The document summarizes the progress and achievements of the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) in its first full year of work in 2013. Key points include:
- PIM restructured its work into 7 flagship projects and 1 cross-cutting flagship addressing gender, partnerships, and capacity building.
- Research activities produced publications and discussion papers while some results were applied. Relationships with partners were strengthened.
- Achievements under each flagship project are described, including new modeling work, data collection on agricultural investments, and learning platforms on technology adoption.
- The document reflects on lessons learned during PIM's initial implementation and discusses how indicators can be used
CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions and Markets, Value for MoneyCGIAR
CGIAR is a global partnership that works to ensure food security. This document discusses the work of PIM, one of CGIAR's research programs. PIM focuses on improving policies, institutions, and markets related to agriculture. It has 7 flagship projects that examine issues like foresight modeling, science policy, sustainable intensification, and more. These projects provide research to help partners strengthen programs, policies, and institutions to better support smallholder farmers and sustainable agricultural growth. The document outlines lessons learned from PIM's work, opportunities to expand collaboration and integration of activities, and how PIM addresses gender in agricultural research.
Innovation for the Sustainable Development Goals - Four Trends in 2017Benjamin Kumpf
Presentation at the event 'Innovative development and humanitarian assistance' in Copenhagen in June 2017; organized by the Confederation of Danish Industry and UNDP
This document summarizes discussions from a workshop on equitable and fair conservation at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. Key points addressed include:
- Research found that feelings of unfair distribution of costs and benefits of conservation, such as lack of support for crop raiding, were major drivers of unauthorized resource use, alongside poverty.
- Stakeholders discussed the importance of equitable sharing of conservation costs and benefits for community support of conservation. They proposed ideas to strengthen revenue sharing policies and guidelines to better target those most affected by conservation.
- Guidance was proposed to help conservation practitioners adopt more equitable and targeted approaches to integrated conservation and development based on the workshop discussions and research findings. Feedback was requested on how to make
Danielle Resnick
POLICY SEMINAR
What Drives Policy Change? Insights from the Kaleidoscope Model of Food Security Policy
Organized by IFPRI, Michigan State University and University of Pretoria, Consortium partners- Food Security Policy Innovation Lab
Steve Haggblade
POLICY SEMINAR
What Drives Policy Change? Insights from the Kaleidoscope Model of Food Security Policy
Organized by IFPRI, Michigan State University and University of Pretoria, Consortium partners- Food Security Policy Innovation Lab
Addressing Anemia Full Spectrum_Koporc_5.11.11CORE Group
The document summarizes the results of the first global NGO deworming inventory. It found that NGOs donated 127.9 million deworming treatments in 2009 but only reported 20.8 million unique treatments to the inventory. A WHO working group concluded the inventory was useful for identifying the scale of NGO deworming activities. It recommended continuing the inventory and encouraging more NGO participation to help coordinate deworming efforts and assess unmet needs.
The document summarizes the progress and achievements of the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) in its first full year of work in 2013. Key points include:
- PIM restructured its work into 7 flagship projects and 1 cross-cutting flagship addressing gender, partnerships, and capacity building.
- Research activities produced publications and discussion papers while some results were applied. Relationships with partners were strengthened.
- Achievements under each flagship project are described, including new modeling work, data collection on agricultural investments, and learning platforms on technology adoption.
- The document reflects on lessons learned during PIM's initial implementation and discusses how indicators can be used
CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions and Markets, Value for MoneyCGIAR
CGIAR is a global partnership that works to ensure food security. This document discusses the work of PIM, one of CGIAR's research programs. PIM focuses on improving policies, institutions, and markets related to agriculture. It has 7 flagship projects that examine issues like foresight modeling, science policy, sustainable intensification, and more. These projects provide research to help partners strengthen programs, policies, and institutions to better support smallholder farmers and sustainable agricultural growth. The document outlines lessons learned from PIM's work, opportunities to expand collaboration and integration of activities, and how PIM addresses gender in agricultural research.
Innovation for the Sustainable Development Goals - Four Trends in 2017Benjamin Kumpf
Presentation at the event 'Innovative development and humanitarian assistance' in Copenhagen in June 2017; organized by the Confederation of Danish Industry and UNDP
This document summarizes discussions from a workshop on equitable and fair conservation at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. Key points addressed include:
- Research found that feelings of unfair distribution of costs and benefits of conservation, such as lack of support for crop raiding, were major drivers of unauthorized resource use, alongside poverty.
- Stakeholders discussed the importance of equitable sharing of conservation costs and benefits for community support of conservation. They proposed ideas to strengthen revenue sharing policies and guidelines to better target those most affected by conservation.
- Guidance was proposed to help conservation practitioners adopt more equitable and targeted approaches to integrated conservation and development based on the workshop discussions and research findings. Feedback was requested on how to make
Danielle Resnick
POLICY SEMINAR
What Drives Policy Change? Insights from the Kaleidoscope Model of Food Security Policy
Organized by IFPRI, Michigan State University and University of Pretoria, Consortium partners- Food Security Policy Innovation Lab
Steve Haggblade
POLICY SEMINAR
What Drives Policy Change? Insights from the Kaleidoscope Model of Food Security Policy
Organized by IFPRI, Michigan State University and University of Pretoria, Consortium partners- Food Security Policy Innovation Lab
Addressing Anemia Full Spectrum_Koporc_5.11.11CORE Group
The document summarizes the results of the first global NGO deworming inventory. It found that NGOs donated 127.9 million deworming treatments in 2009 but only reported 20.8 million unique treatments to the inventory. A WHO working group concluded the inventory was useful for identifying the scale of NGO deworming activities. It recommended continuing the inventory and encouraging more NGO participation to help coordinate deworming efforts and assess unmet needs.
PIM - Presentation for Discussion with Donors and Partners - June 2013cgxchange
The document discusses plans for future work on several topics including gender, productivity, access, and value chains by the PIM CGIAR Research Program and its partners. It outlines proposed strategic research on gender, measuring agricultural incentives more accurately, evaluating the relationship between agricultural research and productivity, and improving access to food through social protection programs. The document also discusses expanding work on innovations in agricultural value chains, including tools to reduce transaction costs and manage risk.
The document discusses socio-technical innovation bundles for transforming agri-food systems. It recommends developing innovation packages that combine products, capacity building, and policy work with partners. These packages will form the basis for assessing projected benefits, risks, and scaling readiness. The goal is to identify bottlenecks preventing scaling and develop strategies to overcome them, moving from single innovations to portfolios of packages that can transform entire systems when implemented at scale.
