1) The document discusses trends and challenges in the emerging field of the Internet of Things (IoT), which connects physical objects through internet connectivity and sensors. 2) Key enabling technologies for IoT include RFID, NFC, barcodes, QR codes, IPv6, and Bluetooth Smart devices. 3) Major issues in implementing IoT on a large scale involve lack of standardization, managing the huge number of connected devices, ensuring real-time performance, and addressing privacy and security threats posed by interconnected devices.

1. Trends and challenges
in the dawn of
Internet of Things Era
ALEXANDRU IOVANOVICI
POLITEHNICA UNIVERSITY OF TIMISOARA
ADVANCED COMPUTING SYSTEMS AND ARCHITECTURES LABORATORY

2.  Songdo, South Korea
 first of its kind fully equipped and wired smart city
 $40 billion in 10 years;

3. What is IoT ?
 uniquely identifiable objects and their virtual representations in an
Internet-like structure [Ashton99]
 “[…] the expanding interconnectedness of smart devices, ranging
from sensors in your shoe to jet engine monitors” [BusinessWeek]
 Each object can be connected via other objects (usually via third
party) to exchange data.
 Roots in the M2M.
The third age of the Internet

4. State of IoT

5. What do we need ?
Key enabling technologies
 RFID
 NFC
 Barcodes
 2D codes: QR … or the more obscure ones: Aztec, Data Matrix, HCCB, PDF417
 Digital watermarking: adding auth. data to a “signal”;
 IPv6: there would be more IP addresses available than things.
“Every screen variant, mobile chip, and sensor known to man has been tuned to
work with Android” – [Jim Zemlin, Linux Foundation]

6. IoT @ Google

7. Bluetooth Smart (Low
Energy)
“Where as classic
Bluetooth devices measure
their battery life in hours,
Bluetooth Smart devices
measure their battery in
months or even years”
- proximity detection
- vitals monitoring

8. Implementation … issues
 Lack of standardization;
 Size: it’s going to be huge. From 50 to 100 trillion of moving things
[Waldner 2007];
 Time constraints: “extremely hard real-time system”: billion of
simultaneous events.
 Position tracking: things have to know their neighbors and interact
to them.
 The shear quantity of data is way above what we can process
now … or not !?

9. Internet of Isolated Things
 Systems running on a smaller scale: size and area;
 Informationally isolated to the “big IoT”  private networks;
 Such as:
 Home automation;
 Industrial control;
 Safety critical systems.

10. Hard stuff -;)
 Bluetooth via Amarino
 Android IOIO

11. Indoor location
iBeacon
 Indoor spaces lack GPS and have poor GSM location;
 “technology revolution that will rival the invention of the mouse and the graphical
user interface […]” [smh.com.au, ]
 “Developers scramble to build services on top of beacons, analytics on top of
services, and brilliant user experiences and strategy at the top of the pyramid.”
[beekn.net]
http://estimote.com/

12. iBeacon technology
 Bluetooth 4.0 (LE)
 Geofencing  three zones
 Immediate: cm range (like NFC);
 Near: a few meters
 Far: more than 10 m
 Micro-location awareness
 “Apple iBeacons: With great power comes great potential to
annoy” [ZDNet]
 iOS 7.1 : iBeacon is “opt-out” instead of “opt-in”
 Beacons only transmit data  apps. track people

13. πBeacon
 A Raspberry Pi
 A Bluetooth 4.0 USB Module: compatible BlueZ
 A iOS 7.0 + Beacon Toolkit App Store to test with
• goo.gl/W7a16C
• http://www.bluez.org/
• Radius Networks' Android iBeacon Service library

14. Industrial IoT - IIoT
 Echelon  IzoT;
 Ex:
 variable-speed compressor technology;
 25–35% efficiency boost (Emerson)
 Connect Nest with building scale air conditioning
 1979 Modbus !!!
 grid stabilization services
 16$ billion market (vcharge-energy.com)
 Automatic control of all devices during peak demands in the
grid;
 “The Internet of Everything for cities” [CISCO, 2013] Weishaupt,
200,000 BTU/hr  37,000,000 BTU/hr

15. Threats
 “internet of things holds
promises but it also holds
dangers” [Rob van Kraneburg,
2011]
 “the intelligence community
views Internet of Things as a rich
source of data” [Ackerman, 2012]

16. Powered by Android ;-)