The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of physical objects embedded with electronics, software, and sensors that allows them to connect, collect, and exchange data. IoT enables objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, improving efficiency and economic benefit. Examples of connected devices include heart monitors, farm animal trackers, smart cars, and environmental sensors. These devices collect and share data using technologies like RFID, sensors, and networking. Major challenges to IoT adoption include issues with scalability, security, standardization, and software complexity, but solutions are being developed to address these challenges. Projections suggest IoT will have a $11 trillion economic impact by 2025 with 100 billion connected devices.

2. INTRODUCTION
• The Internet of Things (IOT) is the network of physical objects
or "things" embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and
network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect
and exchange data.
• IOT allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely
across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities
for more direct integration between the physical world and
computer-based systems, and resulting in improved
efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit.

3. • "Things," in the IOT sense, can refer to a wide variety of
devices such as heart monitoring implants, biochip
transponders on farm animals, electric clams in coastal
waters, automobiles with built-in sensors, DNA analysis
devices for environmental/food/pathogen monitoring or
field operation devices that assist fire-fighters in search and
rescue operations.
• These devices collect useful data with the help of various
existing technologies and then autonomously flow the data
between other devices.

4. HISTORY
• The concept of the Internet of Things first became popular in
1999, through the Auto-ID Center at MIT and related
market-analysis publications.
• The term "The Internet of Things" was coined by Kevin
Ashton in a presentation. Ashton is a co-founder of MIT's
Auto-ID Lab.

5. DEFINITION OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
• “Things are active participants in business, information and
social processes where they are enabled to interact and
communicate among themselves and with the environment
by exchanging data and information sensed about the
environment, while reacting autonomously to the
real/physical world events and influencing it by running
processes that trigger actions and create services with or
without direct human intervention.”
— Cluster of European research projects on the Internet

6. • “The Internet of Things represents an evolution in which
objects are capable of interacting with other objects.
Hospitals can monitor and regulate pacemakers long
distance, factories can automatically address production line
issues and hotels can adjust temperature and lighting
according to a guest's preferences, to name just a few
examples.”
– IBM

7. ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET OF THINGS
Architecture of internet of Things contains
basically 4 layers:
• Application Layer
• Gateway and the network layer
• Management Service layer
• Sensor layer

8. HOW IOT WORKS?
• The Internet of Things (IOT), also sometimes referred to as
the Internet of Everything (IOE), consists of all the web-
enabled devices that collect, send and act on data they
acquire from their surrounding environments using
embedded sensors, processors and communication
hardware.
• These devices, often called "connected" or "smart" devices,
can sometimes talk to other related devices, a process called
machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, and act on the
information they get from one another.

9. • Humans can interact with the gadgets to set them up, give
them instructions or access the data, but the devices do
most of the work on their own without human intervention.
• Their existence has been made possible by all the tiny
mobile components that are available these days, as well as
the always online nature of our home and business networks.

10. • RFID - To identify and track the data of things
• Sensor - To collect and process the data to detect the
changes in the physical status of things
• Smart Tech - To enhance the power of the network by
devolving processing capabilities to different part of the
network.
• Nano Tech - To make the smaller and smaller things have
the ability to connect and interact.

11. COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IOT
• Bluetooth
• ZigBee
• Z-Wave
• NFC (Near-Field Communication)
• RFID
• Wi-Fi
• 2G/3G/LTE
• Wibro/Mobile WiMAX
• PLC (Power Line
Communication)
• Ethernet

12. THE STRUCTURE OF IOT
The IOT can be viewed as a gigantic network consisting of
networks of devices and computers connected through a
series of intermediate technologies where numerous
technologies like RFIDs, wireless connections may act as
enablers of this connectivity.

13. • Tagging Things : Real-time item traceability and
addressability by RFIDs.
• Feeling Things : Sensors act as primary devices to collect
data from the environment.
• Shrinking Things : Miniaturization and Nanotechnology has
provoked the ability of smaller things to interact and connect
within the “things” or “smart devices.”
• Thinking Things : Embedded intelligence in devices through
sensors has formed the network connection to the Internet. It
can make the “things” realizing the intelligent control.

