At the end of this lecture the student will be able to understand the following:
Anatomy and physiology of renal & urology system
Assessment of renal & urology system
Introduction to renal & urology system disorders
Definition of UTI
Etiology/Pathophysiology of UTI
Risk factors of UTI
Clinical manifestation UTI
Complications of UTI
Diagnostic test of UTI
Medical management UTI
Nursing management UTI
This includes the infectious, Inflammatory diseases affecting the urinary system namely, UTI (pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis), urethral diverticula, renal TB.
further, it also includes the immunological diseases affecting the kidneys like GN, and nephrotic syndrome.
At the end of this lecture the student will be able to understand the following:
Anatomy and physiology of renal & urology system
Assessment of renal & urology system
Introduction to renal & urology system disorders
Definition of UTI
Etiology/Pathophysiology of UTI
Risk factors of UTI
Clinical manifestation UTI
Complications of UTI
Diagnostic test of UTI
Medical management UTI
Nursing management UTI
This includes the infectious, Inflammatory diseases affecting the urinary system namely, UTI (pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis), urethral diverticula, renal TB.
further, it also includes the immunological diseases affecting the kidneys like GN, and nephrotic syndrome.
Prostate cancer or tumor is the most common cancer in men other than non-melanoma skin cancer.
The majority (more than 75%) of cases occur in men over age 65.
Risk factors for prostate cancer including increasing age, the incidence of prostate cancer increase rapidly after the age of 50 years. And more than 70% cases occur in men older than 65 year of age.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is an enlargement of the prostate gland resulting from an increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue and developing upward into the bladder and obstructing the outflow of urine.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate gland. Symptoms may include frequent urination, trouble starting to urinate, weak stream, inability to urinate, or loss of bladder control.
Gallstones are hardened deposits of bile that can form in your gallbladder. Bile is a digestive fluid produced in your liver and stored in your gallbladder. When you eat, your gallbladder contracts and empties bile into your small intestine (duodenum)
Kidney stone disease, also known as urolithiasis, is when a solid piece of material (kidney stone) occurs in the urinary tract. Kidney stones typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. A small stone may pass without causing symptoms.
This is most common urological condition and multiple sites of urinary tract are involved in this type of infection. my this PPT slide is helpful to all the student and faculty to increasing their knowledge about UTI.
definition of hydronephrosis,
causes and types of hydronephrosis
pathophysiology of hydronephrosis
clinical manifestation and diagnostic test for hydronephrosis
management
This presentation comprises of congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract made concise and in depth for PG preparation. It contains all important topics of the regarding subject covered in detail.
This PPT contains all necessary detail about cholecystitis and its management and covers all aspects of this disease according to nursing point of view. Helpful for studetns.
Prostate cancer or tumor is the most common cancer in men other than non-melanoma skin cancer.
The majority (more than 75%) of cases occur in men over age 65.
Risk factors for prostate cancer including increasing age, the incidence of prostate cancer increase rapidly after the age of 50 years. And more than 70% cases occur in men older than 65 year of age.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is an enlargement of the prostate gland resulting from an increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue and developing upward into the bladder and obstructing the outflow of urine.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate gland. Symptoms may include frequent urination, trouble starting to urinate, weak stream, inability to urinate, or loss of bladder control.
Gallstones are hardened deposits of bile that can form in your gallbladder. Bile is a digestive fluid produced in your liver and stored in your gallbladder. When you eat, your gallbladder contracts and empties bile into your small intestine (duodenum)
Kidney stone disease, also known as urolithiasis, is when a solid piece of material (kidney stone) occurs in the urinary tract. Kidney stones typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. A small stone may pass without causing symptoms.
This is most common urological condition and multiple sites of urinary tract are involved in this type of infection. my this PPT slide is helpful to all the student and faculty to increasing their knowledge about UTI.
definition of hydronephrosis,
causes and types of hydronephrosis
pathophysiology of hydronephrosis
clinical manifestation and diagnostic test for hydronephrosis
management
This presentation comprises of congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract made concise and in depth for PG preparation. It contains all important topics of the regarding subject covered in detail.
This PPT contains all necessary detail about cholecystitis and its management and covers all aspects of this disease according to nursing point of view. Helpful for studetns.
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Kidney stones (also called renal calculi, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis) are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys. Diet, excess body weight, some medical conditions, and certain supplements and medications are among the many causes of kidney stones.
Brief description of genitourinary system-related disorders with their nursing management. This presentation involves glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, acute renal failure, and renal calculi.