PIM - Presentation for Discussion with Donors and Partners - June 2013CGIAR
The document discusses topics for an international food policy research consultation, including impact pathways, proposed evolution of the Partnership for Inclusive Agricultural Transformation (PIM) program, and capacity building. Key areas of focus proposed for the next PIM phase include strengthening the agricultural innovation continuum, increasing access to food for the poor, and natural resource management for resilient landscapes. Major activities on gender in value chains and examples of value chain interventions in countries are provided. Key partnerships, capacity building approaches, and links between rapid agricultural growth and supportive policies are also summarized.
Breda Gavinsmith, Public Health Nutritionist SUN Movement SecretariatSUN_Movement
The document summarizes a workshop on strengthening functional capacities within the SUN Movement to scale up nutrition. It discusses the three dimensions of multi-stakeholder engagement, multi-sectoral coordination, and multi-level alignment that are important for capacity development. Some of the greatest challenges identified are effective coordination arrangements, building trust and leadership, establishing transparent accountability mechanisms, and knowledge sharing. The workshop aims to understand what is working well, identify priority needs and resource gaps, and harness discussions to support further progress on functional capacities through a community of practice.
The W+ Standard is a unique certification label developed by WOCAN that endorses projects that create increased social and economic benefits for women participating in economic development or environment projects, including those that provide renewable energy technologies, time and labor saving devices, forest and agriculture activities, and employment opportunities.
The W+ is thus an innovative framework to quantify and monetize the social capital created by women, to recognize and reward their contributions to sustainable environments and communities.
The W+ measures women’s empowerment in six domains: Time, Income & Assets, Health, Leadership, Education & Knowledge and Food Security. It produces quantified women-benefit units that contribute towards post 2015 Sustainability Goals (SDGs), Climate Financing or Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) targets.
www.wplus.org
Sarah Mshiu, Economist Office of the Prime Minister TanzaniaSUN_Movement
This document describes Tanzania's experience with using different platforms to share knowledge on nutrition issues. It outlines the various government, CSO, donor, and business platforms that facilitate both intra- and cross-platform knowledge sharing. The platforms ensure multisectoral collaboration and allow for planning, implementation, and monitoring of nutrition interventions. They also enable sharing of information, best practices, and research findings to support nutrition programs in Tanzania. Challenges include insufficient priority on nutrition, coordination difficulties, weak information management, and lack of resources, but the platforms provide benefits like communicating nutrition messages and improving program quality.
European Engagement and the PAEPARD Users’ Led Process: Implications for Deve...Francois Stepman
This document summarizes a study on the PAEPARD Users' Led Process (ULP) and its implications for agricultural research and development partnerships between Europe and Africa. The study found that while ULP dialogues help identify user priorities, they are not sufficient for building long-term partnerships which require consistent funding and trust over time. Bringing together diverse stakeholders from research and non-research backgrounds strengthens capacities and speeds up innovation, but managing such partnerships is challenging due to differences in agendas, communication, and engagement over the long process. Overall, ULPs can foster productive multi-stakeholder research partnerships if funding constraints are addressed and European participation is enhanced.
The W+ Standard is a unique certification label developed by WOCAN that endorses projects that create increased social and economic benefits for women participating in economic development or environment projects, including those that provide renewable energy technologies, time and labor saving devices, forest and agriculture activities, and employment opportunities.
The W+ is thus an innovative framework to quantify and monetize the social capital created by women, to recognize and reward their contributions to sustainable environments and communities.
www.wplus.org
The document proposes the W+ Standard and Program, which would create a standard to measure positive impacts on women's empowerment from projects supported by climate change and development programs. It would quantify and verify benefits to women across six domains: time, income/assets, health, education/knowledge, leadership, and food security. Certified projects would be issued W+ Units that could then be sold to corporate, institutional, or individual buyers interested in measuring their social impacts. The proposal seeks funding to develop the standard and methodology further, establish an administrative team, and launch an initial W+ Capacity Fund to support pilot projects generating W+ Units for prospective buyers to purchase.
Suresh Babu
BOOK LAUNCH
Virtual Event - Agricultural Extension: Global Status and Performance in Selected Countries
Co-Organized by IFPRI and the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
SEP 10, 2020 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
Maureen Tumusiime Bakunzi, Assistant Commissioner of Policy Implementation an...SUN_Movement
Uganda has made progress in strengthening multi-sectoral coordination for nutrition through implementing its Nutrition Action Plan. Key accomplishments include orienting district-level coordination committees, developing nutrition strategies and guidelines, and integrating nutrition into development plans. Regular coordination occurs across sectors led by the Prime Minister's Office. However, challenges remain around sustaining coordination mechanisms long-term given resource needs, maintaining functional capacities as personnel change, documenting evidence of impact, and improving transparency among partners.
Examining Actors in Privately-led Extension in Developing CountriesKathryn Heinz
Presented at the 2nd Annual International Conference on Global Food Security. October 14, 2015. By Miguel Gomez, Benjamin Mueller, and Mary Kate Wheeler
This document summarizes a presentation by Susan Roxas of WWF Greater Mekong on business and NGO collaboration. It discusses why companies work with NGOs such as for expertise and credibility, and why NGOs work with businesses to leverage their resources and influence industries. Some risks of collaboration include greenwashing and lack of transparency. Areas of potential collaboration include climate and energy, sustainable production, water stewardship, and joint communications. Examples of partnerships include work with financial institutions on sustainability and a project with IKEA to sustainably source rattan in Southeast Asia.
Using a theory of change to support evaluation planning for a food safety int...ILRI
This document discusses using a Theory of Change approach to support evaluation planning for a food safety intervention project in Cambodia called Safe Food Fair Food Cambodia. It presents the project's vision, mission, boundary partners, and an initial Theory of Change diagram. It also discusses monitoring and evaluating project outcomes, including through outcome harvesting and outcome mapping approaches. The document outlines some of the project's outputs and expected outcomes related to improving food safety knowledge, practices, and policies. It proposes next steps for evaluation, including a qualitative study to explore post-project impacts.