14. FUTURE PROSPECT OF IOT

15. WHAT IS THE SCOPE OF IOT ?
• Internet of Things can connect devices embedded in various
systems to the internet.
• When devices/objects can represent themselves digitally,
they can be controlled from anywhere.
• The connectivity then helps us capture more data from more
places, ensuring more ways of increasing efficiency.

16. CORPORATE ASPECT
• IOT is a transformational force that can help companies
improve performance through IOT analytics and IOT Security
to deliver better results.
• Businesses in the utilities, oil & gas, insurance,
manufacturing, transportation, infrastructure and retail
sectors can reap the benefits of IOT by making more
informed decisions, aided by the torrent of interactional and
transactional data at their disposal.

17. HOW CAN IOT HELP?
• IOT platforms can help organizations reduce cost through
improved process efficiency, asset utilization and
productivity.
• The growth and convergence of data, processes and things
on the internet would make such connections more relevant
and important, creating more opportunities for people,
businesses and industries.

18. APPLICATIONS OF IOT?
• Building and Home
automation
• Manufacturing
• Medical and Healthcare
systems
• Media
• Environmental monitoring

19. • Infrastructure management
• Energy management
• Transportation

21. CHALLENGES FACED BY IOT
At present IOT is faced with many
challenges, like
• Scalability
• Security
• Technical requirements
• Technological standardization
• Software complexity

22. SOLUTIONS TO THE CHALLENGES
Several solutions are proposed to overcome the problems.
Some of them are
• Overcoming compatibility issues is a significant IOT hurdle,
but emerging companies are starting to enable increased
interoperability through open-source development.
• Governments and industry bodies need to set standards and
regulations for the various industries to ensure that data is
not misused.
• IOT needs strong authentication methods, encrypted data
and a platform that can track irregularities on a network.

23. FUTURE OF INTERNET OF THINGS
• According to the Pew Research Centre, “By 2025, there will
be a global, immersive, invisible, ambient networked
computing environment built through the continued
proliferation of smart sensors, cameras, software, databases,
and massive data centres in a world-spanning information
fabric known as the Internet of Things."
• Pew Research Centre released this statement after the
detailed overview which was based on the thoughts of the
almost 1600 technology experts and IOT experts. So, by
2025 Internet of Things and wearable tech will start to play a
major impact globally. Obviously our daily life will also
affected by this revolutions of Internet of Things. It means

24. But, some impacts of IOT we can see soon in near future. Lets
check out that type of devices.
• Smart Couches - How will you feel when your couch heats
up so that you have a warm place to sit down and the same
concept applies to the dining chairs.
• Smart Fridges - Imagine if your fridge could analyse what is
in it, and then build you a shopping list based on your
previous food-buying habits. or even order the groceries for
delivery on its own or if it could sense when you're going to
be home from the GPS signal on your phone and put a frozen
pizza in the oven through a little door in the side.

25. • Smart Cars - Imagine a car that can sense when you are
about to exit the mall and drive up to the curb with heated
seats and music playing, to pick you up.
• Smart Plates, Bowls and Cups - Smart plates, bowls and
cups will help to improve diets and make waves in the health
system as well. These are able to track what we're eating? It
surely cheap your health insurance.
• Smart Toothbrushes - One day, our toothbrushes will be
able to detect the healthiness of your teeth, telling the user
when it is time to go to the dentist. Even it will go one step
further with some more extra ordinary features.

26. EXAMPLES OF IOT

27. CONCLUSION
• Projections for the impact of IOT on the Internet and
economy are impressive, with some anticipating as many as
100 billion connected IOT devices and a global economic
impact of more than $11 trillion by 2025.
• The potential economic impact of IOT is huge, but the
journey to IOT adoption is not a seamless one. There are
many challenges that face companies looking to implement
IOT solutions. However, the risks and disadvantages
associated with IOT can be overcome.

28. REFERENCES
• https://www.nebula.co.za/2016/11/11/iot/
• https://www.internetsociety.org/doc/iot-
overview
• http://www.happiestminds.com/Insights/internet
-of-things/
• http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/internet_of_t
hings.html
• https://www.sap.com/india/solution/internet-
of-things.html

30. Any
Queries?