to reduce accident fatalities in India. The system uses vibration sensors in vehicles to detect accidents and transmit IR signals to roadside receivers connected to signposts to pinpoint the location. This location data is sent wirelessly to a control room where the accident site is displayed. The goal is to reduce response times and increase survival rates of accident victims.
Drowsiness Detected For Vehicle Using Smart Glass With Eye Blink SensorIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a system to detect driver drowsiness using an eye blink sensor integrated into smart glasses. The sensor uses IR radiation to detect if the eye is open or closed, and sends a signal to an Arduino board if drowsiness is detected.
2. If drowsiness is detected, the Arduino activates a buzzer alarm for 3 seconds to wake the driver. If the driver does not wake, the Arduino cuts power to the vehicle's motor using an RF signal and relay.
3. The system is intended to help prevent accidents caused by drowsy driving, which accounts for a significant percentage of car crashes each year. Future versions could integrate additional sensors for improved accuracy.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
A high-Speed Communication System is based on the Design of a Bi-NoC Router, ...DharmaBanothu
The Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as an effective
solution for intercommunication infrastructure within System on
Chip (SoC) designs, overcoming the limitations of traditional
methods that face significant bottlenecks. However, the complexity
of NoC design presents numerous challenges related to
performance metrics such as scalability, latency, power
consumption, and signal integrity. This project addresses the
issues within the router's memory unit and proposes an enhanced
memory structure. To achieve efficient data transfer, FIFO buffers
are implemented in distributed RAM and virtual channels for
FPGA-based NoC. The project introduces advanced FIFO-based
memory units within the NoC router, assessing their performance
in a Bi-directional NoC (Bi-NoC) configuration. The primary
objective is to reduce the router's workload while enhancing the
FIFO internal structure. To further improve data transfer speed,
a Bi-NoC with a self-configurable intercommunication channel is
suggested. Simulation and synthesis results demonstrate
guaranteed throughput, predictable latency, and equitable
network access, showing significant improvement over previous
designs
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
1. EYE BLINK MONITORING
SYSTEM (EBM)
Project to prevent accident due to drowsiness
“Driving to save lives, time, and money in spite of the conditions around you and the actions of others.”.
2. PROJECT GUIDE
Under The Guidance Of : R.KARTHI KUMAR
Designation : Assistant Professor
4. ABSTRACT
Now-a-days there are perceptible road accidents occurring due to many reasons. Carelessness of driver is one of
the important reasons for accidents particularly due to drowsiness during nights. The main objective of our project is to
design a system which monitors the driver and acknowledges him/her, if he/she was sleepy while he/she is driving a
vehicle. This project provides Eye Blink Monitoring System (EBM) that will alert the driver in drowsiness. A system for
monitoring eye movements would be useful in warning drivers when they fall asleep. The driver’s eye is continuously
monitored using an IR sensor. The eye is illuminated by an IR LED, which is powered by the +5V power supply and
the reflected light is recorded by an IR photo diode. The IR photo diode converts this reflected light into electrical
signal and given to Op-Amp. The output of Op-Amp depends on the intensity of light received by the IR photo diode.
The micro-controller drives the buzzer according to output of Op-Amp. The digital display provides various messages
to the user. When the eye is open, maximum amount of light will be reflected from the eye because our eyeball is
transparent, while minimum of light will be reflected from the eye, when it is closed as skin part of eye is opaque. The
normal eye blink rate will have no effect on the output of the system. If Driver fell asleep, then IR sensor receives
abnormal blinking rate and an alarm will ring, steering will vibrate and error message will be displayed in the particular
console to wake him/her up advice to drive safely. It can be used on day time as well as night time also with real time
data.
6. INTRODUCTION
Vehicle accidents are most common if the driving is inadequate. These happen on most factors if
the driver is drowsy or if he is alcoholic. Driver drowsiness is recognized as an important factor in the
vehicle accidents. It was demonstrated that driving performance deteriorates with increased drowsiness
with resulting crashes constituting more than 20% of all vehicle accidents. But the life lost once cannot
be re-winded. Advanced technology offers some hope avoid these up to some extent.
This project involves measure and controls the eye blink using IR sensor. The IR transmitter is used
to transmit the infrared rays in our eye. The IR receiver is used to receive the reflected infrared rays of
eye. If the eye is closed means the output of IR receiver is high otherwise the IR receiver output is low.
This to know the eye is closing or opening position. This output is give to logic circuit to indicate the
alarm.
7. This project involves controlling accident due to unconscious through Eye
blink. Here one eye blink sensor is fixed in vehicle where if anybody looses
conscious and indicate through alarm.