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) in Systems Research: Experience from Africa R...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Carlo Azzarri, Beliyou Haile and Apurba Shee for the Africa RISING Humidtropics Systems Research Marketplace, Ibadan, Nigeria, 15-17 November 2016
Margaret Najjingo Mangheni
BOOK LAUNCH
Virtual Event - Agricultural Extension: Global Status and Performance in Selected Countries
Co-Organized by IFPRI and the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
SEP 10, 2020 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
This document summarizes pig farming practices and challenges in Mizoram, India. It notes that pigs are the dominant livestock in Mizoram, with the highest density of pigs in India. However, the supply of pigs and pork is often insufficient to meet local demand. The College of Veterinary Science & A.H. in Mizoram aims to complement existing pig rearing systems through improved techniques. A survey found issues like inadequate housing, poor waste disposal, and preference for exotic breeds. The college plans to develop crossbreeds suited to local conditions, provide disease diagnosis and prevention training, and establish a local feeding system. It is carrying out conservation and performance evaluation programs, and providing different types of training to
PIM - Presentation for Discussion with Donors and Partners - June 2013cgxchange
The document discusses plans for future work on several topics including gender, productivity, access, and value chains by the PIM CGIAR Research Program and its partners. It outlines proposed strategic research on gender, measuring agricultural incentives more accurately, evaluating the relationship between agricultural research and productivity, and improving access to food through social protection programs. The document also discusses expanding work on innovations in agricultural value chains, including tools to reduce transaction costs and manage risk.
The document discusses socio-technical innovation bundles for transforming agri-food systems. It recommends developing innovation packages that combine products, capacity building, and policy work with partners. These packages will form the basis for assessing projected benefits, risks, and scaling readiness. The goal is to identify bottlenecks preventing scaling and develop strategies to overcome them, moving from single innovations to portfolios of packages that can transform entire systems when implemented at scale.
PIM - Presentation for Discussion with Donors and Partners - June 2013CGIAR
The document discusses topics for an international food policy research consultation, including impact pathways, proposed evolution of the Partnership for Inclusive Agricultural Transformation (PIM) program, and capacity building. Key areas of focus proposed for the next PIM phase include strengthening the agricultural innovation continuum, increasing access to food for the poor, and natural resource management for resilient landscapes. Major activities on gender in value chains and examples of value chain interventions in countries are provided. Key partnerships, capacity building approaches, and links between rapid agricultural growth and supportive policies are also summarized.
Breda Gavinsmith, Public Health Nutritionist SUN Movement SecretariatSUN_Movement
The document summarizes a workshop on strengthening functional capacities within the SUN Movement to scale up nutrition. It discusses the three dimensions of multi-stakeholder engagement, multi-sectoral coordination, and multi-level alignment that are important for capacity development. Some of the greatest challenges identified are effective coordination arrangements, building trust and leadership, establishing transparent accountability mechanisms, and knowledge sharing. The workshop aims to understand what is working well, identify priority needs and resource gaps, and harness discussions to support further progress on functional capacities through a community of practice.
The W+ Standard is a unique certification label developed by WOCAN that endorses projects that create increased social and economic benefits for women participating in economic development or environment projects, including those that provide renewable energy technologies, time and labor saving devices, forest and agriculture activities, and employment opportunities.
The W+ is thus an innovative framework to quantify and monetize the social capital created by women, to recognize and reward their contributions to sustainable environments and communities.
The W+ measures women’s empowerment in six domains: Time, Income & Assets, Health, Leadership, Education & Knowledge and Food Security. It produces quantified women-benefit units that contribute towards post 2015 Sustainability Goals (SDGs), Climate Financing or Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) targets.
www.wplus.org
Sarah Mshiu, Economist Office of the Prime Minister TanzaniaSUN_Movement
This document describes Tanzania's experience with using different platforms to share knowledge on nutrition issues. It outlines the various government, CSO, donor, and business platforms that facilitate both intra- and cross-platform knowledge sharing. The platforms ensure multisectoral collaboration and allow for planning, implementation, and monitoring of nutrition interventions. They also enable sharing of information, best practices, and research findings to support nutrition programs in Tanzania. Challenges include insufficient priority on nutrition, coordination difficulties, weak information management, and lack of resources, but the platforms provide benefits like communicating nutrition messages and improving program quality.
European Engagement and the PAEPARD Users’ Led Process: Implications for Deve...Francois Stepman
This document summarizes a study on the PAEPARD Users' Led Process (ULP) and its implications for agricultural research and development partnerships between Europe and Africa. The study found that while ULP dialogues help identify user priorities, they are not sufficient for building long-term partnerships which require consistent funding and trust over time. Bringing together diverse stakeholders from research and non-research backgrounds strengthens capacities and speeds up innovation, but managing such partnerships is challenging due to differences in agendas, communication, and engagement over the long process. Overall, ULPs can foster productive multi-stakeholder research partnerships if funding constraints are addressed and European participation is enhanced.
The W+ Standard is a unique certification label developed by WOCAN that endorses projects that create increased social and economic benefits for women participating in economic development or environment projects, including those that provide renewable energy technologies, time and labor saving devices, forest and agriculture activities, and employment opportunities.
The W+ is thus an innovative framework to quantify and monetize the social capital created by women, to recognize and reward their contributions to sustainable environments and communities.
www.wplus.org
The document proposes the W+ Standard and Program, which would create a standard to measure positive impacts on women's empowerment from projects supported by climate change and development programs. It would quantify and verify benefits to women across six domains: time, income/assets, health, education/knowledge, leadership, and food security. Certified projects would be issued W+ Units that could then be sold to corporate, institutional, or individual buyers interested in measuring their social impacts. The proposal seeks funding to develop the standard and methodology further, establish an administrative team, and launch an initial W+ Capacity Fund to support pilot projects generating W+ Units for prospective buyers to purchase.
Suresh Babu
BOOK LAUNCH
Virtual Event - Agricultural Extension: Global Status and Performance in Selected Countries
Co-Organized by IFPRI and the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
SEP 10, 2020 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
Maureen Tumusiime Bakunzi, Assistant Commissioner of Policy Implementation an...SUN_Movement
Uganda has made progress in strengthening multi-sectoral coordination for nutrition through implementing its Nutrition Action Plan. Key accomplishments include orienting district-level coordination committees, developing nutrition strategies and guidelines, and integrating nutrition into development plans. Regular coordination occurs across sectors led by the Prime Minister's Office. However, challenges remain around sustaining coordination mechanisms long-term given resource needs, maintaining functional capacities as personnel change, documenting evidence of impact, and improving transparency among partners.
Examining Actors in Privately-led Extension in Developing CountriesKathryn Heinz
Presented at the 2nd Annual International Conference on Global Food Security. October 14, 2015. By Miguel Gomez, Benjamin Mueller, and Mary Kate Wheeler
This document summarizes a presentation by Susan Roxas of WWF Greater Mekong on business and NGO collaboration. It discusses why companies work with NGOs such as for expertise and credibility, and why NGOs work with businesses to leverage their resources and influence industries. Some risks of collaboration include greenwashing and lack of transparency. Areas of potential collaboration include climate and energy, sustainable production, water stewardship, and joint communications. Examples of partnerships include work with financial institutions on sustainability and a project with IKEA to sustainably source rattan in Southeast Asia.
