Drilling machine classifications

DRILLING MACHINE
Presented By
K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO / FITTER
GOVT ITI THANJAVUR

Table of Content
Introduction
PartsParts
Types
Operations
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

INTRODUCTION
The drilling machine is defined as a machine
which is used to make a circular hole, a tool used
to drill the holes of different size and other
related operations using a drill bit.
related operations using a drill bit.
Holes were drilled by the Egyptians in 1200 B.C.
about 3000 years ago by bow drills. The bow drill
is the mother of present-day metal cutting drilling
machine.

A drilling machine is one of the important machine
tools in the workshop.
Drilling Machine is used to form a hole of different
sizes on a job, Drilling is a material-removing or cutting
process in which the tool uses a Drill Bit to cut a hole of
circular cross-section in solid materials.
Objective of Drilling Machine
circular cross-section in solid materials.
Drill bit is a Multi Point Cutting Tool.
We also perform drilling operation in lathe machine too, but drill machine is
made for this specific drill operations, so where we need bulk of drilling
operation we go for drilling machine.

Parts of the Drilling Machine
Base
Column or Pillar
Arm
Spindle
Drill bit
ChuckArm
Worktable
Drill head
Feed Mechanism
Chuck
Electric Motor
Pulley or gears
Depth gauge

Presented by :
K.SATHISHKUMAR

It is one of the main parts of a drilling machine, it
carries the entire weight of the machine, and transfer
the weight to the ground.
The base of a drilling machine is generally made of
cast iron or steel, and it is very rigid.
At the top of the base, there are some slots provided
BASE:
At the top of the base, there are some slots provided
to support the big jobs.
And on one side of the base, a radial column or a
pillar is situated.
The base is generally bolted with the ground or in
some case the base is supported by two or four legs.

Column or pillar:
The column or pillar is situated on one side of the
base. In general, we use a radial column so that the
movement of the arm is possible in a clockwise or
anticlockwise direction.
The column is also made of cast iron or steel and is
also very rigid so that it can carry the load of the arm as
well as a drill head.
A sliding table is mounted on the column so that the
table can have up and down motion according to the
need.

Upper arm:
 At the top of the column, there is an upper arm,
which carries the drill head and also the house of the
driving mechanism.
 The upper arm is also made of the same materials of
 The upper arm is also made of the same materials of
the base.(cast iron or steel)
 To make the structure rigid.
 In some drilling machine, a guideway is provided so
that the drill head can slide over this.

Worktable:
The worktable is generally made of cast iron and it is
mounted on the column.
 T-slots are provided at the top surface of the table may
be in some table there is a vice which also helps to hold
the job.
The table can move up and down as also right or left
according to the job and tool arrangement.
according to the job and tool arrangement.
 The up and down motion of the table can be given by
hand as well as by some electrical mechanism.
We use a rack and pinion mechanism for a vertical
moment of the table.
The shape of the table can be rectangular or also
circular.

Drill head:
One side of the arm a drill head is mounted, a drill
head is consist of various feed and driving mechanism.
A drill chuck is mounted over it. A drill head can slide
up and down as per the requirement of the job.
A V-types belt is provided to transfer the power from
A V-types belt is provided to transfer the power from
the motor to the pulley and from pulley, the mechanical
power is transferred to the drill head.
The different types of speed can be generated by the
cone pulley mechanism as well as a gear-train
mechanism.

Feed Mechanism:
In a drill machine, we use an electric motor, V-belt, and
pulley to transfer the power from the motor to the
spindle.
For the up and down motion of the drill head, we use
hand and as well as automatic feed by an electrical
hand and as well as automatic feed by an electrical
motor.
Here also a rack and pinion are used to convert the
rotational movement from electrical motor or by hand to
the straight-line movement.

Spindle:
It is a circular taper shaft which helps to hold the drill
chuck. It is made of high carbon chromium steel or
stainless steel or steel alloys.
It transfers the rotary motion from drill head to drill
It transfers the rotary motion from drill head to drill
jigs.
There is a keyhole provided on the spindle to change
the drill chuck.
The spindle also can move up and down with the help
of rack and pinion mechanism.

