Doppler effect lo
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The document discusses the Doppler effect, which describes how the observed frequency of a wave (such as sound) is different when the source of the wave and the observer are in relative motion. Specifically: - It is named after Christian Doppler, who first described the phenomenon in the 19th century. - The frequency observed is higher if the source and observer are moving towards each other, and lower if they are moving away from each other. - An equation is provided to calculate the observed frequency based on the source frequency, the speed of the source and observer, and the speed of sound. - An example problem demonstrates using the equation to calculate the source frequency of a train whistle based on the observed frequency
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The Doppler Effect
The Doppler effect describes how the frequency of a wave (such as sound) is perceived by an observer who is moving relative to the source of the wave. When an ambulance approaches with its siren on, the observer hears a higher pitch tone due to compression of the sound waves. As the ambulance passes and moves away, the observer hears a lower pitch tone due to expansion of the sound waves. The Doppler effect can be calculated using an equation that takes into account the velocity of sound, velocity of the source, and velocity of the receiver.
The Doppler effect
The document discusses the Doppler effect, which describes how the observed frequency of a wave is different depending on whether the source of the wave is moving towards or away from the observer. It provides the Doppler equation, explains key terms, and gives examples of how to apply the equation to calculate observed frequencies. It also addresses how the Doppler effect causes stars moving towards Earth to appear bluer due to their higher observed frequencies.
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The Doppler effect describes how the observed pitch of a sound changes as the source of the sound and the observer move relative to each other. If the source and observer are approaching each other, the observed frequency is higher than the actual emitted frequency. If they are moving away from each other, the observed frequency is lower. This change in observed frequency occurs because the wavelength of sound waves is compressed when the source and observer approach, increasing frequency, and stretched when they recede, decreasing frequency.
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The Doppler effect is a change in the observed frequency of a wave due to relative motion between the source and observer. There are three cases: when the source is moving and the observer is stationary, when the observer is moving and the source is stationary, and when both are moving. The direction and speed of motion determines whether the observed frequency is higher or lower compared to the actual frequency.
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So the frequency depends on:
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You could change the pitch by:
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So different instruments with the same note have the same frequency but different timbres due to differences in their resonating structures exciting different harmonics.
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Doppler effect lo
- 2. + Background Doppler Effect is named after Austrian Physicist Christian Doppler (1803- 1853)
- 3. + What is it? Imagine standing on the side of the road and watching cars go by You’ll notice that as the car is approaching, the frequency of the noise generated is higher and as it passes by, it shifts to a lower frequency This is the phenomenon known as the Doppler Effect If there is relative motion between the source of the sound and the receiver of the sound, the frequency at the receiver is different from the frequency that is transmitted If the two are moving toward each other, the received frequency is higher, and if they are moving apart the received frequency is lower
- 4. + Key equation f(0) is the frequency at the source and f’ is the frequency at the receiver.
- 5. + The above equation allows for consideration of all 3 scenarios: Stationary source, moving receiver Stationary receiver, moving source Moving source and receiver There is a ± in the numerator and a in the denominator because if the receiver is moving toward the source, we observe an increased frequency and use the top sign in the numerator. If the source is moving toward the receiver we also observe an increase in the frequency and use the top sign in the denominator In both cases, if the motion is toward, we use the top sign Basically the signs are there because the equation accommodates all 3 scenarios
- 6. + Check Your Understanding Japan has high speed bullet trains also known as Shinkansen trains can travel up to 320km/hr. If the frequency perceived by someone standing at the train station is 872 Hz as the train approaches the station, what is the frequency of the whistle on the train?
- 7. + What do we know? Speed of train: 320km/hr The person (receiver) is stationary thus the speed is zero The speed of the sound (medium: air) is approximately 343m/s The frequency of the receiver is 872 Hz Solve for frequency of source
- 8. + Solution 1. Convert km/hr m/s 2. 320km/hr 88.9m/s 3. Plug everything into formula to get
- 9. + Answer 645.99 Thus the frequency of the train whistle is 646.0 Hz