Using a theory of change to support evaluation planning for a food safety int...ILRI
This document discusses using a Theory of Change approach to support evaluation planning for a food safety intervention project in Cambodia called Safe Food Fair Food Cambodia. It presents the project's vision, mission, boundary partners, and an initial Theory of Change diagram. It also discusses monitoring and evaluating project outcomes, including through outcome harvesting and outcome mapping approaches. The document outlines some of the project's outputs and expected outcomes related to improving food safety knowledge, practices, and policies. It proposes next steps for evaluation, including a qualitative study to explore post-project impacts.
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) in Systems Research: Experience from Africa R...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Carlo Azzarri, Beliyou Haile and Apurba Shee for the Africa RISING Humidtropics Systems Research Marketplace, Ibadan, Nigeria, 15-17 November 2016
Margaret Najjingo Mangheni
BOOK LAUNCH
Virtual Event - Agricultural Extension: Global Status and Performance in Selected Countries
Co-Organized by IFPRI and the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
SEP 10, 2020 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
This document summarizes pig farming practices and challenges in Mizoram, India. It notes that pigs are the dominant livestock in Mizoram, with the highest density of pigs in India. However, the supply of pigs and pork is often insufficient to meet local demand. The College of Veterinary Science & A.H. in Mizoram aims to complement existing pig rearing systems through improved techniques. A survey found issues like inadequate housing, poor waste disposal, and preference for exotic breeds. The college plans to develop crossbreeds suited to local conditions, provide disease diagnosis and prevention training, and establish a local feeding system. It is carrying out conservation and performance evaluation programs, and providing different types of training to
A third party transfer of RM100 from account number 155014032496 to account number 155126919921 held under the name of Nurhaizi Binti Shamsudin was successful on July 30, 2012 at 5:33pm. The transfer reference number is 1670427712.
The Finance Minister, Mr. Arun Jaitely on February 29, 2016 presented his 3rd Union Budget in the Parliament. Various changes have been proposed in the income-tax provisions which would impact the taxable income of an individual.
This computer-generated letter informs Aswinee Kumar that effective April 1, 2015, his designation at Qualitykiosk Technologies Pvt Ltd has been changed from Project Leader to Project Leader - Performance Monitoring Services. The company is confident that Aswinee will continue to be committed and contribute to the organization's growth and success in his new role.
This document provides an overview of the steel industry in India. It discusses the history and development of the steel industry in India from its beginnings in 1907 with the establishment of Tata Iron and Steel Company. It outlines the key events and growth of the industry over time. It describes how the industry was largely under public sector control until economic reforms in the early 1990s liberalized the industry and encouraged private sector growth and foreign investment. It provides production statistics and discusses the National Steel Policy of 2005 which aims to increase steel production capacity in India to 110 million tonnes by 2019-2020.
This document provides mandatory documentation requirements for expediting marine claims at TMLDC Ltd in Mumbai. It lists 12 key documents needed for claims processing, including the check sheet/forwarding letter, copies of excise documents and transport documents, damage estimates, photographs, signed forms and more. Proper documentation is needed to process claims quickly through the New India Assurance Company.
IBM is requesting approval from Hitachi to pick up three defective replacement parts that were previously delivered in February 2010. The parts include a lift plate, lift tool, and planar. IBM needs a gate pass and any necessary approvals to retrieve the defective parts, as the new replacement parts are now installed on Hitachi's IBM machines.
This document summarizes the Biovision Farmer Communication Program in Africa, which aims to improve smallholder farmer livelihoods through better access to information on sustainable agriculture. It discusses the evolution of agricultural extension approaches in Kenya and principles of extension reform. The program bridges research and dissemination of natural, locally-available solutions through model projects led by partner organizations. Its goal is to enhance synergy among information projects and build capacity of information agents to scale access and use of appropriate innovations.
Innovations in agricultural extension: What can Ethiopia learn from global ex...ILRI
Presented by Ranjitha Puskur, Ponniah Anandajayasekeram and Sindu Workneh at the MoARD Workshop on “Improving Agricultural Extension Service Delivery Approaches”, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 22 June 2006.
The document summarizes the Biovision Farmer Communication Program in Africa. The program aims to improve smallholder farmer livelihoods through better access to information on sustainable agriculture innovations. It does this through a network of information channels including a website, magazine, radio show, and call center. The program works with partners to disseminate research-based information to farmers and provide training through learning centers. Its goal is to transition subsistence farmers to more productive and commercial agriculture.
This document discusses the Biovision Farmer Communication Program in Africa. It provides context on challenges facing smallholder farmers in Africa related to land degradation, climate change, and population growth. It then discusses the evolution of agricultural extension approaches in Kenya from a top-down model to more participatory approaches. The Biovision Foundation and Biovision Africa Trust are working to bridge research and application of sustainable agricultural practices to improve food security and livelihoods of smallholder farmers through farmer communication programs.
Shaping a new CGIAR Mega Program on Livestock and FishILRI
The document proposes a new mega program focused on sustainably increasing productivity and consumption of livestock and fish in developing countries. It would do this by targeting interventions in select high-potential value chains through partnerships between research, development, and private sector actors. The goal is to generate measurable local impact, facilitate regional scaling, and produce technologies and learnings applicable more widely to benefit international development efforts. Key questions raised include whether this focus area and approach can achieve impact at scale, attract necessary partnerships, and balance local and global benefits.
Volunteer farmer trainers play a key role in disseminating improved dairy feeding practices and technologies to fellow farmers in Kenya and Uganda. According to a study, volunteer farmers are motivated both intrinsically, through gaining knowledge and helping others, and extrinsically, through social and financial benefits. To sustain this farmer-to-farmer extension approach, volunteer farmers need continued support to develop skills and networks and generate income from activities like seed production.
Volunteer farmer trainers play a key role in disseminating improved dairy feeding practices and technologies to fellow farmers in Kenya and Uganda. According to a study, volunteer farmers are motivated both intrinsically, through gaining knowledge and helping others, and extrinsically, through social and financial benefits. While increasing their expertise and social networks are strong motivators for continuing as volunteers, opportunities to generate income from seed sales and services also help sustain their motivation over time. The research recommends supporting volunteer farmers with ongoing training, market linkages, and recognition to maintain the success of the farmer-to-farmer extension approach.
1) Extension remains a key link between agricultural innovation and productivity gains for smallholder farmers but faces new challenges with the transformation of food systems and the emergence of private sector extension.
2) Extension policies and programs need to be tailored to countries' stages of agricultural development and transformation from agriculture-based to transformed economies.
3) Building the value case for extension requires assessing factors like relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability, impact and equity at the individual, organizational, and systems levels.