A car simulator study was designed to collect physiological data for validation
of this technology. Methodology for analysis of physiological data, independent
assessment of driver drowsiness and development of drowsiness detection
algorithm by means of sequential fitting and selection of regression models is
presented.
8. BASIC SYSTEM
The block diagram depicts the total blue print of the proposed project. The
total essence and the functioning of the project is represented in a single block
diagram. The block diagram mainly consists of 4 parts. They include
LM358 Comparator
Eye Blink Sensor
LCD
8051 Micro-controller
Buzzer
10. PARTS OF THE SYSTEM
IR Sensing Circuit
Buzzer
LM358 Comparator
AT89C51 Microcontroller
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
POWER SUPPLY
Micro vision Keil
12. Infrared transmitter is one type of LED which emits infrared rays generally called as IR Transmitter. Similarly
IR Receiver is used to receive the IR rays transmitted by the IR transmitter. One important point is both IR
transmitter and receiver should be placed straight line to each other.
The transmitted signal is given to IR transmitter whenever the signal is high, the IR transmitter LED is
conducting it passes the IR rays to the receiver. The IR receiver is connected with comparator. The comparator is
constructed with LM 358 operational amplifier. In the comparator circuit the reference voltage is given to
inverting input terminal. The non inverting input terminal is connected IR receiver. When interrupt the IR rays
between the IR transmitter and receiver, the IR receiver is not conducting. So the comparator non inverting input
terminal voltage is higher then inverting input. Now the comparator output is in the range of +5V. This voltage is
given to microcontroller or PC and led so led will glow.
When IR transmitter passes the rays to receiver, the IR receiver is conducting due to that non inverting input
voltage is lower than inverting input. Now the comparator output is GND so the output is given to
microcontroller or PC. This circuit is mainly used to for counting application, intruder detector etc.
14. A buzzer or beeper is a signalling device, usually electronic, typically used in automobiles, household
appliances such as a microwave oven, or game shows. It most commonly consists of a number of switches or
sensors connected to a control unit that determines if and which button was pushed or a preset time has lapsed,
and usually illuminates a light on the appropriate button or control panel, and sounds a warning in the form of a
continuous or intermittent buzzing or beeping sound. Initially this device was based on an electromechanical
system which was identical to an electric bell without the metal gong (which makes the ringing noise).
Often these units were anchored to a wall or ceiling and used the ceiling or wall as a sounding board. Another
implementation with some AC-connected devices was to implement a circuit to make the AC current into a noise
loud enough to drive a loudspeaker and hook this circuit up to a cheap 8-ohm speaker. Nowadays, it is more
popular to use a ceramic-based piezoelectric sounder like a Sonalert which makes a high-pitched tone. Usually
these were hooked up to "driver" circuits which varied the pitch of the sound or pulsed the sound on and off.
16. The LM358 consist of two independent, high gain, internally
frequency compensated operational amplifiers which were designed
specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of
voltage. Operation from split power supplies is also possible and the low
power supply current drain is independent of the magnitude of the power
supply voltage. Application areas include transducer amplifier, DC gain
blocks and all the conventional OP-AMP circuits which now can be easily
implemented in single power supply systems.
17. Features:
• Internally Frequency Compensated for Unity Gain
• Large DC Voltage Gain: 100dB
• Wide Power Supply Range: LM358 3V~32V (or ±1.5V~ 16V)
• Input Common Mode Voltage Range Includes Ground
• Large Output Voltage Swing: 0V DC to Vcc -1.5V DC
• Power Drain Suitable for Battery Operation.
19. Microcontroller is a general purpose device, which integrates a number of the components of a
microprocessor system on to single chip. It has inbuilt CPU, memory and peripherals to make it as a mini
computer. A microcontroller combines on to the same microchip:
The CPU core
Memory(both ROM and RAM)
Some parallel digital i/o
Microcontrollers will combine other devices such as:
A timer module to allow the microcontroller to perform tasks for certain time periods.
A serial I/O port to allow data to flow between the controller and other devices such as a PIC or another
microcontroller.
An ADC to allow the microcontroller to accept analogue input data for processing.
20. Micro controller is a stand alone unit, which can perform functions on its own without any requirement for additional
hardware like I/O ports and external memory.
The heart of the microcontroller is the CPU core. In the past, this has traditionally been based on a 8-bit microprocessor
unit. For example Motorola uses a basic 6800 microprocessor core in their 6805/6808 microcontroller devices.
In the recent years, microcontrollers have been developed around specifically designed CPU cores, for example the
microchip PIC range of microcontrollers.