Chuck:
The chuck is mounted on the lower end of the spindle,
it holds the drill jig.
Here also a keyhole is provided to change the drill
jigs.
Drill chucks are generally self-centering.
In a drill machine, we use three-jaw chuck.
And it is made of special alloy steel.

Electric Motor:
In a drilling machine, we use a single-phase ac
motor. Which can run at an rpm of 600-5000, or may
be more for high duty drilling machine.

Pulley or Gears:
Pulley or gears is used to transmit power and also for
getting different speed.
 In a drilling machine, we use bevel gear to transmit
power at an angle of 90 degrees.
So now we are going to learn how power transferred
in a Drilling machine.

How does Power Transmission happen in the
Drilling machine?
The power transmission in the drilling machine used to
transmit power for its working.
This power is supplied from the electric motor.
This power is supplied from the electric motor.
The process of transmission takes place with the help
of the v-bolt and the pair of pulley stacks opposite to
each other.
The speed of the spindle is fixed or controlled with the
help of the pulley stacks.

Types of Drilling Machine
Following are the 8 different types of drilling machine.
1. Portable drilling machine
2. Sensitive drilling machine2. Sensitive drilling machine
a) Bench mounting sensitive drilling machine
b) Floor column upright drilling machine
3. Upright drilling machine
a) Round column upright drilling machine
b) Box column upright drilling machine

4. Radial drilling machine
a) Plain drilling machine
b) Universal drilling machine
c) Semi-universal drilling machine
5. Gang drilling machine
6. Multiple spindle machine
6. Multiple spindle machine
7. Automatic drilling machine
8. Deep hole drilling machine
a) Vertical deep hole drilling machine
b) Horizontal deep hole drilling machine

1. Portable drilling machine
This types of drilling machines are commonly used in
all the workshop. Used to drill small sized holes. It is
operated by holding in a hand. The workpiece where
the hole is to be drilled is held in a vice.

2. Sensitive drilling machine
These types of drilling machine used to drill small holes
diameter as small as 0.35 mm to 15 mm. These machines
run at a higher speed as high as 2000 rpm.
 The machine may be mounted on the bench or floor &
the drilling work is started with the drill fed into the
workpiece by purely hand control.
workpiece by purely hand control.
This enables the operator to feel how the drill is cutting
and accordingly he can control the down feed pressure.
Since the operator senses the cutting action at any instant
it is called as the sensitive drilling machine.

3. Upright or Vertical or Pillar type Drilling
Machine:
It is larger in size and stronger than sensitive drilling
machine. It is used for drilling medium and large-sized
holes.
holes.
Based on the type of column used it is classified as a
round column and box column upright drilling machines.

ROUND COLUMN BOX COLUMN

Upright or Vertical or Pillar Drilling Machine is free
standing and is of a far heavier construction able to take
larger drills.
It has a heavy frame to support a wider range of work.
The table height is adjustable and power speed and
The table height is adjustable and power speed and
feeds are available.
The larger drills normally have a taper shank located
within taper bore in the spindle end. These tapers are
standardized as Morse tapers.

4. Radial drilling machine
The radial drill machine is free-standing and
the work piece is clamped in the position on
the base. It is used for heavy large and heavy
work.
The arm is power-driven for the height
The arm is power-driven for the height
location. The drill head is positioned using
motorized drives and it transverse the swinging
arm.
The workpiece remains stationary the
machine base or worktable.
The machine spindle is moved to the location
required.

5. Gang drilling machine
In the Gang type Drilling Machine, several
spindles/ or stations are mounted on one
long table as shown in the figure.

6.Multiple spindle machine
In the Multi-spindle drilling machine, there are
many spindles mounted on one head to allow
many holes to be drilled simultaneously.