Kristin Davis, Guush Berhane, Catherine Mthinda, Ephraim Nkonya
WEBINAR
East Africa Perspectives on the Book: Agricultural Extension – Global Status and Performance in Selected Countries
OCT 28, 2020 - 03:30 PM TO 05:00 PM SAST
Summary of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) work on Linking Knowledge with Action. This research theme aims to identify ways to catalyze action from knowledge about long-term adaptation, climate risk management and low emissions agriculture so that we can achieve this global vision as quickly as possible.
Time for a step-change: The agricultural innovation and enterprise facility GCARD Conferences
This document discusses the need for increased investment in agricultural research and innovation systems. It makes the following key points:
1. Investment in agricultural R&D can increase productivity, sustainability, food security, ecosystem services, and economic growth. However, current investment levels are inadequate and need to triple.
2. A collective, coordinated approach is needed that strengthens national agricultural innovation systems, breaks down silos, attracts long-term sustainable investment, and ensures opportunities for women and youth.
3. An integrated agricultural innovation and enterprise facility is proposed to increase investments, catalyze collective actions to address national needs, and build capacity to transform research into development impact at scale.
Demand-Driven innovation in agriculture: Creating economic opportunity for sm...ICRISAT
This document summarizes David Bergvinson's presentation on demand-driven innovation in agriculture. It discusses how demand-driven innovation integrates farmer needs into product development. It highlights challenges like climate change and changing demographics that threaten food security. It provides examples of projects in India that achieved adoption at scale through participatory approaches and partnerships. The presentation argues that public-private-producer partnerships, mobile technologies, and open data can help accelerate demand-driven innovation to meet future global food demand in a sustainable way.
By: Suresh Babu
The structural adjustments of the 1980s and 1990s led to drastic fiscal cuts in financing of public extension systems causing their near collapse in many developing countries. Several new players tried to enter and fill the vacuum, including the private sector. Yet it is not clear how much and how well the private sector is able to fill the gap left by the dysfunctional public systems. This seminar is based on a recent book titled Knowledge Driven Development: Global Lessons from Private Extension (2015, Elsevier), a collection of case studies evaluating 10 private extension models in seven developing countries. The book assesses the functioning of private sector extension systems in various contextual settings. Common knowledge is that most private sector extension models are implemented for, and seem to work well for farmers selling high value commodities. But for staple commodity growers (such as cereal growers), with a small market surplus and little scope for contract farming, these systems may not be sustainable due to cost factors. Some of the case studies challenges this conventional wisdom. Lessons drawn from the cases could be important in giving direction to future development, research and policy on private extension systems. It is observed that private companies have created shared value for farmers across all cases. Integrated services provided as part of private extension programs were a major contributing factor for their success. Private extension programs also help in the effective use of technology for increasing farmer productivity. Additionally, they provide assured market access and price to contracted farmers, thereby reducing the uncertainty of demand to a great extent. Extension programs implemented by private companies lead to inclusive innovation by engaging farmers in development of technical and market solutions. They also reduce barriers to accessing quality inputs. Further, they tend to induce collective action amongst farmer groups, increasing solidarity. Private extension is demand driven, directly addresses information needs of contract farmers, and under certain conditions can fill the gap left by public extension systems in developing countries.
Agricultural Extension Systems Coalition White Paper ARIlyasAbdul Rahman Ilyas
The document discusses alternative models for agricultural extension in developing countries based on lessons from food system coalitions. It summarizes two case studies of food system coalitions in the US that brought together diverse stakeholders through a centralized coalition committee. This coalition approach integrated research, outreach, education, and advocacy to strengthen local food systems. The document proposes a similar systems coalition approach could transform agricultural extension from service delivery to enabling participation, knowledge dissemination, sustainability, and prosperity. By sharing synergies, such a coalition model may address challenges faced by conventional extension models in complex agricultural contexts.
From research outputs to development outcomes: Fostering innovation in pasto...ILRI
The document discusses fostering innovation in pastoralist systems through livestock development. It provides examples of the International Livestock Research Institute's (ILRI) work, including the Fodder Innovation Project in India and Nigeria. This project initially focused on technology transfer but evolved to build innovation capacity. The project worked with different partners in diverse livestock systems and contexts. This led to context-specific network building and emerging institutional arrangements. The document also discusses ILRI's approach to innovation systems and partnerships through projects like IPMS and smallholder dairy systems work in East Africa and South Asia.
Presentation - Connecting The Dots: Policy Innovations for Food Systems Trans...Malabo-Montpellier-Panel
This document summarizes the key findings from a report on policy innovations for food systems transformation in Africa. It discusses the challenges facing African food systems, including demographic changes, dietary shifts, climate impacts, and economic shocks. It also outlines opportunities like improved agriculture, technology, and infrastructure. The methodology section describes how the report selected case studies of Rwanda, Ghana, Morocco, and Malawi based on their performance on indicators for sustainable food systems and enabling environments. Each country case highlights national policies and programs that have driven progress in areas like coordination, investment, inclusion, and resilience. The recommendations call for taking a holistic food systems approach in policymaking through multisectoral coordination, innovation, monitoring and evaluation, long-
This document summarizes the agrobiodiversity retreats held by CIAT from 2010-2014. It discusses the challenges of feeding 9 billion people in the context of climate change. CIAT's core values are impact orientation, scientific integrity, and innovation. CIAT's research focuses on cassava, beans, rice, and Brachiaria grass to improve food security, nutrition, health, and sustainability. Key priorities are simplifying operations, scaling up successful products, and innovating. The 2014 retreat focused on adding value, capturing value through partnerships, and scaling up through defined product pipelines and regional targets. Addressing issues like individual work plans, metrics, data management and communications were identified as needs.
Extension strategies for rural upliftmentNishu Kanwar
This document discusses various approaches to agricultural extension that have been used in India, as well as emerging issues. It describes different extension approaches that have been tried, including community development, farming systems, integrated development, and training and visit. It also outlines emerging issues with the public, private and third sectors providing extension services. New challenges for extension include relevance of technologies to local conditions, lack of infrastructure and resources, and inadequate technical support. Future extension models need to be tailored to objectives, institutions and target populations.
Similar to Knowledge Exchange Strategies BMGF reviewed (upload) (20)
1) The document outlines steps for managing content for m-Agriculture platforms, including analyzing information needs, sourcing, localizing, ensuring quality, and obtaining feedback.
2) It identifies challenges such as determining information needs at scale, limitations of SMS/voice formats, sourcing dispersed content, ensuring local relevance and quality, and obtaining sufficient feedback.
