This document summarizes research on the antidiabetic activity of millets. It discusses millets as highly nutritious crops grown in marginal soils that are native to India. The introduction defines plant genetic resources and germplasm as it relates to crop breeding. It then defines diabetes and the main types (Type 1, Type 2, Gestational), symptoms, causes and conventional treatments like insulin therapy and lifestyle changes. The research evaluated the antidiabetic activity of 10 treatments using millets and found them to have potential as herbal treatments for diabetes due to their low cost, wide availability and lack of side effects compared to conventional treatments.

1. Antidiabetic activity of millet
Divya Singh
UGC-SRF
Ph.D. Biochemistry
Department of Biochemistry & Biochemical Engineering JSBB
Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences
Prayagraj, U.P., India
2021

2. Introduction
Millets are group of small grained cereals
They are highly nutritious
Grown in marginal or less fertile soils in
rain-fed conditions
Most millet crops are native to India
(Bhat et al., 2018).

3. Plant Genetic Resources
• Plant genetic resources
• Genotypes of particular species, collected from
different sources and geographical origins, for use in
plant breeding to develop new cultivars
• Germplasm of a crop may be defined as
• The sum total of hereditary material i.e. all the alleles
of various genes, present in a crop species and its wild
relatives
Plant Genetic Resources
COST Technical Committee

4. What is diabetes?
Group of metabolic
diseases characterized
by HBS
Chronic
hyperglycaemia
Plasma
glucose levels
BGL tightly
controlled by
insulin
HbA1c
2.5%of the
population
WHO-World Health Organization(2018)

5. Types
The three main types of diabetes are
• Type 1 diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes
• Gestational diabetes
WHO-World Health Organization(2018)

6. Gestational Diabetes
Type II Diabetes
WHO-World Health Organization(2018)

7. Obesity
Increasing age
Heredity
Inability of cells to use
insulin
Insufficient production
of insulin
Causes
WHO-World Health Organization(2018)

8. Symptoms
Increased urine output
Weight loss despite an increase in appetite.
Patients also complain of fatigue, nausea and vomiting.
Sweet taste in the mouth
Feeling of numbness and burning sensation in the plasms and soles.
WHO-World Health Organization(2018)

10. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
ANTIDIBATIC
ACTIVITY OF
ALL
TREATMNETS
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10(CONTROL)
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF ALL TREATMENTS
Series1 Series2

11. DIABETES MANAGEMENT
• Control blood sugar levels
• Regular insulin injections.
• Control of simple carbohydrate intake
• Increasing the percentage of complex carbohydrates
• Regular exercise
• Weight reduction (in overweight individuals).
WHO-World Health Organization(2018)

12. Treatments
Insulin Therapy
Monitoring blood sugar
Exercise
 Healthy weight
 Transplantation:
i) Pancreas transplantation
ii) Islet cell transplantation
WHO-World Health Organization(2018)

13. HERBAL TRETMENT OF DIABETES
• Medicinal plants are the potential source of the drugs
• Little side effects
• Low cost
• solve the economic problems
• Wide availability
• Experimentally evaluated
WHO-World Health Organization(2018)

14. References
• Bhat B.V., Rao B.D. and Tonapi V.A. (2018) ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad Karnataka State
Department of Agriculture, Bengaluru, India with ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India Inputs from:
Prabhakar, B.Boraiah and Prabhu C. Ganiger (All Indian Coordinated Research Project on Small Millets, University of
Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India)
• WHO-World Health Organization(2018)-Use of anticoagulants in diagnostic laboratory investigations, WHO/DIL/LAB/00.1
Rev.2.
• Kumar a.*, R. K. Arya, kumar s., Kumar h. , Kumar s. And panchta r.(2013). Advances in pearl millet fodder yield and
quality improvement through breeding and management practices Department of biochemistry, kurukshetra university,
kurukshetra (haryana), india *(e-mail : amitgothwal@gmail.Com).
• Fatima, T., Kesari, V., Watt, I., Wishart, D., Todd, J.F., Schroeder, W.R., Payath, G., Krisna, P., (2015). American Society
of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America, Madison, WI. Metabolite profiling and expression analysis of flavonoid,
vitamin C and tocopherol biosynthesis genes in the antioxidant-rich sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoids L.). Phytochemistry
118:181-191.