7. Automatic drilling machine Or Numerical
Control Drilling Machine
Numerical control drilling machine can
automatically change tooling with a turret or automatic
tool changer.
tool changer.
Speeds, feeds, and table position is controlled using a
computer program.

8. Deep Hole Drilling Machine
This may be the either horizontal or vertical type of
machine.
In this drilling machine, the part to be drilled is rotated
and the drill bit that makes the hole is kept stationary.
and the drill bit that makes the hole is kept stationary.
 Deep hole drilling is done in components like rifle
barrels, crankshafts, long shafts etc.

DEEP HOLE DRILLING MACHINE

Drilling Machine Operations
1. Drilling operation
2. Reaming operation
3. Boring operation
4. Counter boring operation
5. Countersinking operation
5. Countersinking operation
6. Spot facing operation
7. Tapping operation
8. Lapping operation
9. Grinding operation
10. Trepanning operation

1.Drilling
Drilling is the operation of producing a cylindrical holeDrilling is the operation of producing a cylindrical hole
by removing metal from the rotating edge of a cutting
tool called the drill.
The drill point is pressed at this centre point to
produce the required hole. Drilling does not produce an
accurate hole in a work piece and the hole location is
not perfect.

2. Reaming
Reaming is an accurate way of sizing and finishing a
hole which has been previously drilled. In order to finish a
hole and to bring it to the accurate size, the hole is drilled
slightly undersize.
Reamer cannot originate a hole. It simply follows the
path which has been previously drilled and removes a
very small amount of metal. Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR

3. Boring
 To enlarge a hole by means of an adjustable cutting To enlarge a hole by means of an adjustable cutting
tool with only one cutting edge. This is necessary where
the suitable sized drill is not available or where the hole
diameter is so large that it cannot be ordinarily drilled.
 Used to finish a hole accurately and to bring it to the
required size.
 To machine the internal surface of a hole already
produced in casting. Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR

4. Counter boring
Counterboring is the operation of enlarging the end of a
hole cylindrically.hole cylindrically.
A tool used for counterboring is called a counterbore.
The counterbores are made with a straight or tapered
shank to fit in the drill spindle.
The tool is guided by a pilot which extends beyond the
end of the cutting edges. The pilot fits into the small-
diameter hole running clearance and maintains the
alignment of the tool. Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR

5. Countersinking
Countersinking is the operation of making a cone-
shaped enlargement of the end of a hole to provide a
recess for a flat head screw or countersunk rivet fitted
into the hole.
The tool used for countersinking is called a countersink.
The cutting speed in countersinking is 25% less than
that of drilling. Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR

6. Spot facing
Spot facing is the operation of smoothing and squaring
the surface around a hole for the seat for a nut or the
head of a screw.
A counter bore or a special spot facing tool may be
employed for this purpose.

7. Tapping
It is the operation of cutting internal threads by meansIt is the operation of cutting internal threads by means
of a cutting tool called a tap.
A tap may be considered as a bolt with accurate threads
cut on it. The threads act as cutting edges which are
hardened and ground.
When the tap is screwed into the hole it removes metal
and cuts internal threads which will fit into external
threads of the same size. Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR

8. Lapping
Lapping is the operation of sizing and finishing a small
diameter hole already hardened by removing a very small
amount of material by using a lap. There are many kinds of
lapping tools.
The copper head laps are commonly used. The lap fits in
the hole and is moved up and down while it revolves.

9. Grinding
Grinding operation may be performed in a drilling
machine to finish a hardened hole. The grinding wheel is
made to revolve with the spindle and is fed up and down.
A suitable grinding wheel may be selected for surface
grinding operation. Grinding can also be done correctly out
of roundness of the hole. Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR

10. Trepanning
Trepanning is the operation of producing a hole by
removing metal along the circumference of a hollow
cutting tool.
The tool resembles a hollow tube having cutting edges at
one end and a solid shank at the other to fit into the drill
spindle. This is one of the efficient methods of producing a
hole.

Drilling machine classifications

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