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The document discusses potential areas of collaboration between the International Livestock Research Institute and agricultural universities in India to address the changing environment and needs of agricultural education. The Institute works with over 700 staff worldwide and has a focus on Asia and India, seeking partnerships to build capacity through graduate programs, curriculum design, faculty exchange, and joint research projects in a demand-driven, win-win approach.
BASIX Krishi Samruddhi Ltd (BASIX Krishi) provides agricultural services to farmers in India. It was created in 2010 to expand services offered by BASIX's Ag/BDS strategic business unit, which served over 0.7 million farmers between 2006-2009. BASIX Krishi has grown from 9 branches in 2011 to over 450 branches in 2016, serving over 6.9 million customers. It offers crop management, dairy, poultry, and livestock services to improve yields, reduce costs, and mitigate risks for farmers.
This document discusses producer organizations and collective action in agriculture. It covers the history of cooperation among smallholder farmers and the different forms it has taken over time. Some key challenges discussed include asymmetric market power relationships, unequal access to resources, and the failure of public extension services. The document also examines opportunities for strengthening producer organizations through alliances with private sector buyers and participation in value chains. It emphasizes that organization is key for small producers to engage with formal markets. Lastly, it outlines lessons learned and conditions needed for sustainable small producer organizations.
The document discusses content management processes in selected m-Agriculture (mobile agriculture) initiatives in India. It summarizes three case studies of m-Agriculture initiatives - Reuters Market Light, IFFCO Kisan Sanchar Limited, and Lifelines. All three initiatives identified farmer information needs through surveys. They sourced content from experts, databases, and organizations. Content was localized and adapted to format/language for farmers. Feedback was obtained through surveys. Key challenges included limiting formats, sourcing experts, regulating access, validating local/quality of content, and evaluating feedback. The initiatives demonstrated potential for disseminating information and connecting experts/farmers at scale through customization and use of different media on mobile platforms.
This document summarizes a workshop on knowledge management for enhancing livestock livelihoods in Northeast India. It discusses the context of growing livestock sectors providing risk mitigation and women's empowerment. It also describes a partnership between TATA, ILRI, and organizations to conduct applied research, testing, and capacity building to facilitate knowledge sharing and exchange toward strengthening livestock-based livelihoods in the region. The document presents frameworks for the knowledge ladder and a common framework to guide knowledge management actions centered around results and learning.
The document discusses an approach used in India called the Gopal model. The key points are:
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2. The model was initially implemented and supported by a project but faced sustainability issues. It was redesigned to address these by having Gopals appointed and paid directly by village governments, providing training, and promoting payment for services by livestock owners.
3. Testing of the new model in one district was successful and it was then scaled up. Key lessons learned include the need for strong
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2) Feed and fodder supply - DCS help address the major problem of feed availability by procuring and supplying cattle feed to members at subsidized rates.
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1) The document summarizes a project in Northeast India that promotes pig rearing as an alternative livelihood for flood-affected families.
2) The project organizes women into self-help groups, provides training and piglets, and connects them to veterinary services and local markets.
3) Over 10 years, the project has strengthened over 120 self-help groups, supported over 24,000 pigs across 26 villages, and increased average family incomes from pig rearing to 60% of their total incomes.
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This document summarizes an experiential framework for a livestock knowledge service delivery model in Northeast India. The model aimed to enhance livelihoods of dairy farmers through improved pig rearing practices. Key points:
1) The model was a partnership between FARMER, a non-profit organization, and local dairy farmers to provide veterinary and production services.
2) Services included awareness building, capacity development, input supply, management advice, and marketing support.
3) While the model stimulated mindset changes and improved practices, it faced challenges of financial viability, competition, and community resistance and was eventually discontinued.
4) Lessons included the need for market assessment, value chain analysis, prior
The document summarizes the work of NEPED, an organization working to empower communities in Nagaland through economic development. Over three phases from 1995-2011, NEPED worked with over 1000 villages. It facilitated access to financial resources, technical training, and markets through a revolving loan fund managed by village councils and women's self-help groups. Key achievements included empowering communities through participation, providing income opportunities, and reinforcing self-sufficiency. Ongoing challenges included coordination between groups, documentation, and supporting farmers during disasters. Lessons highlighted the importance of empowering local institutions and using flexible, participatory approaches.
The document outlines a small-holder poultry farming model to help poor families participate in and benefit from the growing poultry industry in India. It describes organizing small farmers into cooperatives for shared access to inputs, technical support, and marketing. Individual farmers raise 400-700 birds and can earn Rs. 15,000-20,000 annually. The model has demonstrated success in increasing incomes and has potential for further scale and impact.
3. The problem of adoption is a puzzle far from being
solved.
June 2014 Review 2013 Pier Paolo Ficarelli | 3
4. Good agricultural technologies exist, but they are not
universally adopted.
Up to 50% of recent yield growth comes from improved varieties. The remaining
50% is from other sources: irrigation, transport infrastructure, policy reform,
human health and Agricultural EXTENSION.
Source: ATAI presentation 3/2012; World Bank (2008) World Development Report, Agriculture for Development [data from http://stats.fao.org]
Western Europe
and North
America
East Asia and
Pacific
Latin America
South Asia
Sub-Saharan
Africa
5. [AgDev Strategy Refresh Memo I, 2011]
Yield gaps show the immediate opportunity for farmers to
increase productivity using improved technologies.
June 2014 Review 2013 Pier Paolo Ficarelli | 5
7. “[Impacts] vary widely – many programs have been highly effective,
while others have not.” (Anderson & Feder 2007)
“[Rigorous] impact evaluations of agricultural extension interventions
are less common.” (Waddington et al. 2010)
Unknowns, with questions specific to Value Chains:
What are the most cost-effective ways to increase adoption?
Are incentive mechanisms required for adoption? For whom?
Is there a critical mass of adoption that leads to scale?
How do adoption patterns differ by geography, farmer typology and VC?
Do Self- help groups or CBOs facilitate wide-spread adoption?
Does adoption necessarily lead to yield and income change outcomes?
There are many “known unknowns”.
2013 Pier Paolo Ficarelli | 7
8. Knowledge Exchange Focus
Explore, evaluate, and disseminate
cost- effective models of extension
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9. KE contributions to sustained productivity
Knowledge dissemination
− Science-based, practical, farmer know-how or their
combination to overcome “information failure”
Trust in the source of knowledge
− Difficult without human intermediation
Repeat Engagement
− Farmers often require repeated engagement
before adopting, or continuing to adopt.
[Learnings from grantees: CKW, Farm Radio, DG, ATAI.]