Introduction
Rheology and Viscosity
Rheology in Pharmaceuticals
• Pharmaceutical formulation
• Pharmaceutical manufacturing
• Dispensing pharmacy
• Pharmaceutical technology
• Physical pharmacy
• Pharmaceutical jurisprudence
Scope of rheology
Applications:
Examples
Conclusion
Rheology has applications in materials science engineering, geophysics, physiology, human biology and pharmaceutics. Materials science is utilized in the production of many industrially important substances, such as cement, paint, and chocolate, which have complex flow characteristics. In addition, plasticity theory has been similarly important for the design of metal forming processes. The science of rheology and the characterization of viscoelastic properties in the production and use of polymeric materials has been critical for the production of many products for use in both the industrial and military sectors. Study of flow properties of liquids is important for pharmacists working in the manufacture of several dosage forms, such as simple liquids, ointments, creams, pastes etc. The flow behavior of liquids under applied stress is of great relevance in the field of pharmacy. Flow properties are used as important quality control tools to maintain the superiority of the product and reduce batch to batch variations
• Acid-base concept
• Role of this form of titration in pharmaceutical quality assurance
• Ionization
• Low of ionization
• Henderson hasselbarkh equation equation
• Neutralization curves
• Acid-base indicators
• Mixed indicators used in polyprotic & amino acid systems during amino acid titration
• Introduction
• The main activities of community pharmacists
• Processing of prescriptions
• Care of patients or clinical pharmacy
• Extemporaneous preparation and small-scale manufacture of medicines
• Traditional and alternative medicines
• Monitoring of drug utilization
• Responding to symptoms of minor ailments
• Informing health care professionals and the public
• Health promotion
• Domiciliary services
• Rational Use of Drugs
• Individualization of Drug
• Community Pharmacists Play Key Role in Improving Medication Safety
• Pharmacists as a Community Resource
• Conclusion
Definition
History
role of biotransformation
where drug biotransformation occur
the pathway of drug metabolism
phase 2 reaction
plasma level time curve of mephenytoin
factors affecting drug metabolism
importance of biotransformation
Impact of pharmacokinetics of bextrum gold and tetracycline from drug drug in...Md. Mynul Hasan
Definition
tetracycline
absorption of tetracycline and bextram gold
Drug-drug interaction
pharmacokinetics of bextram gold tetracycline
adsorption
result
definition
type
Biological hazards
fire and explosion hazards
preventive measures
safety measures
gas hazards
gas safety at work
mechanical hazards
dust hazards
industrial pollution
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. URINARY SYSTEM
The bodily system consisting of t
he organs thatproduce, collect, an
d eliminate urine
ORGANS THAT CONSTITUTE
THE URINARY SYSTEM
•Kidneys
•Ureters
•Urinary bladder
•Urethra
3. The Functions of the Urinary System
a) The kidneys regulate blood volume and composition, help
to regulate blood pressure and pH, participate in red blood cell
production and synthesis of vitamin D, and excrete waste
products and foreign substances.
b) The ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary
bladder.
c) The urinary bladder stores urine and expels urine into the
urethra,
d) The urethra discharges urine from the body.
5. Clinical Signs
Rise in body temperature
Polydypsia and polyuria followed by anuria
Rough and staring body coat
Uraemia and vomiting
Cloudy urine
6. Diagnosis
From clinical signs
Urine analysis
Physical Examination: Volume, colour, transparency,
odour, foam, specific gravity.
Chemical analysis: pH, proteins, glucose, ketone bodies,
bile, blood, etc.
Microscopic analysis: cells, microorganisms, casts,
parasites, spermatozoa, sediments, etc.
7. Treatment
Antibiotics - for 7-10 days
Frusemide @ 4.4 mg/kg b.i.d
Corticosteriods
Vit B complex and proteins
Dextrose normal saline- slow i/v
Low sodium diet and plenty of water
8. Cystitis
Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of
the urinary bladder
Most common cause – E.Coli
Sym- DYSUIA (painful urination) and frequency
Usually in females (shorter urethra)
Rx - antibiotics
9. Acidic pH Alkaine pH Both pH
Oxyteracycline
Tetracycline
Cephalosporines
Penicillin
Gentamicin
Streptomycin
Erythromycin
Trimethoprim
Sulpha drugs
Streptopenicillin
Ampicillin
Norfloxacin
Nalidixic acid
Cephalexin
Cephaloridine
Drugs that work well in specific pH
10. Obstructive Urolithiasis
(urinary calculi or stone)
Obstruction of the urinary tract by urinary calculi.
Common sites:
bladder, kidney, urethra at the ischial arch and the sigmoid
flexure.
11. Etiology
Feeding high concentrates
Pasture containing high oxalate and silica
Hypervitaminosis D
Avitaminosis A
High estrogen intake
Less water intake
12. Treatment:
Treatment depends on the type of kidney stone. Medication
and diet changes are often used to prevent kidney stones
Drinking water. Drinking as much as 2 to 3 quarts (1.9
to 2.8 liters) a day may help flush out your urinary system.
Pain relievers. Passing a small stone can cause some
discomfort. To relieve mild pain, your doctor may
recommend pain relievers such as ibuprofen
In case of large stone:
Surgery to remove very large stones in the kidney.
Using sound waves to break up stones.
Parathyroid gland surgery.
14. Clinical signs
Anorexia and lethargy
Small amount of urine in partial obstruction to
anuria in complete obstruction.
Repeated attempts to urinate but in vain.
Abdominal pain
Per rectal examination: distended /flattened
UB
15. Treatment
Location of the site of obstruction can be done by
passing a urinary catheter.
Tab cystone - 3-4 tab daily x 15-20 days
Allopurinol @ 10 mg/kg p.o. t.i.d x 4 wks
Inj. Antibiotics
Surgical intervention- urethrotomy and removal of the
calculi.
16. Drugs safe for use:
Penicillin
Ampicillin
Erythromicin
Chloramphenicol
17. Urinary incontinence
Constant dribbling of urine due to loss of voluntary
control of micturation. This could be due to:
Bladder paralysis- damage of nerv
Abnormal disposition of urinary organs
Oestrogen and testosterone responsive incontinence
Obstruction of urethra
18. Treatment:
Attempt should be made to control the primary cause
Measures to prevent infection
Empty distended bladder
Neurovitamins to induce contraction power of urinary
bladder