AT89C51 is the 40 pins, 8 bit Microcontroller manufactured by Atmel group. It is the flash type reprogrammable
memory. Advantage of this flash memory is we can erase the program with in few minutes. It has 4kb on chip ROM and 128
bytes internal RAM and 32 I/O pin as arranged as port 0 to port 3 each has 8 bit bin .Port 0 contain 8 data line(D0-D7) as
well as low order address line(AO-A7).
Port 2 contain higher order address line (A8-A15). Port 3 contains special purpose register such as serial input receiver
register SBUF, interrupt INT0,INT1 and timers T0 , T1 many of the pins have multi functions which can be used as general
purpose I/O pins (or) Special purpose function can be decided by the programmer itself.
21. Features:
4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory
Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
Three-Level Program Memory Lock
128 x 8-Bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Two 16-Bit Timer/Counters
Six Interrupt Sources
Programmable Serial Channel
Low Power Idle and Power Down Modes
22. LIQUID CRYSTAL
DISPLAY
An LCD consists of two glass panels, with the liquid crystal material sand witched in between them. The inner surface of the glass
plates are coated with transparent electrodes which define the character, symbols or patterns to be displayed polymeric layers are present in
between the electrodes and the liquid crystal, which makes the liquid crystal molecules to maintain a defined orientation angle.
One each polarisers are pasted outside the two glass panels. These polarisers would rotate the light rays passing through them to a
definite angle, in a particular direction
When the LCD is in the off state, light rays are rotated by the two polarisers and the liquid crystal, such that the light rays come out of
the LCD without any orientation, and hence the LCD appears transparent.
When sufficient voltage is applied to the electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules would be aligned in a specific direction. The light rays
passing through the LCD would be rotated by the polarisers, which would result in activating / highlighting the desired characters.
The LCD’s are lightweight with only a few millimeters thickness. Since the LCD’s consume less power, they are compatible with low
power electronic circuits, and can be powered for long durations.
The LCD’s don’t generate light and so light is needed to read the display. By using backlighting, reading is possible in the dark. The
LCD’s have long life and a wide operating temperature range. Changing the display size or the layout size is relatively simple which makes
the LCD’s more customer friendly.
24. POWER SUPPLY
The power supply circuits built using filters, rectifiers, and then voltage
regulators. Starting with an ac voltage, a steady dc voltage is obtained by
rectifying the ac voltage, then filtering to a dc level, and finally, regulating
to obtain a desired fixed dc voltage. The regulation is usually obtained
from an IC voltage regulator unit, which takes a dc voltage and provides a
somewhat lower dc voltage, which remains the same even if the input dc
voltage varies, or the output load connected to the dc voltage changes.
25. MICRO VISION KEIL
Keil is a cross compiler. So first we have to understand the concept of compilers and cross compilers. After then we shall learn how to
work with keil.
• IDE (Integrated Development environment)
• Project Manager
• Simulator
• Debugger
• C Cross Compiler , Cross Assembler, Locator/Linker
Keil Software provides you with software development tools for the 8051 family of microcontrollers. With these tools, you can generate
embedded applications for the multitude of 8051 derivatives. Keil provides following tools for 8051 development
1. C51 Optimizing C Cross Compiler,
2. A51 Macro Assembler,
3. 8051 Utilities (linker, object file converter, library manager),
4. Source-Level Debugger/Simulator,
5. µVision for Windows Integrated Development Environment.
26. CONCLUSION
Eye based control will be the future of all types of device control, thus making the
operation so comfortable and much easier with less human presence. Several risk
operations can be easily performed with this type of application and further research and
study on these areas will create a new trend of interacting with machines. Hence, a system
to monitor fatigue by detecting eye blink & head movement was developed using self
developed algorithms.
1. The normal blinking rate of eye is not affected.
2. When the driver is awake, the system will be in standby mode.
3. When the driver tends to sleep, the system sounds an alarm, causing the driver
to wake up & concentrate on driving.
27. ADVANTAGES
• Simple setup.
• Remote detection - no mechanical contact with eye.
• Stray visible and IR light not affected.
• Our system does not require the restraint of the external eyelids.
• Head movement not affected.
• Excellent frequency characteristics (DC to more than 500 Hz).
• Excellent working distance (15-25 mm).
28. DISADVANTAGES
• Difficult to calibrate using common units of eye blink
measurement. (e.g. mm of eyelid displacement)
• The signal is proportional to the exposed area of the eyeball.
Independent measurements of the individual eyelids are not possible
29. APPLICATION
Automobiles.
Security Guard Cabins.
Operators at nuclear power plants where continuous monitoring is
necessary.
Pilots of airplane.
Military application where high intensity monitoring of soldier is
needed.