Interactive Radio
Digital Green
Localized Video-enabled extension
Change agent-mediated
Broadcasting
Knowledge (reach)
Narrowcasting
Knowledge
(behavioral change)
Knowledge Exchange is more than Broadcasting
Information.
Mobile (m-Agri)
Farmer Helplines
ModelContinuum
2013 Pier Paolo Ficarelli | 9
Agri-inputs bundled
10. In first 8 months, adoption of
improved practices increased the
incomes of farmers by an average
of $242 (50%)..
[From Digital Green presentation (2011)]
ICT-enabled models can have big impact.
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11. Alternatives to public extension service are necessary
to increase smallholder farmer reach.
June 2014 Review 2013 Pier Paolo Ficarelli | 11
Source: Ferroni and Zhou (2011) Birner and Anderson (2007), adapted from Anderson and Feder (2004), Birner et al. (2006), and Rivera (1996)
12. Cost –effectiveness, farmer coverage and adoption are
extension transformation priorities.
Knowledge Exchange priority interventions:
Strategic support to National Extension Systems to
manage different extension approaches for high and low
potential areas
Creating incentives for private sector extension delivery in high potential areas
Engaging farmer-based organizations and NGOs as extension providers in low-
potential areas
Learning on success and failure factors for envisioning new extension systems
Leveraging national level partnerships to pre-scale cost –
effective extension models
Scaling specific ICT – enabled models with consistent track records of low cost per
adoption
Continued experimentation and innovation with video, radio and mobile models
Partnerships with private for-profit and non-profit actors for extension provision
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13. New seed variety New Extension Models
“Slogging”
Technology&Research
Exploration
Evaluation
Scaled Impact
innovation; diagnosis;
literature review; pilot
projects; segmentation;
etc.
Experimental trials;
impact assessment;
modeling; cost-
effectiveness analysis;
etc.
Piloting new models
together with National Ag
Extension Systems
Capacity building of Ag
National systems
Scaled engagement with
farmers;
Knowledge Exchange operates in analogy to Value Chains.
Catalytic Investments
14. Model research
Which models work best and under what conditions?
How cost-effective and scalable are they?
Scaling
How to scale out models in a given country?
How to scale up models through National partnerships?
Adoption research
What are the settings for ICT substitution of face- to – face interactions
What are the incentives influencing adoption of Ag. technologies?
Scaling
What are the factors accelerating/inhibiting widespread adoption?
What are proxy indicators for future wide-spread adoption?
Generating evidence through data-driven experimentation
and pilot implementation of innovative extension models.
ValueAddedtoValueChains
2013 Pier Paolo Ficarelli | 14June 2014 Review
15. Extension in Ag Value Chains
How Knowledge Exchange can
Increase Impact of Value Chains?
June 2014, Review 2013 Pier Paolo Ficarelli | 15
16. Direct investments
• Expanding range and scaling of ICT- enabled extension models
Develop sustainable Ag. content management platforms capturing
farmer feedback
• Implement research on:
− entrepreneurial models of extension linked to input provision and marketing
services
− incentives approaches for improving public extension delivery
− information dissemination and farmer innovation “frictions”
Collaborative investments
• Establishing national learning fora for the transformation of extension
• Embedding new extension models in crop and livestock value chains
• Explorations of Value Chain-specific extension approaches for specific
crops, livestock, IPM, new seed varieties dissemination
• Integration of family health and nutrition content for women farmers
Two way support to Integrated Value Chains.
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17. Pier Paolo Ficarelli | 17
Investments made
in agricultural
knowledge /
technology
Farmer adapts
knowledge, and
provide
feedback
Productivity of
farm increases
Farmer household
income and
nutrition levels
improve
Knowledge
Exchange
strengthens
this critical link
Effective KE incorporates farmer feedback
and improves farmer incomes
Research indicates potential for ~60% yield
increases with access to effective KE by
smallholders1
Smallholder food crop yields
With access to relevant, timely extension services
Without extension (baseline = 100%)
160%
Romani, Mattia 2003, “Impact of extension services in times of crisis: Cote d’Ivoire
(1997-2000)”, CSAE WPS/2003-07
Good KE gets farmer feedback “for free” to VCs.
18. Summary
Pier Paolo Ficarelli | 18
The Problem: Large-scale adoption of good agricultural technologies
remains an on-going challenge in the developing world
Knowledge Exchange Focus: Explore, evaluate, and disseminate
good extension models
KE for VCs:
• Work across VCs to strengthen KE and improve adoption
• Explore and evaluate VC-specific KE approaches
• Partner in focus geographies to increase VC adoption beyond VC
grants.
Spread (scale) of farmer technology uptake depends on geographical area and type of technology. It also depends on farmer type, agricultural eco- zoning, ethnic groups, gender, complexity & risk of a technology.
Yet, the focus here is on established “good technologies”, which have UNIVERSAL valence.
The holy grail of achieving large-scale adoption of agricultural innovations among the majority of resource poor farmers has taken many forms through development history. From T&V to farmer- field schools. None has proven to last and being effective at a scale, even if each of them have shown temporary or pockets of context-related success.
Difficult to formulate a clear cut advice for IVCTs on how to tackle this challenge, beyond quick fixes (e.g. posters and leaflets, training manuals, use of mass media for marketing the technology etc.)
Nevertheless, there are several well “known knowns”..
The first “known known”:
This graph was from an Poverty Action Lab ATAI presentation (and ultimately from a World Bank source). It also shows how there is a big yield gap between developed world and developing world.
50% of increase of yield growth largely depend from new variety improvement for productivity and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.
Good agricultural technologies: a) with demonstrated productivity gains >50% b) relevant to farmers in different country agro- eco-zone c) in line with GAP standards
Examples of good technologies with demonstrated productivity gains:
Efficient and timely fertilizer application, sowing of improved seed varieties, organic composting, reduced use of pesticides (IPM) and reduced
tillage planting techniques.
The second “known known”
This diagram is drawn from the AgDev Strategy Refresh Memo of 2011. It just shows one set of examples, but there is a very high yield gap in Sub-Saharan Africa , despite the existence of good seeds.
Yet, yield gaps for food security crops (up to 200- 400% increase potential for sorghum millet and maize) show clearly the opportunity of increasing productivity by just adopting or adapting already “existing technologies and varieties”
Effective delivery of extension/KE services create the enabling environment where small-holder farmers can access and adopt beneficial agricultural technologies at scale to narrow the large yield gap. KE can also engage farmers to provide feedback to research, during R&D investments for the development of new technologies.
