Mutations can involve changes to DNA sequences from single base pair changes to large deletions of chromosomes. Point mutations involve exchanging one DNA base for another and can cause genetic disorders. Insertion mutations add a nucleotide to the DNA sequence while deletion mutations remove a nucleotide. Chromosome mutations occur when parts of chromosomes swap during meiosis, resulting in genetic variation through crossing over.

1. Mutations

2. • mutations range from changes in a single
base pair in the coding sequence of DNA
to the deletion of large pieces of
chromosomes

3. point mutation
• involve a chemical change in which one
base is exchanged for another, this can be
enough to cause a genetic disorder

4. insertion mutations
• occurs when there is an addition of a
nucleotide to the DNA sequence

5. deletion mutation
• occurs when there is a loss of a nucleotide
in the DNA sequence

6. chromosome mutation
• sometimes when chromosomes line up in
meiosis parts of each chromosome swap
• this results in more genetic variation
• it is called crossing over