Disturbances of taste: Dysgeusia, Hypogeusia and Ageusia
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Abnormalities of taste include ageusia (complete loss of taste), dysgeusia (unpleasant or altered taste), and hypogeusia (reduced or partial loss of taste). Taste abnormalities can be caused by conditions affecting the central nervous system, surgical trauma to nerves, Bell's palsy, hormone changes, infections, radiation therapy, and certain chemicals or medications. Dental issues, sinusitis, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal reflux, nutritional deficiencies like zinc, smoking, and psychological factors can also alter taste. Diagnosis involves taking a patient history, oral examination, and potential referral to a specialist. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause, improving oral hygiene, and counseling.
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Dysgeusia is an impairment of the sense of taste. It can be caused by autoimmune diseases, nerve damage, medication therapy, or psychological disorders. Common causes include Sjogren's syndrome, chemotherapy drugs, and depression. A diagnosis involves taste and smell tests as well as imaging to check for structural changes. Treatment may include zinc supplementation or modifying food flavors. Risks of dysgeusia include malnutrition and death if left untreated.
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Inflammatory n infectious diseases of salivary gland- Dr Sanjana Ravindra
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Disturbances of taste: Dysgeusia, Hypogeusia and Ageusia
- 2. ABNORMALITIES OF TASTE INCLUDE: • Ageusia: Complete loss of taste • Dysgeusia: Unpleasant or altered taste sensation. • Hypogeusia: Reduced or partial loss of taste sensation.
- 3. ETIOLOGY • Abnormality of the central nervous system (rare). • surgical trauma to the Chorda tumpani nerve (rare). • Bell's palsy • Hormone changes • Presence of pyogenic infection. • Exposure to radiation therapy for head or neck cancer • Exposure to certain chemicals, such as insecticides and some medications, including Antirheumatic (allopurinol, phenylbutazone), Penicillamine and Captopril (ACE inhibitoers), Metronodazole.
- 4. CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERATION IN TASTE Dental conditions Periodontal desease Caries lesions Discharched dental sinus Restoration with maginal deficiencies Dry soket Associated structures Salivary glands: (salivaru hypo function, Sialadenitis) Sinusitis Lungs : (respiratory disease) Stomach: (Gastro-Esophageal reflex disorder) Systemic disease Uraemia Neurulgical disorders Anemia Drugs ACE inhibitors, lithium salts, gold, carbimazole, metronidazole, pencillimine, xerogenic drugs Deficiencies e.g. Zinc Smoking Psychogenic Oral dysaethesia Psychosis (delusions, hypochondraisis)
- 5. DIAGNOSIS • Taking history of the patient • Examination of the oral cavity • Checking of zinc deficiency • Referring the patient to a specialist
- 6. TREATMENT MAY INCLUDE: • Treatment of the underlying cause • Correction of the underlying medical problem • Surgical removal of obstructions that may be causing the disorder • Improving Oral hygiene • Counseling
Editor's Notes
- Hypergeusia is a taste disorder where the sense is abnormally heightened.[1][2] It can be associated with a lesion of the posterior fossa and Addison's Disease; where a patient will crave for salty and sour taste due to the abnormal loss of ions with urine.[3]
- ** Sometimes injery to the chorda tympani can be due to postoperative edema.. ** Bell's palsy is a type of facial paralysis that results in an inability to control the facial muscles on the affected side.[1]Symptoms can vary from mild to severe. They may include muscle twitching, weakness, or total loss of the ability to move one or rarely both sides of the face. Other symptoms include drooping of the eyelid, a change in taste, pain around the ear, and increased sensitivity to sound. Typically symptoms come on over 48 hours.[1]