This is a well “known known”In Malawi only 18% of farmers have had more than one contact with an Agricultural Extension Officer (
There is a great need to have more cost-effective KE models scalable through public National Agricultural Systems (also viable and scalable business models of “private” delivery KE delivery difficult to be achieved for, without public financing
There is a great scope for making use of fellow farmers as extension agents as cost- effective and scalable mechanism of extension (difference between progressive farmers and peer farmers! see Yale study (http://ssrn.com/abstract=2315229 )
There is scope to use input dealers as a vehicle for extension delivery (need for public control mechanisms to avoid biased advice)
There is a need of reaching the majority of farmer through radio and mobile with Universal good agricultural technologies.
There is lack of evidence and data from rigorous research because of: a) lack of methodology dealing with complexity b) cost of RCT c) no systematic ways to harvest farmer feedbacks.
Swanson, B. E. and R. Rajalahti. (2010) Strengthening Agricultural Extension and Advisory Systems: Procedures for Assessing, Transforming, and Evaluating
Extension Systems. Agriculture and Rural Development Discussion Paper 45. The World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTARD/Resources/Stren_combined_web.pdf
Anderson, J. R. and G. Feder. (2007) Handbook of Agricultural Economics. Agricultural Extension. 3: 2343-2378.
Waddington, H., B. Snilstvedt, H. White, J. Anderson (2010) The Impact of Agriculture Extension Services: Protocol, 3ie Synthetic Reviews – SR009. http://www.3ieimpact.org/admin/pdfs_synthetic/009%20Protocol.pdf
The Foundation has in the past five years a number of KE strategies have already identified strategic intervention strategies (Steiner2008:2009, Kentaro Toyama 2012, Witt, 2013, Steiner 2013)
The KE new strategy 2014, builds on this body of knowledge and offer increased focus in service to crop value chains and sustained productivity goals per Ag TOC.
About 30% of all AgDEV grants in 2011 had some last mile KE component
Good KE Models: 1. Cost Effective 2. ICT integration for content mgt. 3. Collecting real time feed-back 4. Facilitating interaction at village level (last-mile)
Impact Research & Data
Mainstreaming toolkits
Innovation & Extension Model
Farmer organizations and networks
ICT & Advocacy as crosscutting
Scaling through partnerships with country national Ag systems
Steiner, 2008
Internal consulting
Research on models (exploration, evaluation, etc.)
Diagnosis in anchor countries
Advocacy for KE
Shared grant making
Vertical, integrated support in anchor countries
Global community building around KE
Toyama, Interim strategy and 3 top priority, 2012
Effective adoption of best practices and inputs requires a new farmer-centric R&D – Knowledge Exchange paradigm
Provides real-time, appropriate and context-specific information
Is scalable at low cost due to mass customization
Can be holistic with integration of multiple information streams
Empowers extension workers and farmers due to interactivity
Witt, 2013
Deep understanding of smallholders and their trusted knowledge networks
Drive scale by dramatically lowering the cost of extension services
Exponentially increase access to quality extension content
Catalyze continuous improvement and learning networks
Steiner, 2013
Good KE Models:
In red are BMGF investments that are not managed by the KE POs but that have a great relevance in disseminating information and facilitate repeated interactions with farmers.
These models have to be adapted and integrated for different information needs/specific focus in different Crop & Livestock Value Chains and scaled thorough Country National Programs e.g. ATA, ADD, NRLM.
Broadcast: Limited farmer engagement
Narrowcast: Frequent farmer engagement and farmer groups organization support
KE Role –
Identify and spread cost-effective models in support of VCs with different farmer engagement intensity and
Action-research on models and adoption as added value to crop & livestock Value Chains.
Direct investments= as functional technical unit (11%)
Collaborative investments= together with specific VC POs and/other units e.g. MLE, data or with PO within the same unit.
VC specific KE approaches
Examples:
Improved seeds: mother and baby trials, Valuation Evaluation Observation trials as marketing strategy for seed entrepreneurs
Agronomy adaptations: ICT supported models for soil fertility (e.g. e-Koutir).
Livestock: Delivery of extension for dairy cooperatives, village poultry vaccinations and AI inseminators.
Ag. content management: Collaboration for global, national and local mechanisms of content provision and dissemination relevant to farmers, including digital solutions.
Feedback mechanisms on content and technologies have always been a core function of extension. Historically, extension has been of pivotal importance for adoption of mechanization in agriculture in the US too. The repeated interaction between tractor and implement manufacturers and farmers is what has been reported to be a key success factor in the adoption of mechanized agriculture in the US. “Extension provided training, advocacy, links between researchers and companies and farmers, experimentation”
There is also an important time factor in considering large scale adoption of a technology.
Farm tractors in the US
–1930: 920,000
–1940: 1,567,000
–1950: 3,394,000
–1960: 4,688,000
There was also significant levels of public support spending.
(Paul McNamara, University of Illinois at Urbana, Nov. 2013, “Scaling the Uptake of Agricultural Innovations: The Role of Sustainable Extension and Advisory Services” USAID, Washington DC.)
It is important to learn and absorb lessons on how to increase adoption of basic Ag technologies by poor resource farmers and get real time feedback about their value, in order to bring about the desired changes described in the Ag strategy TOC.
Key messages:
KE isn’t just information input. Trust and repeated engagement are also critical (these elements tend to require human intermediaries).
KE is about research on cost-effective models (exploration and evaluation), and about doing the catalytic part of scaled impact.
KE’s work directly contribute to VCs without competing or substituting for what they’re already doing i.e. add to the VC metrics.
For example, let’s say the PO who owns Superwheat X is already spending $Y million on private-sector extension workers to sell Superwheat X to farmers in Ethiopia, so that 100,000 farmers will generate Z tons of Superwheat X in 2015. What KE might do (just an example), is to use DG in Ethiopia to influence an additional 10,000 farmers to grow W tons of Superwheat X in 2015. This is just an example, but the idea is that we would add to VC goals, not substitute their KE parts for them (unless they want that).
KE is in the business of “pipes and plumbing”, the critical conduit reaching directly farmers, which means KE is agnostic about the content flowing through the pipes. That allows KE to align with VC goals, to supplement them without competing on other competency area and/or PO experiences.
Scaling Technologies:
Is 20% valid in the agriculture? Does it differ in relation to crops (cash versus food crops?)
Institutional base of extension and inputs and complementary services and supportive policy
Many components of a functioning Ag Innovation System
Repeated engagement rather than one-time push
Longish time scale of major agricultural innovations
Farmers and their assets
Green revolution targeted best regions for irrigated rice and for wheat production (not more difficult rain-fed uplands and more marginal zones)
US agric productivity built on base of literate farm population, secure property rights, functioning cooperatives, access to credit, commercial agribusiness involvement and investment, infrastructure, substantial public funding