This document summarizes and compares different display technologies, including thin-film transistor (TFT) displays, organic TFT displays, flexible displays, OLED displays, LED displays, mobile displays, plasma display panels, electronic paper displays, and holographic 3D displays. It provides details on the composition and workings of each technology, highlighting features such as uses of organic materials, flexibility, low power consumption, and three-dimensional image reproduction. The document was submitted as part of a Bachelor of Technology course presentation.

1. Presentation
on
Comparison among different display technologies
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted to:
Mr. Anil Khatak
Assistant Professor
BME Department
Submitted by:
Sohan Kumar Thakur
B.Tech (BME)
16141012

2. Types
Different Types of Display
Technology
• Display Glasses Inorganic
Semiconductor TFT Technology
• Organic TFT Technology
• Flexible Displays
• OLEDs Display
• LED Display
• Mobile Display
• Plasma Display Panels
• Paper like and low Power Display
• Holographic 3-D Technology

3.  A thin-film transistor (TFT) is a special type of metal–oxide–
semiconductor field-effect transistor.
 TFTs can be made using a wide variety of semiconductor
materials. A common material is silicon.
 The best known application of thin-film transistors is in TFT
LCDs, an implementation of liquid-crystal display technology.
 Transistors are embedded within the panel itself, reducing
crosstalk between pixels and improving image stability.
 A TFT is used in both direct and indirect capture[jargon] as a
base for the image receptor in medical radiography.
 Display Glasses Inorganic Semiconductor TFT Technology

4. Structure
 Structure of a TFT-display matrix
1 - Glass plates
2/3 - Horizontal and vertical polarisers
4 - RGB colour mask
5/6 - Horizontal and vertical command lines
7 - Rubbed polymer layer
8 - Spacers
9 - Thin-film transistors
10 - Front electrode
11 - Rear electrodes

5. Organic TFT Technology
 Organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) technology involves the use of organic
semiconducting compounds in electronic components, notably computer
displays.
 Organic displays are relatively cheap, but until recently, they have proven slow in
terms of carrier mobility (the ease with which an atom shares electrons and
holes with other atoms).
 Organic substrates allow for displays to be fabricated on flexible surfaces, rather
than on rigid materials as is necessary in traditional TFT displays.
 A piece of flexible plastic might be coated with OTFT material and made into a
display that can be handled like a paper document.

6.  Flexible display
 A flexible display is an electronic visual display which is interest from numerous consumer electronics
manufacturers to apply this display technology in e-readers, mobile phones and other consumer
electronics.
 Flexible electronic paper based displays
 Flexible electronic paper (e-paper) based displays were the first
flexible displays conceptualized and prototyped.
 Xerox PARC
A PARC employee, made a major breakthrough in flexible display
technology and produced the first flexible e-paper display.

7.  Bendable Displays
 Some applications may require the flexible display to be bent over a desired
curvature of interest multiple times, during use, to suit the application
requirements.
 Application
 Foldable Displays
 These applications decouple the device size and the display size and allow the
display size to be much larger than the device size.
 This type of device involves bending and unbending and rolling and unrolling
the flexible display multiple times during the life of the device usage.
 Rollable Displays
 Fully rollable high performance flexible AM OLED display is the ultimate
vision of the flexible display development efforts.

8.  OLEDs Display
 OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diodes) is a flat light emitting technology, made by
placing a series of organic thin films between two conductors.
 When electrical current is applied, a bright light is emitted. OLEDs are emissive
displays that do not require a backlight and so are thinner and more efficient than
LCD displays (which do require a white backlight).
 OLEDs are used today in mobile phones, digital cameras, VR headsets,
tablets, laptops and TVs.
 OLED is the best display technology - and indeed OLED panels are used today to
create the most stunning TVs ever - with the best image quality combined with the
thinnest sets ever.
 OLEDs can be used to create excellent light source. OLEDs offer diffuse
area lighting and can be flexible, efficient, light, thin, transparent, color-
tunable and more.

9. LED Display
 LED Display (light-emitting diode display) is a screen display technology that
uses a panel of LEDs as the light source.
 Modern electronic devices such as mobile phones, TVs, tablets, computer monitors,
laptops screens, etc., use a LED display to display their output.
 The biggest advantage of the LED display is its efficient and low-energy consumption,
which is especially needed for handhelds and chargeable devices such as mobile
phones and tablets.
 LEDs produce more brilliance and greater light intensity.

10. 1. There are many display types used in smartphones: LCD, OLED, AMOLED, Super AMOLED, TFT, IPS and a
few others that are less frequently found on smartphones nowadays, like TFT-LCD.
2. LCD means Liquid Crystal Display, and its name refers to the array of liquid crystals illuminated by a
backlight.
3. An OLED display is comprised of thin sheets electroluminescent material.
4. The AM part of AMOLED stands for Active Matrix, which is different from a Passive Matrix OLED (P-
OLED), though these are less common in smartphones.
 Mobile Display

11. 5. Super AMOLED displays handle sunlight better than AMOLED displays and also require
less power.
6. Micro-LED displays work similarly to OLED panels, but are even thinner. They consist of
inorganic semiconductors, specifically a gallium-nitrite combination.

12. Plasma Display Panels
 Plasma display panels (PDPs) are a type of screen display that utilizes
gases to emit light to form pixels on to a glass plate which displays an
image.
 Plasma displays are a form of flat panel display which are lighter
weight, thinner and less power consuming than the cathode ray tube
(CRT) screens. They are mostly used for larger televisions.
 The structure of PDPs consist of multiple layers of various materials.
 The inner most layer consists of a series of 3 cell compartments which
make up a single pixel of the projected image.
 Each cell contains a gas mixture of noble gases, usually neon with 10-
15% xenon, and is responsible for producing one of the three primary
colors, red, blue, or green.

13.  Paper like and low Power Display
o Electronic paper displays differ from LCD panels in that they reflect light like paper,
rather than emitting light.
o E-paper displays contain millions of miniscule capsules filled with a clear fluid
containing microscopic particles of different colors and electrical charges.
o Electrodes located above and below the capsules move up and down when a positive
or negative electric field is applied, which makes the surface of the electronic paper
display reflect a certain color.
o E-paper is bistable – no power is needed to retain an image, and reflective – ambient
light reflects from the surface of the display.
o The main advantages of electronic paper over traditional LCD screens are paper-like
readability and extremely low power consumption. E-paper reduces eyestrain since it
simulates paper rather than a computer screen.

14.  Holographic 3-D Technology
 A hologram is a physical recording of an interference pattern which uses
diffraction to reproduce a three-dimensional light field.
 A hologram is a photographic recording of a light field, rather than an image
formed by a lense.
 The view of the image from different angles represents the subject viewed from
similar angles. In this sense, holograms do not simply produce the illusion of
depth but are truly three-dimensional images.
 holography requires the use of laser light for illuminating the subject and for
viewing the finished hologram.
 Holography is distinct from lenticular and other earlier autostereoscopic 3D
display technologies

15. Thanks
Thank you very much…