This document discusses the key elements and types of attention. It defines attention as a selective perception that is directed towards certain stimuli. The main elements discussed are selectivity and attraction, altering attention, divided attention, fluctuation of attention, focused attention, sustainability of attention, and distraction. It also discusses factors that influence attention, both internal factors like intelligence and emotional state, and external factors like stimulus intensity and repetition. The document also briefly mentions types of attention like active and passive attention, as well as fields of attention and disorders of attention.

1. ATTENTION

2. DEF.
• It is a relatively sustained selective perception
• It is the direction & concentration of perception towards selected stimuli

3. ELEMENTS OF ATTENTION.
• Selectivity and attraction
• Altering attention
• Divided attention
• Fluctuation of attention
• Sustainability of attention
• Focused attention
• Distraction

4. 1.SELECTIVITY&ATTRACTION
• Many stimuli are competing for our attention
factors which give advantage to one stimulus over others
• External factors
1. Intensity of stimulus . Strong stimulus more attractive than weak
2. Repetion of stimulus : repeated sound more attractive than single
3. Changeability
4. Contrast
5. Unfamiliarity
6. Combination of sensory stimuli
7. Combination of factors

5. • INTERNAL FACTORS
1. Permanent factors 2. temporal factors
• Intellagence - physical state: ill person is less attentive
• Sensory fitness -emotional state : depression decrease attention
• Habit of perfection in attention -set; special preparedness directs attention
• towards certain stimuli

6. 2.ALTERING ATTENTION
• Factors responsible for shifting between stimuli
1. Spontaneity
2. Exploring
3. Monotony
4. Fatigue
5. satisfaction

7. 3.DIVIDED ATTENTION
• It requires pertaining out attentional resources at the same time rather than switching
back and forth

8. 4.FLUCTUATION :
• Quantitave shift in the resonse to the same stimulus

9. 5.FOCUSED ATTENTION :
• The ability to respond and pick out the important elements from
the background

10. 6.SUSTAINABILITY:
• It is the contrary to shifting and distraction this refers to the ability to maintain aconsistent
• Behavioral response during reprtitive activity

11. FACTORS THAT HELP SUSTAINABILITY
• Interest
• Curiosity
• Punishment and praise

12. 7.DISTRACTION
• it is the negative aspect of attention
• It depend on external factors as flash of light or internal factors as preocupation with
certain idea or prrsestant somatic pain
• How to eliminate distraction
• Elimination of distracting stimuli
• Putting extra effort in attending to the original task
• Negative adaptation

14. TYPES OF ATTENTION
• Active attention
we consiously direct and sustain our attention towards certain stimulus as going backward
substracting 7 from 100
• Passive attention
it is the type where stimuli reach us without directing our attention to it

15. FIELDS OF ATTENTION
• Central field
• Lateral zone of attention
• Marginal zone of attention

16. AUDITORY TASKS USED TO STUDY ATTENTION

18. COCKTAIL PARTY EFFECT

19. BROADBENT EARLY SELECTION FILTER THEORY

20. TRIESMAN ATTENUATION THEORY

21. DEUTSCH- NORMAN LATE SELECTION FILTER

23. SRTOOP TEST FOR SELECTIVE ATTENTION

24. HIERARCHICAL MODEL OF ATTENTION
• Useful in terms of rehabiltation of brain-damaged patient

25. DISORDERS OF ATTENTION
• Hyperprosexia; the attention is heightened and paid to every details ,occur in cases of
hypomania and obcession
• Inattention; occur in grades from simple inattention as in depression,schizophernia up to
stuper and coma
• Distractibility ; patient can be distracted by minor stimuli / occur in anxiety ;ADHD and
mania