This document discusses evidence-based medicine and statistical significance. It defines evidence-based medicine as using current best evidence from sources like systematic reviews and meta-analyses to make decisions about patient care. The 5 A's process for practicing evidence-based medicine is outlined as asking questions, acquiring evidence, appraising evidence, applying to patients, and assessing outcomes. Different types of studies used in evidence-based medicine are described, including systematic reviews/meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies.

1. Evidence Based Medicine
AND
Statistical Significance
PREPARED BY :
DR.MOAWEYAH QASIM
SUPERVISED BY:
DR.HOSNI AL RAIES
PEDIATRIC ALLERGIST CONSULTANT

3. What is the Evidence based
?medicine
• Evidence based medicine has been
defined by David Sackett as:
• The conscientious, explicit, and
judicious use of current best evidence
in making decisions about the care of
individual patients, to aid the delivery
of optimum clinical care to patients.

6. ’Steps in Practicing EBM ‘5A 5
1. Ask: Asking answerable question
2. Acquire: searching for the best evidence
3. Appraise: Critically appraising the evidence
4. Apply: Applying the evidence to individual
patient care
5. Asses: Evaluating the process

12. SYSTEMIC REVIEW
• Usually focus on a clinical topic and
answer a specific question
• The studies are reviewed, assessed,
and result summarized according to
criteria of the review question

15. Meta-Analysis study
• When quantitative strategy for combining
the result of included studies into a single
pooled or summary estimated, it is called
a Meta-Analysis.
• Summarized a number of studies to report
the results.
• The Cochrane Collaboration has done a
lot of work of systematic reviews and
meta-analysis

20. Randomized controlled trials
• Comparison between
intervention group (received
treatment, procedure) with
control group (no intervention).
• Follow the results and outcome

26. Cohort study
• Cohort study are observational and not
randomized controlled studies
• Take a large number of population
• Already have same factors (treatment,
exposure, risk factors)
• Follow them for time to see the outcome
• Then compare with similar group has not
been affected by these factors

30. Case control studies
• Patients already have specific condition
• Compared with people do not have this condition
• To look back to identify the factors or exposures
might be associated with this illness
• It is less reliable than randomized controlled and
cohort studies because statistical relationship
does not mean that the factors is are causing
the illness.

34. Case series and reports
• Collections of reports for single case
(case report) or several cases (case
series).
• Including findings and treatment and
outcome